2012届高考英语二轮专题复习-语法六、动词时态和语态.doc

2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法六、动词时态和语态诊断与对策.用括号中所给动词的正确时态和语态填空Since 1984，Philadelphia _ (clean) up its act.One by one，graffiticovered walls _ (change) into outdoor art.So far，more than 1,800 murals (壁画) (paint). (2011大纲全国卷阅读A)2.You look so young.Havent you graduated from your university?Yes.I_(study) in the English Department of Shandong University for four years.3.The government announced that six highways _ (build) by the end of last year.4.Youve failed to do what you _ (expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.单项填空1.Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh，no，I forgot.I _ her now.A.will be calling B.will callC.call D am to tell解析从上下文语境判断，call应是发生在将来的动作，用将来时。2.On her next birthday，Ann _ married for twenty years. (2011天津，4)A.is B.has beenC.will be D.will have been解析表示“到将来某一时刻将完成的动作或状态用将来完成时。3.Attention，please.The plane to London _ off at 900.A.take B.takesC.took D.has taken解析句意为：请注意，去往伦敦的飞机900起飞。表示位置移动的动词，其现在时和进行时都可以表示将来，如果表示的动作根据安排难以更改的话，一般用一般现在时。4.As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area _.A.need repairing B.needs to repairC.needs repairing D.need to repair解析句意为：由于严重的洪涝，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要维修。“分数of.”作主语，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词一致；need，want，require作“需要”讲时，后接不定式的被动式或动名词的主动式，其意义相同。5.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.is feltC.felt D.feels解析句意为：我跳入水池中晨练时，觉得水很凉。此处feel意为“感觉起来”，是连系动词，没有被动语态，再根据后面的jumped可知，只有C项正确。备考策略1.掌握基本用法，注意被动语态。高考对于时态的考查，主要集中在大纲要求的八种时态和用法上，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。对于语态的考查主要集中在：主动形式表示被动意义，被动语态与系表结构的区别，时态和语态的综合考查。做题时既要全面地从整体上理解时态的统一性，又要注重语态逻辑的吻合性。既要定“时”，即确定事情发生的时间(过去、现在还是将来)，也要定语态。2.比较时态区别，注意信息提示。高考对时态考查的设问角度多以中学生普遍感到困惑的几组时态相互干扰，如一般过去时和现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时、过去完成时与现在完成时的相互区别。而且在考查中越来越强化语境。很多对时态的考查都出现在对话中。3.体会真实语境，分清动作先后。高考对时态的考查不再是单纯语法规则的死记硬背，而是更注重对语法知识的具体运用，即将语法知识置于一定的语境中，要求考生在实际语言环境中选择一个最佳选项。做题时应树立全局观念，要认真读题干，根据提供的语境，挖掘题中隐含的信息，从而找到解题的突破口。考点与考题考点一一般将来时的几种常用结构的区别1.“will/shall动词原形”表示客观上势必会发生的事情，或者指没有经过计划临时做出的打算。2.be going to do既可指主观打算也可指客观迹象表示将要发生。3.be doing常用来指安排好要做的事情，并且很少变更。常用于此结构的主要是一些短暂性的动词，如：come，go，leave，start，begin，run等。4.be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务或要求必须去做的事情或即将发生的动作而且必须是人能决定的动作才能用be to do来表示。5.be about to do表示客观上马上要发生的事情，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。1.Look at his pale face.I think he is to faint.(改错) is tois going to2.We are about to discuss the report next Saturday.(改错)去掉about考题印证1.No one _ this building without the permission of the security guard.A.is to enter B.entersC.is going to enter D.will enter解析句意为：没有保安的许可，任何人不能进入这栋楼。此处be to do表示一种命令或要求，且主语是no one，谓语动词要用单数形式。其他选项没有这种用法。2.Ann is in hospital. Oh，really? I _ know.I _ go and visit her.A.didnt；am going to B.dont；wouldC.dont；will D.didnt；will解析句意为：安住院了。真的吗？我还不知道呢，我要去看看她。“不知道安住院”是发生在说话之前的事，故第一空用一般过去时；“要去看安”是临时决定要做的事，故用will表示一般将来时。be going to表示说话前已计划过的意图或打算。3.In the near future，more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists. (2011湖南，34)A.are making B.are madeC.will make D.will be made 解析从时间状语in the near future可知，句子应用一般将来时，且technology和make之间是被动关系，故答案为D。考点二易用错时态的几个常用句式1.“It is/has been一段时间since从句”中，since从句用一般过去时；如果is/has改为was/had，则since从句用过去完成时。2.“It is the first/second.timethat从句”，that从句一般用现在完成时；如果is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。3.hardly/scarcely.when和no sooner.than表示“还未来得及就”或“一就”，主句常用过去完成时，when和than引导的从句常用一般过去时。4.“祈使句and/or简单句”中，简单句使用一般将来时。5.“by the timethat从句”中，that从句若为一般现在时，主句常用将来完成时；that从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。6.“It is/will be时间段before从句”中，before从句用一般现在时。1.约翰回到家时，他妈妈将已经赶往上海去开会了。(翻译)By_the_time_John_gets_home，his_mother_will_have_leftfor_Shanghai_to_attend_a_meeting.2.咱们切入正题吧，否则永远不会作出决定。(翻译)Lets_keep_to_the_point，or_we_will_never_reach_anydecisions.考题印证1.Thats the third time he _ the award in this field.Yes.He _ his maximum potential in the past decade.A.won；exploredB.has won；is exploringC.has won；has been exploringD.had won；had explored解析“It/This/That is the first/second.time that从句”为固定句型，在that从句中，常用现在完成时；从第二句话中的in the past decade可知第二空应该用现在完成进行时态。2.Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month，he _enough for a used one. (2011江苏，23)A.saves B.savedC.will save D.will have saved解析从by next month可判断句子用将来时，到下个月将要完成的动作用将来完成时。3.As is reported，it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded. (2011四川，6)A.when B.beforeC.after D.since解析句意为：据报道，清华大学建校已经一百年了。