全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点汇总.pdf

(每日一练每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一全国通用版高中英语必修一 Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4NaturalDisasters 知识点汇总知识点汇总 单选题 1、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to _hasnt done it.AanyoneBthose whoCwhoever thatDsomeone who 答案：D 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知，anyone 可作介词 to 的宾语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用 who/that 引导且不能省略，故 A 项错误；those 作介词 to 的宾语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用 who 引导，who 指代 those，是复数概念，助动词应用 have，故 B 项错误；whoever 引导句子作介词 to 的宾语，且在从句中作主语，连词 that 多余，故 C 项错误；someone 作介词 to 的宾语，关系词在从句中作主语，可用 who 引导，who 指代 someone，是单数概念，助动词用 have，故 D 项正确。故选 D。2、When people talk about the cities of the U.S.,the first_comes into mind is New York.AoneBthatCwhichDof them 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：当人们谈论美国的城市时，首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个；B.that 那个；C.which 那个；D.of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是 the first 是序数词，应该用关系代词 that 引导从句,且 that 在从句中作主语。故选 B 项。3、For many older people,especially those _health issues,poor eyesight makes_ almost impossible on small screens,and their leathery fingers makes _to use touch-screens.Asuffering,reading,it hardBsuffering from,reading,it hard Csuffering from,to read,hardDsuffering,to read,hard 答案：B 考查非谓语动词，代词 it，形容词和短语。句意：对于许多老年人，尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说，视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读，而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知，“_health issues”作定语，修饰 those，suffer from“患病”，suffer“遭受”，由 health issue“健康问题”可知，用 suffer from，与主语 those 是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语；“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法，作宾语用动名词 reading，不定式一般置后；空make 后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”，用形式宾语 it，接形容词 hard 作宾语补足语，综上，故选 B。4、With much heat _ from the sun,the panels _ it into energy _the building.Acapturing;dominate;poweredBcapturing;convert;powered Ccaptured;dominate;poweringDcaptured;convert;powering 答案：D 考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意：利用从太阳捕获的大量热量，电池板将其转化为能源，为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知，第一空作宾补，表示与宾语 heat 之间的被动关系，所以应填其过去分词形式captured；第二空填谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，convert.into.为固定搭配，表示“将.转换为.”，符合语境，dominate“统治，支配”，不合语境；第三空填现在分词 powering 作后置定语，表示“提供动力”，修饰名词 energy，表示与其逻辑主语 energy 之间的主动关系。故选 D 项。5、That is the famous university _my friend and I visited last summer vacation.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhat 答案：C 考查定语从句关系词。句意：那是我和朋友去年暑假参观的著名大学。此处是定语从句，先行词等于关系词，先行词是 the famous university，指物，在从句中做宾语，因先行词在主句中作表语，只能用关系代词 that。故选 C 项。6、We should do all _ is useful to people.AwhoBthatCitDwhich 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A.who 谁；B.that 那个，引导从句；C.it 它；D.which 哪个。根据句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是 all，排除 D。引导词用 that，在从句中作主语。故选 B。7、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,_ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.AbecauseBas ifCalthoughDin case 答案：A 考查连词辨析。句意：回收能减少碳排放，因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A.because 因为；B.as if 好像；C.although 尽管；D.in case 以防。由语意可知，后面一个分句是前面分句的原因，用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选 A 项。8、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique_ into the influence of music on children,so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.AprivilegeBlibertyCinsightDemergency 答案：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解，所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A.privilege 特权；B.liberty 自由；C.insight 洞察力，见解；D.emergency 紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知，此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选 C。9、Try to avoid such things _will do you harm,unless you dont care about the rumors from all directions.AthatBasCwhichDas that 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言，否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词 things 被 such 修饰，所以应用关系代词 as。故选 B。