高一英语UNIT-5-NELSON-MANDELA—A-MODERN-HERO人教实验版-知识精讲.doc

高一英语UNIT 5 NELSON MANDELA—A MODERN HERO人教实验版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
UNIT 5 NELSON MANDELA—A MODERN HERO

二. 重点词汇讲解
1. advise v .
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
advise doing sth
advise sb on sth
advise that (should)+ v原
advice 不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议
give advice on / follow sb’s advice /by one’s advice

2. willing-愿意的---unwilling 不愿意的
be willing to do sth乐于做某事，愿意干……
=be ready to do =be prepared to do

3. Continue vt（使）继续，（使）延伸
The fighting continued for a week.
Vi 继续，其后可接名词，代词
1）We will continue our game next Sunday.
2）Continue to do sth =continue doing =go on doing sth
Link v继续处于某种状态
I hope the weather will continue fine.

4. position n 位置，职位， 立场， 形势，阵地 vt安置，决定……的位置
Can you find our position on this map?
The position is very critical.
What’s your position on the new taxes?
相关短语：in position 在适当的位置
out of position在不适当的位置
take up the position that... 主张，认为

5. 几个单词的词类转化
equal (adj)------equally (adv)------equality (n)
violence (n)------violent (adj)
cruelty (n)------cruel (adj)------cruelly (adv)
educated (adj)------education (n)

6. fight for 为争取……而斗争
　　fight against 为反对……而斗争
　　fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争
fight sb 与某人打架

7. In trouble 处于不幸，危险，麻烦的境地
I am in trouble with the police over the matter.
此外还有：
1）ask for trouble 自找麻烦
2）get sb into trouble（使）陷入困境
3）make trouble 捣乱，闹事
4）take trouble to do 不辞辛劳地做
5）have trouble (in) doing 费力地做
6）have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth 对……有困难
7）put sb into trouble of doing sth 使某人麻烦地做某事

8. lose heart 丧失勇气
lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上

9. 1) be out of work
= lose one’s job（表动作）
=out of job失业
2)At work 在上班

10. “阻止某人做某事”的三种表达：
keep sb from doing sth　　
stop sb (from) doing sth
prevent sb (from) doing sth

11. put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱

12. set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起
set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth) =（set out to do sth）
set out 陈列，摆出；开始
　　set off 出发，动身，（使）引爆
　　set aside 搁置，放在一边，储蓄

13. as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上

14. in one way =in a way 在某种程度上，在某种意义上
all the way 一路上
by the way 顺便说
by way of 经过
in the way 挡路，妨碍
on one’s way to (介词)在路上，即将
no way 不行
15. fear n 恐怖， 害怕， 担心， 敬畏
V害怕，敬畏
相关短语：
Be in fear (of) （为……而）提心掉胆
For fear of 因为怕，以免
For fear that 生怕，为了防止
Have a fear that 担心，怕……
There is no fear of... 不用怕……
例句；
1）He was shaking with fear.
2）I fear that they must have set off
3）I have a fear that we will be late.
4）There is no fear of his losing his way .

16. reward n报酬，奖金 vt酬劳，奖赏
相关短语：
give /offer a reward to sb for sth 为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of 为酬答……，作为奖励
reward sb for sth 为某事报答某人
reward sb with...for sth 为某事而用……报答某人

二. 重点句型：
1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
　　only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装——采用一般疑问句语序。
　　Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.
　　Only when his father came back did he go to bed. （从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）

2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
the first time相当于连词，引导一个状语从句。如：
一些特殊连词的用法：
1）each time, every time, next time, last time, 表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”，引导时间状语从句
Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City.
I didn’t have any penny last time I saw you .
2）immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as
The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound
The moment professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.

3. we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important , or fight the government.
in which 引导一个定语从句，定语从句中是由either…or连接两个谓语。在“介词+关系代词”结构中关系代词不能省略。
Do you know any shop nearby in which I can buy flowers?
That is the headmaster with whom you shook hands just now.

4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
should have done本来应该做而没有做，相当于ought to have done
should not have done本来不应该做而做，相当于ought not to have done
I should have bought it if I had enough money.
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.

