完成句子攻略之时态语态篇.doc

完成句子攻略之时态语态篇
关键词：时态形式、语境、固定结构、 被动语态
(一）熟记常考的八大时态形式及被动语态（以动词do为例）
一般现在时态 do/does 被动语态形式 am/is/are done
一般过去时态 did wasa/were done
一般将来时态 will do will be done
现在进行时态 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时态 was/were doing was/were being done
现在完成时态 have/has done have/has been done
过去完成时态 had done had been done
现在完成进行时态 have/has been doing / （一般不考其被动）
（二）分析考察要点
1.看清时间状语
不管是在单句还是从句中，有典型的时间状语 就能很快确定句子的时态。
常考的一般过去时态的时间状语有：last night/month/year….., yesterday, just now, in the past, the other day, two years ago, in 1998, etc.
eg:.__________________（你刚才说的）makes him angry. (just now)
答案：What you said just now (just now 表示刚才，是一般过去时态的时间状语，所以动词“说”用一般过去时)
常考的现在进行时态的时间状语有：now, at present 或提示词Look! Listen!
eg: Look,quite a few patients ____________(正在被检查) in the doctor’s office at present. (examine)
答案：are being examined (有提示词look 和时间状语at present 可以确定为现在进行时态，再加上汉字提示最后确定为现在进行时的被动
常考的现在完成时态的时间状语有：so far, up to now, in the past/last few years, never before 或时间副词 already, recently/lately, yet, ever , ect.
eg: Never before _________________(我见过) so beautiful a house. (see)
答案：have I seen (never before 表示”从来没有”,多用于现在完成时态,此处never 位于句首部分倒装。)
注意：by + 现在时间——现在完成时态
by + 过去时间——过去完成时态
by + 将来时间——将来完成时态
eg1: By the time the firemen arrived at he building, the fire _______________(已经扑灭了) by the nearby citizens. (put)
答案：had been put off (by + the time the firemen arrived 所以用过去完成时态，再加上火与动词扑灭是动宾关系，所以最后确定为过去完成时态的被动语态)
eg 2：By next week we _____________( 得学完2000个单词). (learn)
答案：will have learnt 2000 words (by + next week 用将来完成时态)
（4）常考的一般将来时态的时间 状语有：next week/month/year……, the following day, tomorrow, tomorrow morning……
2.注意汉字提示
若考察时态语态汉字中多会出现 “着” “了”， “过” “在” “正在” “将” “已经” “一直” 等汉字及汉字“被” 和单词by 这样就可以确定正确的时态和语态了。
eg:（NMET2008） At present, lots of food, water,tents and medinice_________________(正在运往) from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas. (transport)
答案 ：are being transported (由时间状语at present和汉字“正在” 及各种东西与动词“运往”是动宾关系，所以最后确定所填形式为现在进行时的被动)
3.熟悉从句特征
题目中若有多个句子或从句的出现就表示语境。从句中考察时态一般都注重时态保持一致原则，具体分为以下几个方面：
（1） 如果主从句动作都是未发生动作，那么主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。这种情况多出现在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。
eg: I will give you an answer__________________(我一读完你的报告). (immediately)
答案：immediately I finish reading your report (immediately 一….就， 引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。)

（2） 如果主句是一般现在时态，从句可以根据自己的时间状语和意义用任何时态，即可以用一般过去时、一般将来时、一般现在时、现在完成时态等。这种情况多见于名词性从句和定语从句中。
eg1: ____________________(政府将怎讲处理这些旧房子) is still unknown. (do)
答案：What the government will do with the old houses (主语从句)
eg2：The place ___________________(我昨天参观的) is really beautiful. (visit)
答案：(which/ that) I visited (定语从句)

（3） 如果主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用与 过去有关的时态即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时态等。这种情况在状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句中都有出现。
eg1: Li said the new discovery _________________(将会有积极影响) the investigation of the dumpling poisoning case. (impact)
答案：would have a positive impact on (宾语从句)
eg2：The boy ________________(假装睡着了) when his mother came into his bedroom..
(pretend)
答案： pretended to be sleeping/asleep (状语从句，在状语从句中多是出现从句形式，考察主句时态)
eg3： I was informed that the flight __________________（已经被取消）due to the heavy fog.
(call)
答案：had been called off (宾语从句)
注意：有三种固定从句常考时态形式。
（1） when 引导的时间状语从句
be about to do sth. 正要做某事的时候突然…….
be on the point of doing sth. + when +从句 正要做某事的时候突然………
be doing sth. 正在做某事的时候突然………..
eg:We ___________________(正要离开) when it began to rain. (point)
答案：were on the point of leaving (固定搭配，时态保持一致)

（2） since (自从)引导的时间状语从句
▲It is/ has been + 一段时间 + since +从句
▲主句用现在完成时 + since +过去时间状语或从句用一般过去时态
eg1: He __________________(体重增加了) since he gave up smoking. (weight)
答案：has put on weight/ has gained weight
eg2___________________(你认为有多长时间) since he arrived there? (long, suppose)
答案：How long do you suppose it is /has been

(3)“一…..就” 的三个固定从句,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时态。
no sooner …….than +从句
hardly……..when +从句
scarcely …….before + 从句
eg; Hardly _________________(我一下火车) when I was met and surrounded by a group of students. (get)
答案：had I got off the train (hardly 提前部分倒装)
4.辨明客观规律
在时态语态中客观真理规律都用一般现在时态，不受主从句的语境限制。
5.结合主谓一致
在考察时态语态时，有时候还要注意多个主语的并列情况。这时需结合主谓一致中的就前原则和就近原则及与and 的区别。
（1）A and B +谓语动词复数
（2）A, as well as， B 谓语动词形式与A保持一致（就前原则）
with
together with
besides
except/ but
in addition to
(3) not only A but also B 谓语动词形式与B 保持一致（就近原则）
either ……..or……..

neither …….nor…….
eg: The scientist, together with his assistants,_________________（致力于这一工程）now.
(work)
答案：is working on the project （就前原则）
6.加上固定结构
▲It is the first/ second/ third…..time that + 从句 （从句中用现在完成时态）
▲It was the first/ second/ third….time that + 从句 （从句中用过去完成时态）
eg: It is the first time that _______________(我看美国小说或杂志). The plot is so attractive that I was attracted by it. (read)
答案：I have read the American novels or magazines
▲ It is high/ about time that + 从句 （从句中用一般过去时态或should +动词原型）
eg: It is high time that they ___________________（忙于猎鹿）now. (hunt)
答案 were busy (in) hunting deer/ should be busy (in) hunting deer
(三)在汉字、语境的结合之下确定时态形式，但不要忽视了语态。有些汉字中明显有“被”字，有些英语中明显有by表被动意义，所以应该用相应的被动语态，但在更多时候需要分析主语与动词的关系是否是动宾关系，如果是就要用被动语态。

eg:As far as I know,_______________________(不养牛) in this district. (cattle)
答案： cattle are not raised (牛与动词“饲养”是动宾关系，所以用被动语态)
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