资源描述
Grammar: Nouns
Contents:
1. 名词的分类
2. 名词的数
3. 名词所有格
4. 名词习题
5. 课堂调味料
Part One : 名词的分类
名
词
专有名词
指人,地方,团体,机构等特有的名称(第一个字母必须大写)
Melody, Canada,
Spring Festival
UUFL
普
通
名
词
可数
名词
个体名词
某类人或事物中的个体
taxi, desk, teacher,
car
集体名词
表示若干个体组成的集合体
family, army, team, class
不可数
名词
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质或实物
air, water, tea, money
抽象名词
表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念
time, health, honesty, love
Part Two名词的数
一.可数名词的单复数
名词有可数和不可数之分,表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词。可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。单数可数名词前面一般要用不定冠词a/an;复数可数名词是在单数可数名词后面加“-s”或“-es”,且前面不能用不定冠词a/an.
单数
a dog 一只狗
复数
three dogs 三只狗
an apple 一个苹果
many apples 许多苹果
可数名词单数变复数
构成法
例词
一般情况
词尾加-s
cups, cats, cakes, flags, keys,
以s, x, ch, sh结尾
加-es
classes, boxes, watches, brushes
以辅音+y结尾
变y为i,加es
cities, countries, factories
以元音+y结尾
加-s
boys, toys, days
以o 结尾
加-es
heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, negroes
加-s
bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos
以f, fe结尾
变f, fe为v,再加-es
leaf-leaves life-lives wife-wives thief-thieves knife-knives
加-s
roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs
不规则变化
记忆
child—children,mouse—mice, man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,
【速记口诀】
★ 单数变复数,规则要记住,
一般加s,特殊有几处:
末尾字母o,大多加s,
两人有两菜,es不离口,
词尾f、fe,s前有v和e;
没有规则词,必须单独记。
【注释】以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;
★ 以 -f 结尾的名词直接加 -s 变复数歌诀:
海湾边、屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。
【注释】即:gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief,这些名词变复数直接加 -s。
二.不可数名词的计量方法
1.一般用“数字+计量单位+of +名词”表示,(注意:当数字大于一时,表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如:a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议
2.用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词
Part Three名词所有格
形式: 在名词尾加's 和of+名词结构。
一、 在名词尾加's
1.名词的所有格形式主要用于人、国家或动物等有生命的东西:
Lucy's hat, the cat's tail, students’association
2. 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所
3. 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ’",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争,The teachers’ reading-room教员阅览室
4. 表示时间:如a week's holiday一周的休假 today's paper今天的报纸
5. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's理发店
6. 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。例如:
John' s and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)
二.of所有格
表示无生命的东西的名词所有格,一般用“of+名词”,表示所属关系。例如:the capital of Henan, the windows of our classroom 我们教室的窗户, the name of the famous writer 那位名作家的名字,the use of computers 电脑的使用
注:有生命的人有时也可用of构成所有格。如:Might I ask for a photograph of the baby? 我可否要一张这宝宝的照片?