10、Two“stolen”notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag _the original blue box _the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.Acontaining,whereBto contain,whichCcontaining,/Dto contain,that 答案：C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：两本被偷的查尔斯 达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里，里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知，第一空处动词 contain(包含，装着)作后置定语修饰名词 a bright pink gift bag，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 a bright pink gift bag 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动；第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the original blue box，先行词在定语从句中作介词 in 后的宾语，应用关系代词 which 或 that 引导该定语从句，且可省略。故选 C 项。11、She took photographs of the things and people _ she was interested in.AwhatBwhichCthatDof whom 答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知 she was interested in 为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知，先行词既指人又指物，且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词 that引导。故选 C 项。12、The police found the two“stolen”notebooks were left in a gift bag_the original blue box_the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.Acontaining;whereBto contain;whichCcontaining;/Dto contain;that 答案：C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：警方发现，这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词，contain 与逻辑主语 a gift bag为主谓关系，应用现在分词 containing，作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句，先行词为 the original blue box，在限制性定语从句中作介词 in 的宾语，为物，设空处可用关系代词 that/which，也可省略。故选 C 项。13、Grandma said she was feeling okay,but I think I could _ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.AexperienceBdetectCshowDsuffer 答案：B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶说她感觉很好，但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历；B.detect 察觉；C.show 展示；D.suffer 遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知，句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”，空格处意为“察觉”，故选 B。14、A sport with a broom on ice _ requires bowling _ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.Athat precisionBthat diversity C/precisionD/diversity 答案：A 考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意：冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动，它在冰上要使用冰刷，这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度；diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句，先行词是 sport，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 that 或 which，且不能省略；第二个空处考查名词词义辨析，根据常识可知，冰壶要求精准度，应用名词 precision。故选 A 项。15、The war and the suffering _ caused had great effects on him.AthatBwhichCasDit 答案：D 考查代词。句意：战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为the war and the suffering，谓语动词为 had，主谓之间为限定性定语从句，修饰名词 suffering；根据句意分析，是“战争”带来了痛苦，先行词 suffering，为物，在定语从句中作 caused 的宾语，从句可用关系代词 that 或which 引导，也可省略关系代词；但是定语从句还缺少主语 the war，此处选指示代词 it，指代 the war。本句完整的表达为：The war and the suffering(that/which)it caused had great effects on him.故选 D 项。16、It is the time _ you spent on your rose _ makes your rose so important.Awhen;thatBwhich;whatCthat;whichDwhich;that 答案：D 考查定语从句，强调句。句意：是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知，第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句，先行词为 time，从句中缺少宾语，因此需要使用关系代词 which，根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that”可知，第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调，因此需要使用 that。故选 D。17、The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate.AwhosBwhoseCthatDof which 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是man，关系词在从句中作定语，和 coat 是所属关系，应用 whose 引导。故选 B 项。18、Memories of tears and laughters came _ as he visited his secondary school.Aflooding backBflooding inCflooded backDflooded in 答案：A 考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意：当他参观他的中学时，泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入，大量地涌到”；flood back 意为“涌回”；固定短语搭配 come flooding back，意为“潮水般涌回心头”；flood 与逻辑主语 Memories 为主谓关系，应用现在分词。故选 A 项。19、He bought a new building _top is different from those of the others around.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhose 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：他买了一幢新楼，它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 building，_top is different from those of the others around 是定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作 top 的定语，指楼的顶部，用关系代词 whose 引导。故选 D。20、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment _ we could never neglect.AasBthatCwhereDwhen 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail 在定语从句中作 neglect 的宾语，且先行词被 such 修饰，故用关系代词 as。故选 A 项。21、One day,an idea _ Waters that maybe her cooking could help her make some money.AstruckBbeatCoccurredDrecalled 答案：A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，沃特斯突然想到，也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A.struck 击打，突然想到；B.beat 打败；C.occurred 出现，（想法）产生；D.recalled 回想起。