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Unit4 Earthquakes-Grammar Attributive Clause (定语从句) 第一课时 项 目 内 容 教材分析 课程标准的总目标是培养学生综合语言运用能力。定语从句是高中阶段非常重要的语法。掌握定语从句能够更好的帮助学生掌握语言技能,掌握阅读技巧。从而提高学生的综合语言运用能力。 学情分析 在九年级英语学习中,学生已经接触过了一些定语从句结构,但仍然很难将语法转化为“学用结合”阶段。特别是在我农村校中,学生的基础还是比较薄弱,对于英语语法的理解和运用有一定的差距。本次教学活动,通过研究型学习模式,在教学的各个环节创设情境及任务, 强调学生在学习过程中的主体性, 在各个小组成员的合作下,运用已经学过的语言和本节课学习的新的语言项目完成任务。 教学目标[知识与技能(能力)、过程与方法、情感态度和价值观] ★Teaching aims: 1. Get students to review the Attributive Clause (restrictive) and know the usage and functions of relatives. 2. Enable the students to learn the ability of dealing with the Attributive Clause. 3. Develop students’ skills at describing the people and further develop the ability in communication especially when the attributive clause is used. 4. To help the students form the habit of independent learning and become willing to cooperate with the members in the group. 重 点 与 难 点 ★Teaching important points: 1. Help the students reconstruct the knowledge of grammar--- the Attributive Clause (restrictive). 2. Get students to know the basic usage of relative pronouns and relative adverbs. 3. Get students to know the difference that&which. ★Teaching difficult points: 1.To know the difference between that&which; 2.To know how to use the relative pronouns and relative adverbs properly. 教学设想 ★Teaching methods: 1.Presentation, practice 2.Discussion. 3. cooperation ★Teaching aids: pictures,computers Teaching Steps:(教学步骤) Step1.导入 一、定语及定语从句的概念: a beautiful girl a handsome boy a clever child a girl in red 1、 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。 This is the boy who is clever. 2、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定义:在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 定语从句的特点: 位置: 2.先行词:3.关系词(引导词): the handsome the tall the strong boy The boy is Tom. the clever the naughty The boy who is handsome who is tall . who is strong is Tom. who is clever who is naughty ( 设计意图:复习简单的概念入手,引出定语,接受定语的概念和理解定语的作用) Step2: 品读言语名句,分析定语从句的结构和引导词在从句中所起的作用。 1.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 2.He who nothing questions, nothing learns. 3. He that cannot ask cannot live. 4. A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you. 5. God helps those who help themselves. 6. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man 关系代词的作用: 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 (设计意图 :让学生品读,分析,进一步了解定语从句) Step3:详细讲解定语从句语法知识 1.who  指人,在定语从句中作主语,有时也作宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.    正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 分析:先行词the boys 在从句中作主语。      Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.   昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。      That is the teacher who teaches us physics.        那就是教我们物理的老师。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 2.whom  指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。      Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.    刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.      李明正是我想要见的男孩。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 3. whose  通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 4.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.   足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 The house which is by the lake looks nice.   湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.        分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 5.that 引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也可以指物。指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?   我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿? 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind.   你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 The season that / comes after spring is summer.   春天以后的季节是夏季。 Yesterday I received a letter that /_______ came from Australia.   昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 (二) 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.  when  指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。      I still remember the day when I first came to this school.    我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。     分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 The time when we got together finally arrived.       我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。      October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.       1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 把这个句子改成两个简单句:__________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。      Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.       你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗? 把这个句子改成两个简单句:___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 2.  where  指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born.  上海是我出生的城市。 把这个句子改成两个简单句:________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  我十年前住的房子已被拆掉了。 把这个句子改成两个简单句:___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .  我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 Is this the place where they fought the enemy?  这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗? 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 3.  why  指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.  请告诉我你误机的原因。 分析:先行词__________ 在从句中作________。 (设计意图:让学生学会分析和归纳掌握关系词的实质,深刻的理解和运用定语从句。) 结论: Step5 定语从句考查重点: 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用which指物。(指人时可以用who/whom) 1. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。 3. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。 4. 当先行词被表示“正是”的the very, the only修饰时。 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。 6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。 (巩固练习见part2 ) Step 7 小组活动 每组分发3至5张的人物照片,要求学生共同完成短文(使用定语从句).在教师所提供的这些人物照片中,既有文化名人,科学先驱,也有体坛健将,娱乐明星,这样可以在激发学生想象力的同时,培养其人文素养. A game called “Who is he? Who is she?” describe him or her to you using the structure of the Attributive Clause to help other students imagine the people and make aguess. (设计意图:通过游戏进一步理解关系词的实质,设置情境,学以致用。) Step 8 作业 Write a short passage to describe a person within no less than 100 (at least 5 sentences in the Attributive Clause). 板书设计: The Attributive clause Relative pronouns Who,whom,which,whose,that Relative adverbs When,where,why The way to deal with The Attributive clause • 1.先行词; • 2.从句 • 3.成分 • 4.关系词 Part2 Practice 1. Do you know the girl _____ is talking with your mother? A. who B. which C. whose D. / 2. This is the kite _______ Billy Fisher gave to Tom A. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C 3. He was the only one ______ was saved in the earthquake. A. who B. that C. which D. A and B 4. This is the only present _____ I like. A. who B. that C. which D. B and C 5. This is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever seen. A. which B. who C. where D. / 6. All _______ I can do is to give him some money. A. that B. which C. who D. what 7. Is there anything else _____ you need? A. which B. that C. who D. what 8. The museum _____ we visited last week isn’t far from here. A. where B. which C. what D. who 9. Most of the people ____ lost their lives in the earthquake are Sichuan natives. A. when B. who C. how D. which 10. The boy ____ you saw just now is Tom’s brother. A. which B. whose C. when D. / 11. The bike and its rider _____ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 12. Is this the factory _____ you worked five years ago? A. in which B. in where C. in that D. that 教学反思:这堂课是给高一基础班上的一堂语法课,考虑到学生普遍基础较差,我选择了从定语从句最基本的成分定语作为切入点,让学生先了解定语的作用后引出定语从句和它的三要素。然后引导学生进行主从句的辨认和讲解,让学生最后归纳出定语从句的关系词与先行词之间的关系,学会判断关系词。最后引入课堂活动,通过活动让学生初步的学会运用定语从句来描述。上完后对于基础学生大部分都能掌握简单的定语从句,不足的地方就是基础概念讲述过多,而赏析的好句子不够准确不够充分。输入的时候可以选用更加精确和优美的含有定语从句的段落或句子,让学生能够更加深刻的体会复句的经典和精妙。这是需要改进的地方。以后的教学中会更多的考虑收集这方面的素材。 7
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