考查固定句型：It is/has been一段时间since从句，意为“自从以来多久了”。考点三未曾实现的愿望及打算的表达1.should like to/would like to/would love to完成式,表示主语过去希望做但未做到的事。I should like to have climbed the mountain with her.当时我真想和她一起去爬那座山。2.was/were doing sth.表示主语过去未曾实现的安排或打算。We were planning to spend part of the winter vacation together，but now I dont think I want to invite him home.我们本来计划一起度过部分寒假的，但现在我觉得不想请他来我家了。3.was/were going不定式的一般式，表示一种主语过去未曾实现的打算或计划，意为“本打算，本想”。I was going to play volleyball on Monday，but I cant now.我本想星期一去打排球的，但现在不可能了。4.was/were不定式的完成式，表示未完成的打算、计划或安排，含有“本来打算”之意。He was to have bought a colour TV set，but he had not enough money.他本来打算买一台彩色电视机的，但钱不够。5.英语中表示愿望的动词如expect，intend，hope，wish，mean，plan，promise，suppose，think，want等用过去完成式后接不定式的一般式(或后接宾语从句)或这类词的过去式后接不定式的完成式，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。I had intended to come (intended to have come) over to see you last night，but someone called and I couldnt get away.昨晚我本来打算过来看你的，可有人来找我，我走不了。我本想帮你，但我当时太忙了。(一句多译)I thought to have helped you (I had thought to help you)，but I was too busy then.I was to have helped you，but I was too busy then.I would like to have helped you，but I was too busy then.考题印证1.I _ to watch the football match yesterday，but I couldnt get a ticket.A.would hope B.had hoped C.was hoping D.hoped解析had hoped to do (hoped to have done)表示“本希望(但实际上未实现)”。2.Have you seen the movie “2012”？ Its quite thrilling.No，I _ to buy a ticket，but it _ cats and dogs.A.have intended；was raining B.intended；had rainedC.have intended；rained D.had intended；was raining解析第一空表示“本打算干而事实上没干”应用had intended to do或intended to have done；第二空表示过去的一个事实，当时正在下倾盆大雨，应用过去进行时，故D项正确。3.Alice，why didnt you come yesterday?I _.But I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did解析考查“was/were going to动词原形”表示一种过去未曾实现的打算或计划，意为“本打算，本想”。所以C为正确答案。选项D与后文“But I had an unexpected visitor.”相矛盾。4.Ive got to go now.Must you？I _ you could stay for dinner with us.A.think B.had thought C.have thought D.am thinking 解析“had thought从句(或不定式的一般式)”表示“本认为/想”。考点四主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1.某些系动词，如look，sound，become，get，keep，taste，feel，prove，appear等用主动形式表示被动意义。2.某些表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如shut，open，sell，read，write，cut，wash等可用主动形式表示被动意义，这类词后常跟一个well，easily等副词。3.有些介词短语作表语，其主动形式表示被动意义。4.表示“需要”意义的need，want，require等词后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。5.某些表示“发生”的不及物动词(短语)，如happen，take place，occur等无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。1.我市发生了巨大变化，许多新工厂建了起来。(翻译)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityandalotofnew factories have been set up.2.这个问题正在讨论中。(翻译)The question is under discussion (is being discussed).考题印证1.How did you like his speech?Oh，it was very good.What he said _ like poetry.A.sounded B.soundC.was sounded D.is sounded解析did，was，said用了过去时，决定了sound要用过去时，又因sound在此为表示状态特征的连系动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，故选A。2.I want to buy that jacket because I _ the cloth _ well.A.have told；washes B.have been told；washesC.was told；washed D.have been told；is washed解析句中“I”和“tell”之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生，故用现在完成时的被动语态；动词wash常用其主动形式表示被动意义。故答案为B。3.Your room needs _.Would you like me _ it for you？A.to clean；to do B.cleaning；to doC.to be cleaned；doing D.being cleaned；doing解析need doingneed to be done；would like sb.to do.“想要某人做”，固定搭配。题点与题组命题点准确确定谓语动词的时态1.Planning so far ahead_no senseso many things will have changed by next year.A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made解析本题由两个简单句构成，解决该题的关键是对前句进行正确的结构分析，前句中的so far ahead只是用来修饰主语planning，而不修饰谓语动词make，整个前句表达的只是客观事实，故应使用一般现在时。2.Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War. A.have conducted B.have been conductedC.had conducted D.had been conducted解析根据句中的时间状语before the Second World War可知conduct发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，排除A、B两项。再根据谓语动词conduct和主语experiments之间为逻辑上的动宾关系可知，本题选D项。3.Bob has gone to California.Oh，can you tell me when he _？A.has left B.left C.is leaving D.would leaving解析由第一句“Bob has gone to California”可知，Bob已经离开去了加利福尼亚，“离开”发生在过去，故答案为B。4.Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition？ A.would sign B.signed C.have signed D.had signed解析句意为：你能预测一下会有许多学生报名参加舞蹈比赛吗？sign是过去看来将要发生的动作，故用过去将来时。5.I hear you _ in a pub.Whats it like?Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind. A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working解析句意为：我听说你在一家酒吧上班，怎么样？噢，工作很繁重，我总是感觉累，不过我不在乎。“工作”是现阶段内正在发生的动作，故用现在进行时。- 7 -用心 爱心 专心