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宾语从句教学设计
一、 导入
1. 复习什么是宾语。动词或介词后面的名词就是宾语。
I know him.
We are talking about our homework.
2. 宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。
I know him.
I know that he is seven years old.
说出两个句子的宾语,说出两个句子的宾语是词/词组还是句子。
说出下面句子的主句和从句:
A. He said that he was happy.
B. I don’t know whether /if they will come.
C. He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
D. He asked me how he could get to the nearest post station.
总结:
二、 宾语从句讲解
初步认识了宾语从句,下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素:
引导词/连接词;语序;时态
1. 引导词/连接词
功能
例词
从属连词
只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分
that,if, whether
连接代词
既起连接作用,又在从句中充当一定的成分
who, whose, whom, which, what
连接副词
既起连接作用,又在从句中作状语
where, when, why, how
1)从属连词that引导陈述句的宾语从句,that在句中没有词义,在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,在口语中常省略:
I hear (that)he will be back in one hour.
2)由从属连词whether,if 引导的一般疑问句的宾语从句,意思是“是否“,比如上面的句B: I don’t know whether /if they will come.
3)由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how引导的特殊疑问句的宾语从句。连接代词和连接副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担当一定的成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略,比如上面的句子D。He asked me how he could get to the nearest post station.
注意:关于是否if 和whether的一些特殊用法
whether/if引导宾语从句,意思是“是否”,在从句中不充当句子成分,if和whether可以互换,但在以下情境中只能用whether不能用if。
a. whether 和 or not 连用
b.用于介词宾语
c. 后跟不定式
I don’t know ________he will come or not.
I don’t care about_________ he is handsome.
He wondered _______ to stay here next week.
2. 语序
继续观察上面的句子,我们来看一下宾语从句的语序:
A. He said that he was happy.
B. I don’t know whether /if they will come.
C. He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
D. He asked me how he could get to the nearest post station.
总结:不论宾语从句是一个陈述句,一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句之后都要用陈述语序,也就是主语在前,谓语在后的结构。
改写宾语从句:
陈述句:Doctor Li is very patient.
It is well- known that _____.
一般疑问句:Is Doctor Li very patient?
John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引导)
特殊疑问句:How is Doctor Li?
John wants to know ____
注意:当引导词做宾语从句的主语时,从句的语序不变,比如常见的who和what
Could you tell me who knows the answer?
Could you tell me what is wrong with him?
Could you tell me what is the matter with him?
例如:
Could you tell me who is over there? (who 在从句中做主语)
Could you tell me who he is?
3. 时态
1). 当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。
He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor.
他说莉莉是(将要成为/过去是)医生。
I’ll tell you what I am doing (did/shall do).
我会告诉你我正在做(过去做/将要做)什么。
2). 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。 (一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)
He said that Lily was(would be/ had been) a doctor.
3). 从句表示普通真理时,即使主句的谓语动词是过去时,从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。
The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth. 老师告诉我们,月亮绕地球转。
注意:
当情态动词would、 could表示委婉,客气的语气时,从句的时态则不受主句的限制。比如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the post station.
当从句中有具体的表示过去的时间状语,那么即使从句动作发生在主句之前,从句还是要用一般过去时。比如:
I heard that he went to Paris last night.
4. 宾语从句中的特殊句式:
1)在动词 think, find, consider等词后悔跟一个it 做形式宾语,而后面的that从句才是真正的宾语。比如:I find it impossible that he should finish his task in two days.
2)在think, believe等动词引起的宾语从句中,如果否定的是后面的从句,一般要将主句动词改为否定形式,而从句仍然用肯定式。
I don’t think you are right.(不用I think you are not right.)我认为你不对。
三、巩固训练
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