根据句意可知，句中表达了“突然想到”的含义，需要用到 sth.strikes sb.或 sth.occurs to sb.来表示；此处为一般过去时，所以动词要用过去式。故选 A 项。22、I live next door to a couple_ children often make a lot of noise.AwhyBwhoseCthatDwhich 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 couple，先行词在从句中作定语，用关系代词 whose。故选 B。23、I felt _ than when we were moving towards it.AcalmlyBmore calmCcalmestDcalmer 答案：B 考查形容词比较级。句意：我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than 前面用比较级，calm 的比较级是more calm，在系动词 felt 后做表语。故选 B。24、From monuments _define history,to towering skyscrapers,to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge,youll be treated to spectacular views.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhose 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：从定义历史的纪念碑，到高耸的摩天大楼，到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔，您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 monuments，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词 that 或which 引导。故选 B。25、As a respected zoological institution,SeaWorld not only _,rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously _ conservation and scientific research.Arescues focuses onBrescues funds Creleases focuses onDreleases funds 答案：B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构，海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物，让它们回归自然，而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue 搭救，解救；release 释放，解放；focus on集中精力于；fund 资助。分析句子可知，第一空“解救，治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序，因此填 rescue；第二空，根据空前 generously 可知，此空填拨款，资助。故选 B 项。26、The exact year _ Lucia and her family spent together in China was _ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.Awhich;whereBwhen;when Cwhich;whenDwhen;that 答案：C 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是 year，指物，从句中的 spent 缺少宾语，应用关系代词 which/that 引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句需要时间状语，应用 when 引导。综上，故选 C。小提示：27、During the pandemic,all patients and their families,without _,must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.ApermissionBeffortCexceptionDaccess 答案：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A.permission 许可；B.effort 努力；C.exception 例外；D.access 通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属，无一例外，“exception”意为“例外”，名词词性，“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选 C 项。28、The only thing_can be done is to stop them from going there.AthatBwhichCwhatDwho 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构，_can be done 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 The only thing，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，当先行词被 the only 修饰时，用 that 不用which，故选 A。29、Public schools in the United States have to be neutral about religion _ they close for holidays like Christmas.Ain caseBas ifCin thatDeven though 答案：D 考查让步状语从句。句意：美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立，即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防；B.as if 似乎；好像；C.in that 因为；D.even though 即使。结合句意可知，学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课，美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系，选项 D 符合题意，故选 D。30、It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Black _ they did the experiment.Athat;whereBwhich;that Cwhom;thatDwhich;where 答案：B 考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：他们是在 Black 教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是 lab，关系词在从句中作主语，应用 that 或 which 引导；第二空和句首的 It was 构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语 in the lab，故此处用 that。故选 B 项。完成句子 31、你在其他任何地方都不可能找到像开化国家森林公园这么宁静、美丽的地方，它的美无法形容。Nowhere else _ such a quiet and beautiful place _ Kaihua National Forest Park,_ beauty is beyond description.答案：can you find as whose 考查倒装和定语从句。否定词 nowhere 放在句首，主句用部分倒装结构。such.as.如此以至于。句中先行词为 Kaihua National Forest Park，在非限定性定语从句中作名词 beauty 的定语，所以用关系代词 whose引导。根据句意，故填 can you find；as；whose。32、他在事故中幸免于难。He was lucky enough to_.答案：survive the accident 考查动词原形。根据句子结构，此处考查固定搭配“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”，根据句意和汉语提示，设空处缺“在事故中免于难”，可表达为动词短语 survive the accident，survive 为及物动词，此处用动词原形。故填 survive the accident。33、为了隐藏他的悲伤，他说着笑着，似乎没有发生过任何事。(虚拟语气)In order to _,he talked and laughed _.答案：hide his sadness as if nothing had happened 考查动词原形和虚拟语气。in order to do sth.(为了做某事)，hide(隐藏)用动词原形形式，his sadness 作宾语，as if(似乎、好像)引导方式状语从句，由 talked and laughed 可知，与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词 happen 用过去完成时。故填hide his sadness；as if nothing had happened。34、为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。