初中英语八种时态标志词及基本构成集锦.docx

初中英语八种时态标志词及基本构成集锦
初中英语八种时态标志词及基本构成集锦
初中英语八种时态的常用标志词
1.一般现在时态：
often,usually,always,everyday/week/month/year,sometimes,seldom，onceaweek,twiceaweek,onSundays等。2.一般过去时态：
yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）lastweek（month,year）,twomonthsago,in1990,inthosedays,longlongago=onceuponatimejustnow(刚才)attheageof53.现在进行时态：
now,atthemoment.It’sfouro’clock.nowadays,Look,...Listen,...4.过去进行时态：
this/thattimeyesterday,atthatmomentateighto’clocklastnight,from8to10yesterdaymorning,when,while等引导的时间状语从句等。5.一般将来时态
(1)tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,tomorrowmorning(2)nexttime,nextFriday,nextterm,nextmonth(3)in+一段时间；in+一段时间"s+time(4)soon=rightaway=atonce(5)bytheendof+将来时间(6)later(on);inthefuture6.过去将来时态
（1）thenexttime/Friday/term/month（2）thefollowingmonth(week…)（3）主句为过去时，宾语从句中原来的一般将来时要转换成过去将来时态。7.现在完成时态
(1)already,yet,ever,never,just,before,recently,lately,once(twice..)
sofar,,in/duringthepast/last+一段时间(2)for+一段时间,since+过去某一时间;since+last…;since+一段时间+ago,since+从句.8.过去完成时态
bythetime(of),bytheendof+过去时间when.before.after…+过去时间uptillthen(直到那时);upuntillastnight(直到昨晚)。常常用在主句是过去时的宾语从句中（现在完成时态要调整为过去完成时态）
初中英语八种时态基本结构
一、一般现在时：
基本结构：①主语+be动词+其他；②主语+行为动词+其他
否定形式：①主语+am/is/are+not+其他；②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don"t，主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn"t，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：
基本结构：①主语+be动词+其他；②主语+行为动词+其他
否定形式：①主语+was/were+not+其他；②在行为动词前加didn"t，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：
基本结构：主语+am/is/are+doing+其他.
否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：
基本结构：主语+was/were+doing+其他.
否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、一般将来时：基本结构：①主语+am/is/are/goingto+do+其他；②主语+will/shall+do+其他.否定形式：①主语+am/ia/are+not+goingto+do+其他；②主语+will/shall+not+do+其他.一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。六、过去将来时：
基本结构：①主语+was/were/goingto+do+其他；②主语+would/should+do+其他.否定形式：①主语+was/were+not+goingto+do+其他；②主语+would/should+not+do+其他.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首。七、现在完成时：
基本结构：主语+have/has+done+其他.否定形式：主语+have/has+not+done+其他.一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。八、过去完成时：
基本结构：主语+had+done+其他.否定形式：主语+had+not+done+其他.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
一般现在时
一、用法
1．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。
常用的时间状语有：often,usually,always,everyday/week/month/year,sometimes,seldom，onceaweek,twiceaweek,onSundays等。Igotoschooleveryday.2．表示主语的身份或特征。Hisfatherisadoctor.Tomistall.3．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理。Theearthisround.Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.4．在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
Ifyoudon’tgosoon,you’llbelate.如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。二、构成
动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。1．在动词原形后加-srun→runs
2．以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加-esguesses,fixes,teaches,washes,goes3．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-estry→tries4．以元音字母+y结尾的动词后加-sstay→stays5.have-has三、一般现在时的句型变化。1.肯定句
（1）主语+am/is/are+表语Theyarenewstudents.Iamtall.HeisfromJapan.amisare用法口诀：I用am，you用are，is连着他、她、它；单数用is,复数一律都用are。（2）a.主语+实义动词+其它IreadEnglisheverymorning.
b.单三人称主语+实义动词单三人称+其它Heusuallygoestoschoolbybike.2.否定句
（1）主语+am/is/are+not+表语Sheisnotanurse.
（2）a.主语+don’t+动词原形+其它如：Idon’tplaysoccerafterschool.
b.单三人称主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其它Hedoesn’tgototheparkafterschool.3.一般疑问句
（1）Am/Is/Are+主语+表语？Isyourmotherateacher?（2）a.Do+主语+动词原形+其它？DoyouspeakEnglish?
b.Does+单三人称主语+动词原形+其它？Doesyourbrotherhaveawidemouth?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？Whattimedoesyourmothergetupeveryday?专项练习题
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
1.study________2.play________3.watch_____4.wash_______5.have_______6.ride_______7.take_______8.worry_______9.help_______10.say________11.put________12.teach________13.fly________14.eat________15.go_______16.guess______17.read_______18.do_______19.call________20.cry________二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_____(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._____they____(like)theWorldCup?6.What____theyoften____(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.
9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.Themoon________(travel)roundtheearth.