【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. I advised ____ at once.
A. start B. to start C. starting D. we started
2. They say they are ____ their rights.
A. fighting for B. fighting with C. fighting back D. fighting against
3. If you do well in English, I’ll regard you ______ a trip to England.
A. for B. with C. by D. of
4. I’m afraid that your car is ____.
A. in the way B. by the way C. in a way D. all the way
5. The school ____ I had studied only two years was rebuilt.
A. on which B. which C. what D. where
6. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ____ you have a question.
A. at which B. that C. at where D. at the place where
7. It was in 1952 ____ he had opened a black law firm to help the Black.
A. that B. when C. in which D. which
8. She saw a terrible monster, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. this C. that D. which
9. Help me to ____ these balloons, will you?
A. blow up B. blow away C. blow down D. blow out
10. The young swimmer has ____ a new fast time for the backstroke.
A. set up B. set off C. set aside D. set out

二. 阅读理解：
His first successful fight was for the equal rights of black people in South Africa. Then, as the first black president he fought to unite the country and organize the government. Now Nelson Mandela has set his sights on a new enemy, AIDS.
On march 19 the 82-year-old, former president, hosted his second AIDS-awareness concert. He warned that 25 million people in Africa were already infected with the fatal disease.
Mandela was born in a small village in South Africa in 1918. He was adopted by the chief of his tribe(部族) and could have been a chief himself and lived a happy country life.
But he refused to be a chief when his people lived under racial discrimination. He decided to fight for equal rights for all the people in South Africa. Before 1990, under the country’s Racial Segregation Law（种族隔离法）, coloured and white people lived separately. Black people were treated unfairly even when taking a bus. Blacks had to stand at the back of the bus to make room for white people even when there were only a few of them on board.
For his opposition to the system Mandela was arrested and spent 27 years in prison. He was freed in 1990 and became the president of the country after the first elections were held in which everyone could vote.
Mandela was not only a political fighter who attacked with speeches. He was also a trained boxer and fought in the ring when he was young.
“Although I did not enjoy the violence of boxing, I was interested in how one moved one’s body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat（撤退）,” he wrote in his autobiography.
As a skillful fighter, he chose music as his weapon against AIDS. He hopes to win another victory against AIDS.
11. Mandela was arrested when he was_____.
A. 45 B. 27 C. 72 D. 35
12. Choose the best order of the following events of Mandela
1. Mandela was arrested
2. Mandela was born in a small village in South Africa in 1918
3. Nelson Mandela has set his sights on a new enemy, AIDS.
4. Mandela became the president of the country
5. Mandela refused to be the chief of his tribe
A. 21354 B. 25143 C. 25134 D. 21543
13. Why did Mandela refuse to be the chief of his tribe?
A. because he wanted to be a boxer
B. because he was arrested
C. because it’s more important to fight for equal rights for all the people in South Africa.
D. because he needed to fight against AIDS
14. Why was Mandela arrested ?
A. because he refused to be the chief of his tribe
B. because he was infected with AIDS
C. because he fight against Racial Segregation Law
D. because he hurt his rival when boxing

三. 单词拼写
15. Tony works as a person ____（警卫）.
16. He expressed ____（担心） for his missing wife’s safety.
17. I ____（真诚地）hope you’ll pass the coming exam.
18. He is ____（积极的） in various sports.
19. The students have different ____（程度）in ability.　

四. 书面表达
下面图画描述的是星期天你在附近食品店买了包子以后遇到邻居王小姐的情景。请根据图画用英语写一篇日记。
注意：
1. 日记必须包括图画所表达的主要内容, 可以适当增减细节, 使其连贯完整。
2. 结尾部分(第5幅图)要适当发挥。
3. 叙述必须用第一人称。
4. 词数100左右。

April 5 　　　　　　Sunday 　　　　　　　　Fine
This morning I went to a food store nearby to buy some steamed stuffed bun.

【试题答案】
单选题答案：
1—5 C A B AD　　6—10 DADAA

阅读理解答案：
11. A 1990被释放说明是1963年被捕。
12. B 根据时间顺序答题
13. C 根据第三段第一行可知答案
14. C 根据第五段第一行

单词拼写答案：
15. guard 16. fears 17. sincerely 18. active 19. degrees

书面表达答案：
April 5 　　　　　　　　Sunday 　　　　　　Fine
　　This morning I went to a food store nearby to buy some steamed stuffed bun. After the man in the store packed the steamed stuffed bun in a small bag for me, I began to walk home with the bag in my hand. On the way I met Miss Wang, my next-door neighbor, who was taking a walk with a dog. We greeted each other and began to talk about the weather. As we were talking, her dog came up at the bag in my hand because the steamed stuffed bun gave off a delicious smell. As a result, some of the bread fell to the ground and the dog began to enjoy it.
　　What could we do now? Miss Wang had to say sorry with a red face. I gave the steamed stuffed bun up to her dog happily and turned to go to the food store again.

用心 爱心 专心