王衡高中语法讲第讲过去分词高考四轮复习法市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,育英视频学习网:,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,王衡高中英语语法25讲,育英科技 王衡老师,高考四轮复习法第一轮,1/53,1,第18讲 过去分词,2/53,2,组成形式,“动词原形+ed”,规则形式:,e.g.,open love study stop,不规则形式：,e.g.,cost bend keep fight break rise swim,过去分词没有时态和语态改变,I,过去分词组成形式,opened,loved,studied,stopped,cost,bent,kept,fought,broken,risen,swum,3/53,3,II,过去分词性质,过去分词现有,动词,性质，也有,形容词,和,副词,性质,1)动词性质表现为:能够有自己状语并组成过去分词短语。,He likes to read the books,written by,Lu Xun,.(过去分词短语,),2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作,定语,、,表语,、,状语,、,补足语,等。,译：他喜欢读,鲁迅写,书。,4/53,4,名称,语 法 功 能,主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语,不定,式,动名,词,现在,分词,过去,分词,5/53,5,done作状语,被动关系,不强调时间先后,Ving作状语,主动有时间前后,被动ved没有时间关系，所以，表示被动而且有时间先后次序，用having been done,To do 做状语,表目标,6/53,6,2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：,1).,Given,a chance,I can surprise the world.,2).,Coming,intotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.,3).,Beingtired,theywentonworking.,4).,Havingbeenhit,bythebigboyonthenose,the,littleboybegantocry.,5).Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,looking,ratherpleased.,7/53,7,1)过去分词在句子中能够作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、让步状语等。,2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,过去分词作状语有两大特点：,1)表示被动动作，分词与主语逻辑关系被动；,2)表示已经完成动作。,8/53,8,过去分词作时间状语,1.,When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.,When heated,ice will be changed into water.,9/53,9,2.,When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.,Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,10/53,10,过去分词作原因状语,1.,Since/As she was given,advice,by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.,Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.,11/53,11,2.,Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.,Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.,12/53,12,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,If they had been given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.,Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.,13/53,13,2.,If I am,compared with you,we still have a long way to go.,Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.,14/53,14,过去分词作方式或,伴随,情况状语,1.The hunter left his house,and,he was followed by his dog.,The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.,15/53,15,2.,She sat by the window,and,she was lost in thought.,She sat by the window,lost in thought,.,16/53,16,Although we were exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey,we continued our journey.,Exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey.,过去分词作让步状语,17/53,17,Following,the old man,we went upstairs.,(跟着那个老人,我们上了楼),2.,Followed by,the old man,we went upstairs.,(被那个老人跟着,我们上了楼),Compare,18/53,18,3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。,_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen,4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。,_ from the space,the astronaut could not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seen,B,A,19/53,19,过去分词作定语,过去分词作定语与其所修饰词之间存在着逻辑上,被动关系,且表示该,动作已经完成,。单个过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰词前面；分词短语作定语时,须置于被修饰词后面,。,20/53,20,定语窍门：1、看主被动2、看不定式时间状语,1、done,被动关系,时间先后,2、Ving作定语没有完成式,主动有时间前后,被动表示正被做,3、To do 做定语,表未来，可用被动,21/53,21,1.Last Sunday we went on an,organized,trip to the forest.上周日我们进行了一次有组织去森林旅行。,2.A letter,posted,today will reach him the day after tomorrow.今天寄出信后天他就能收到。,22/53,22,被动意义：,an honored guest,一位受尊敬客人,(受伤工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.,B.完成意义,a retired teacher,一位退休教师,They are cleaning,(落叶)in the yard.,The injured workers,the fallen leaves,23/53,23,过去分词作定语前置和后置两种情况,单个过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。,1.前置定语,24/53,24,过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词之后,它作用相当于一个定语从句。,This will be the best novel of its kind,ever written,.,=,Who were the so-called guests invited,(=)to your party last night?,that has ever been written,who had been invited,2.后置定语,25/53,25,假如被修饰词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所组成复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词后面。,比如：,Is there anything,unsolved,?,There is noting,changed,here since I left this town.,注意:,26/53,26,被动,主动,主动,语态,动作已经完成,(同时)进行,(之后)未来,时间先后,(与谓语动词),-ed,-ing,to do,作定语,27/53,27,-ing和-ed形容词,单个-ed/-ed,前置,-ing+名词：表示用途,a swimming pool=a pool for swimming,a reading room=a room for reading,28/53,28,The girl,who is sitting in the corner,is adorable.,The girl,who was criticized is playing now,The girl,who will take park in exam tomorrow is playing,now,We visit a temple,which was built 200 years ago.,We visit a temple,which is being rebuilt now.,We visit a temple,which will be rebuilt next year.,后置定语相当于省略定语从句,29/53,29,The girl,who has passed the exam,is my gf.,错(完成式不能作定语),having,30/53,30,a moving film,the moved audience,an exciting news,a broken heart,an interesting story,a satisfied smile,-ing形容词多修饰物,-ed形容词多修饰人或与人相关物,31/53,31,He is_.,He has a _ look on his face.,frightened/frightening,frightened/frightening,frightened,frightening,32/53,32,Everyonewas_bythe_ story.