三.双重所有格
在英语中,将-'s所有格(包括名词性物主代词)与of 所有格结合起来所构成的所有格就叫做双重所有格。如a friend of Li Lei’s。在使用双重所有格时要注意以下几点:
(1) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能是专有名词或具有独一无二性质的名词。如不说 Jim of Mrs. Smith’s / a father of Mary’s,可改说 Mrs. Smith’s Jim / Mary’s father。
(2) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能带定冠词,但可带指示代词this, that, these, those,表示某种感情色彩(如赞赏、厌恶等)。如不说 the masterpiece of Tom’s,但可说 this / that masterpiece of Tom’s。
(3) 双重所有格中带-’s所有格的名词通常应是确指的。如不说 a brother of a friend’s,但可说 a friend of my friend’s。
(4) 双重所有格中带-’s所有格的名词通常应是生命的东西。如不说a window of the room’s,应改为a window of the room。
(5) 有时两种所有格均可使用,但所表达的意义不同。比较:
his is a photo of my mother’s. 这是我母亲收藏的一张照片。
This is a photo of my mother. 这是我母亲照的一张照片。
★【速记口诀】
名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,
若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,
词尾有s,仅把逗号择;
并列名词后,各自和共有,
前者分别加,后者最后加;
若为无生命词,of所有格,
前后须倒置,此是硬规则。
【学法指导】
当你需要学习一个名词时
仔细观察它在句子环境中的用法,体会它的意义,注意它的拼写
它是可数名词还是不可数名词
与它搭配的动词和形容词是什么
查字典,了解更多的词义
Part Four 练习:(小升初)
I.写出下列名词的复数形式。
1.watch ____________ 2.strawberry _______________
3.child _____________ 4.thief ____________________
5. photo ____________ 6.diary ____________
7. man doctor_______________ 8.day______________
9.woman nurse_____________ 10.foot______________
11.book____________ 12. peach____________________
13.dress ____________ 14. box______________________
15.tooth____________ 16. baby____________________
2. 单项选择。
( ) 1.Mr Smith is _______father. They are twin sisters.
A. Mary 's and John's B. Mary's and John C. Mary and John's
( ) 2.She needs ___________________.
A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters
( ) 3.There are five______ in our school.
A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers
( ) 4.I'm thirsty. I think I'll buy some______.
A. water B. eggs C. cakes
( ) 5.John bought ___ for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe
( ) 6. There are five ___in our factory.
A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers
( ) 7. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.
A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 8. _____ turn yellow in autumn.
A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs
( ) 9. I met two _____ in the street yesterday morning.
A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese
( ) 10. Nancy has two big ______.
A. ear B. eyes C. legs
3. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
9. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
12.Different people may have different _______(idea).
13.Would you like some ________(tomato)?
14. Jim has some ____________(knife).
15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _______(Lucy).
各地中考题选编:
1. --- Where is Tom?
--- He’s left a ______ saying that he has something important to do.
A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news
2. There is no ______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.
A. room B. a room C. rooms D. seats
3. --- Would you like some ______? --- Oh, yes. Just a little.
A. pears B. oranges C. sugar D. apples
4. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on _______. KEEP IN A COLD
PLACE
A. food B. money C. clothes D. books
5. Mr. Green has lived in the _____ hotel since he came to China.
A. five-star B. five-stars C. five star’s D. five stars
6. She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second _______.
A. home B. family C. house D. place
7. --- What’s the _____ today? --- It’s June 26.
A. day B. date C. time D. hour
8. English is spoken as a first language in ______.
A. the USA B. France C. Japan D. China
9. ______ comes from cows.
A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk
10. Let the children go away. They’re making too much ______ here.
A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds
高考热点
名词词义辨析
名词与介词,动词或形容词的搭配
名词的数和格(写作)
Part Five 课堂调味料
^_~ 脑筋急转弯
☆ 小狗系列。。。
☆ 4个人打麻将,警察来了带走5个人,请问为什么
☆ 三个金鑫,三个水叫淼,三个人叫众,那么三个鬼应该叫什么?
☆ 林黛玉是怎么死的?
☆ 把大象关进冰箱有几个步骤?
☆ 话说动物园开联欢会,有个动物没到,请问是谁?
☆ 猩猩最讨厌什么线?
☆ 哪首歌的第一句歌词里出现了三个人
☆ 有一只白猫和一只黑猫,白猫掉到水里去了,黑猫把它救了上来,白猫对黑猫说了句什么?
☆ 芹菜的屎是什么颜色的
☆ 谁给刘德华喝忘情水?
☆ 小猫、小狗、小鸡谁最先被叫起来背书?
☆ 历史上哪个人跑的最快?
☆ 一个豆摔倒了 为什么只有你能鼓励它
☆ 一个白加一个小白等于什么?
。。。。。。
^_~ 肯德基系列:We do chickens right。这句话怎么翻译?
^_~ What is the longest English word in the world?
。。。。。。
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