Many shelters were set up for _ had been destroyed.答案：those whose homes 考查定语从句、代词和名词。根据句子结构和句意“那些房屋被毁的人”可知，空格处应用定语从句“those whose homes”，先行词为 those，代指人，homes 为可数名词复数形式，意为“房屋”，在从句中作主语，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰 homes，故用关系代词 whose 引导从句。故填 those whose homes。35、我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。Our team has scored another goal.It looks_.答案：as if we are going to win the game 考查表语从句。结合句意可知，空处用 as if“好像”引导表语从句，“赢得比赛”译为 win the game，根据“Our team has scored another goal.”可知，空处表示符合实际情况或很快要实现的事，无需用虚拟语气，应用一般将来时，表示有迹象要发生的事情，用 be going to do 结构，故填 as if we are going to win the game。36、他直接上床睡觉了，没有关电视。He went to bed straight,_.答案：leaving the television on 考查现在分词。“没有关电视”也就是他上床睡觉的时候，电视仍然处于开着的状态，用“leave sb./sth.+adj./介词短语/现在分词/过去分词”来表示“使处于某种状态”，“使电视处于开着的状态”译为：leave the television on。分析句子成分可知 leave 应作伴随状语，与主语 he 是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填 leaving the television on。37、她说话的口气好像以前去过那儿似的。She talks_ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：as if she had been there before 考查方式状语从句和虚拟语气。表示“好像”应用 as if 引导方式状语从句，由语意可知，从句部分应用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，即用 had done 结构，故表示“好像她以前去过那里”应为as if she had been there before。故空处 1 填 as，空处 2 填 if，空处 3 填 she，空处 4 填 had，空处 5 填 been，空处 6 填 there，空处 7 填 before。38、工作人员为那些家已被毁的幸存者建造住所。Workers built shelters for survivors_.答案：whose homes had been destroyed 考查定语从句和时态。根据句意可知，此处涉及定语从句，先行词为 survivors，作定语从句的定语，关系代词为 whose，定语从句为过去完成时的被动语态，主语为 homes，谓语为 had been destroyed。故填whose homes had been destroyed。39、工作不要半途而废。Dont leave your work _.答案：half-done 考查形容词。根据句意可知，此处应填形容词 half-done“半完成的”，leave sth.adj.“让.处于.”，是固定表达，此处形容词为宾补，表明宾语的状态。故填 half-done。40、你昨天告诉我的秘密我不会告诉任何人。I _ _ _ the secret you told me yesterday.答案：wont tell anyone 考查谓语动词和时态。根据句子分析可知，I 为主语，the secret 为宾语，you told me yesterday 是 the secret 的定语从句。此空为谓语动词，表示“不会告诉任何人”，用一般将来时，表示以后不会告诉别人，“告诉某人某事”表达为 tell sb.sth.，故填 wont tell anyone。小提示：语法填空 41、.(2022 年新高考 I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.（用适当的词填空）答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 species，且先行词被 all 修饰，从句缺少主语，只能用关系代词 that。故填 that。42、In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program,one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.（用适当的词填空）答案：whose 考查定语从句。句意：1963 年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的部分为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the World Food Program（世界粮食计划署），作从句中 purposes 的定语，表示所属关系，用关系代词 whose 引导。故填：whose。43、He got up late and hurried to his office,_(leave)the breakfast untouched.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：leaving 考查现在分词做状语。句意：他起得很晚，匆匆赶到办公室，早餐还没动。固定短语：leave sth.undone 某事没有被做。分析句子可知，本句的谓语为 get up 和 hurry，所以动词 leave 要用非谓语，主语 he 和 leave 为主谓关系，所以 leave 用现在分词作结果状语，表示理所应当的结果。故填 leaving。44、It _(strike)me that the setting of the story is in such an era when the girls education was second to the boys.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：struck 考查动词时态。句意：我突然想到，故事的背景是在这样一个女孩受教育次于男孩的时代。陈述过去的动作，谓语动词应用一般过去时态。strike 的过去式为 struck，此处考查句型 It struck sb that.，意为“我突然想到”。故填 struck。45、He walked slowly,his hands_(bury)in his pockets.（所给词的适当形式填空）答案：buried 考查非谓语动词。句意：他慢慢地走着，双手插在口袋里。分析句子结构可知，句子为独立主格结构。bury与 his hands 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填 buried。46、After _(suffer)from insomnia(失眠)for a few months,I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted.（所给词的适当形式填空)答案：suffering 考查动名词。句意：经过几个月的失眠，我感到身心疲惫。介词 after 后需接动名词作宾语。故填 suffering。47、They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.(用适当的词填空)答案：who 考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。空处引导定语从句先行词为 masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。48、Those _ have made achievements in their careers are worthy of respect.（用适当的词填空）答案：who 考查连词。句意：那些在事业上取得成就的人是值得尊敬的。分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是 Those，指人，且定语从句中缺少主语应用 who 来引导，注意当先行词为人称代词 those 时候，连词只能为 who，不可用 that。故填 who。49、The suggestion _ he came up with is practical.（用适当的词填空）答案：that#which#不填 考查定语从句。句意：他提出的建议很实际。“_ he came up with”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the suggestion，指物，且从句缺少宾语，应用 that 或 which 来引导，此处也可以省略关系代词，故填that/which/不填。50、When you recite,you read aloud a poem or piece of literature _ you have learned.（用适当的词填空）答案：which#that 考查定语从句。句意：当你背诵时，你大声朗读你所学的一首诗或一篇文学作品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是 a poem or piece of literature，指物，在从句中作 learn 的宾语，应用关系代词 which 或 that 引导。故填 which 或 that。