(move),Hewas_withthe_person.(annoy),moved,moving,annoyed,annoying,33/53,33,Poor boy!His _ looks and _hands,suggested he was very afraid.,A.frightening;trembling,B.frightened;trembled,C.frightening;trembled,D.frightened;trembling,D,34/53,34,The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(上海),A.to smell B.smelling,C.smelt D.to be smelt,B,35/53,35,现在分词作定语，它与被修饰名词存在着逻辑上,主谓关系,，而且该动词,动作正在进行,。,过去分词做定语时，它与被修饰名词存在着逻辑上有,动宾关系,，而且该动词,动作已经发生,了。,现在分词与过去分词作定语区分,36/53,36,习题：,I m very thirsty.,Youd better drink some _ water.,A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.to be boiled,析,C,单个分词作定语放在所修饰名词之前。,现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成,。,37/53,37,A.held B.to be held,C.holding D.being holding,析,过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词(词组)之后，与其所修饰名词(词组是)动宾关系,且动作已经完成。,译:公元前776年举行奥运会只连续了一天。,2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C.lasted for only one day.,A,38/53,38,析,过去分词invited作定语修饰指示代词those,意为“被邀请那些人”,二者是动宾（被动）关系。,th,ose invited=those people who have been invited,单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰名词之前,不过something、anything、nobody、nothing、those等代词定语需后置。,3.,Please dont forget him.He is one of _.,A.those invited B.invited those,C.those inviting D.inviting those,A,39/53,39,用过去分词充当宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语，,表示动作已经完成或结束,。能用作宾语补足语过去分词普通都是及物动词，,表示被动意义或已完成意义,，有时候二者兼而有之。,作宾语补足语过去分词与宾语有逻辑上动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作对象,。,After waking up,I found everyone gone.,The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard.,They found their new bikes stolen.,40/53,40,1.在feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态动词之后，表示感受到某人或某事被做。,I was sleeping when I heard my name,called,.,He was disappointed to find his,suggestions,turned down.,41/53,41,see,watch do,hear +sb./sth.+doing,feel done,notice,被动句还原to,感 官 动 词,42/53,42,I saw two boys,fight with each other,.,Two boys were seen,to fight with each other,.,宾语补足语,46,43/53,43,do,have/make/let+sth./sb.doing,done,to do,get/leave+sth./sb.doing,done,doing,keep sb./sth,done,被动句还原to,2使 役 动 词,44/53,44,3.,表示“意欲；命令”动词如like,order,want,wish，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。,I wish these letters(to be)typed as soon as possible.,He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.,45/53,45,“with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands,tied,behind his back.With water,heated,we can see the steam.With the matter,settled,we all went home.,4.“with 宾语过去分词”结构,46/53,46,过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作承受者；现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语是动作执行者。试比较：,I found him lying on the grass just now.,I found him knocked down by a car.,区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语,47/53,47,过去分词强调他们之间被动关系，不定式强调动发生全过程，现在分词强调它们之间主动关系。,I saw her come into the classroom.,I saw her coming into the classroom.,I saw her taken out of the classroom.,过去分词与不定式，现在分词作宾语补足语区分,48/53,48,1.You,seem,frightened.,你似乎受了惊吓。,2.They,are,excited.,3.He,looked,worried,after reading the letter.,4.Everyone present,is,very,inspired,at his speech,听了他讲话，在场全部些人都很振奋,二、过去分词作_,表语,过去分词作表语，即在,主-系-表,句型中表示主语,特点,或,所处状态,，表语前系动词有包含,be动词,在内各种形式。,49/53,49,系动词分类：,“似乎类”,：,“感觉类”,：,“变成类”,：,“依然类”,：,基本形式,：,Be(am,is,are),seem,appear,look,feel,sound,smell,taste,become,go,get,grow,fall,turn,remain,continue,stay,keep,50/53,50,注意：,表示被动意义主动结构,1.,一些连系动词,如smell;taste;feel;sound;prove等,2,.一些用来表示主语内在品质或性能及物动词,如read;sell;wash;clean;cut;等,3.,一些表”发生(happen/take place),属于（belong to）暴发(break out)和传输(spread)”不及物动词,Cotton,feels,soft,.(adj.),The book,sells,well,.(adv.),Great changes,has taken place,in the past 2 decades.,51/53,51,What he said was _(encourage).,We were _(encourage)at what he said.,The football game is very _(bore).,We were _(bore)at the football game.,The girl _(dress)in red is my daughter.,The results were very _(disappoint).,V-ing 与V-ed 作表语区分,encouraging,encouraged,boring,bored,V-ing 修饰物，翻译为“使人感到-”,V-ed 修饰人，翻译为“感到”,dressed,disappointing,52/53,52,This river,is polluted,.,（过去分词作表语，表状态）,译：这条河被污染了,This river was,polluted,by the chemical plant,.,（过去分词组成被动语态，表动作）,译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染。,过去分词作表语和被动语态区分：,The windows are closed,.,译：窗户是关着。,The windows were closed by Jack.,译：窗户是被杰克关起来,过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作发出者。,53/53,53,