11.Itusually________(take)memorethantwohourstofinishmyhomework.12.Iwilltellhimthegoodnewsassoonashe________(come)back.13.MissGaoisverybusy.She________(sleep)sixhoursaday.
14.Look!Susan________(dance)inthegarden.Sheoften________(dance)there.15.ThechildrenwillgototheSummerPalaceifit________(notrain)tomorrow.16.I_________anypears(nothave).ButMary_________some(have).
17.Whatlanguage____you_____?(speak)18.Mybrother_____tobeascientist.(notlike)19.We______Japaneseatschool.(notstudy)20.He_____playingfootball.(notlike)三、按照要求改写句子
1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯、否定回答)________________________________________________________
3.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯、否定回答)___________________________________________________
4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)____________________________5.SunYangusuallywashessomeclothesonSaturday.否定句:_____________一般疑问句:________________划线提问:____________6.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.否定句:______________一般疑问句:____________划线提问_____________四、选用所给的词语适当形式填空give,rain,enjoy,sing,return,borrow,keep1.Itoften______inmyhometowninsummer.2.Sometimesthebirds_______inthetree.3.Joeusually____booksfromtheschoollibrary,butshenever_____themontime.4.MayI________thedictionaryforaweek?
5.Thelittleboy________himselfinthegardenonSaturdays.
6.Maryisagoodgirl.Sheoften________meahandwhenIneedsomehelp.
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一般过去时的用法
一、定义：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态；表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。经常与yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）lastweek（month,year）,twomonthsago,in1990,inthosedays,longlongago=onceuponatimejustnow(刚才)attheageof5等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：Iwasbornin1990.Whendidyougotothepark?Iwenttotheparklastweek.二、构成：
1.Be动词(在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词)amis—was;are—were.肯定句：主语+was(were)+宾语如：Iwaslateyesterday.
否定句：主语+was(were)+not+宾语如：Weweren"tlateyesterday.疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+宾语如：Wereyouillyesterday?Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn"t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+宾语如：Whenwereyouborn?2．实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用didn’t,did.
肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语如：Iwenthomeatnineo"clockyesterday.否定句：主语+didn"t+动词原形+宾语如：Ididn"tgohomeyesterday.
疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+宾语Didyougohomeyesterday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn"t.3．动词的过去式构成。规则动词。
1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play—playedwork—worked2）以e结尾的动词只加d.如：like---likedlove—loved3）以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed.如：study—studiedcarry—carried4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed.如：stop—stopped
不规则动词(见不规则动词表)。如:am,is--was
巩固练习题
一、写出下列动词的过去式
is\\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____walk_________eat__________draw________put______hear________write________want_______do________二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.
2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand_______(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.
5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.
She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.
6.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,____(study)forthemathtestand_____(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.9.How_________(be)Jim"sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.
10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.11.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.
12.Mike_______(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate.13.Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.14.There_________(be)noonehereamomentago.
15.Lastweekwe_________(pick)manyapplesonthefarm.16.Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.
17.ShewatchesTVeveryevening.Butshe____________(notwatch)TVlastnight.18．________yourfather________(go)toworkeverydaylastyear?19．Whattime_______you_______(get)toBeijingyesterday?We__________(get)toBeijingat9:00intheevening.20.What__________(make)himcry(哭)justnow?
21.There______(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡)in1940.22.When_______you_________(come)tochina?Lastyear.23.Didshe________(have)supperathome?
24.Jack____________(notclean)theroomjustnow.
25.It______(be)hotyesterdayandmostchildren_______(be)outside.二、句型转换（变一般疑问句，肯否定回答；否定句；划线提问）1.Mybrotherwasintheparkjustnow.
2.HereadanEnglishbooklastweek.
3.Therewereaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.
4.Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.
5.Anndidherhomeworkyesterdayevening.
现在进行时
一、定义：表示现在正在进行的动作。或现阶段正在进行的动作。也表示按计划即将
发生的动作（仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词）。如：Heiscomingtonight.
时间状语：now,atthemoment.It’sfouro’clock.nowadays,Look,...Listen,...二、基本结构：am/is/are+动词ingI’mdoingmyhomework.Heiswriting.
否定形式：am/is/are+not+动词ing.I’mnotdoingmyhomework..Heisnotwriting.一般疑问句：把am/is/are放于句首。
Areyoudoingyourhomework?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.
特殊疑问：疑问词+am/is/are+主语+动词ing?如：Whatareyoudoing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+am/is/are+动词ing?Whoissingingoverthere?动词加ing的变化规则
（1）一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
（2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting
（3）如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，run-running,stop-stopping，sit-sitting，run-running，forget-forgetting，begin-beginning（4）以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y加ing，如：die--dyinglielying专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play____run_____swim____make_____go_____like_____write____ski_____read________dance_____put____see____buy_____love______live____take____come____get__stop_____sit____begin_____shop_____二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy________(draw)apicturenow.
2.Listen.Someone________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother__________(cook)somenicefoodnow.
4.What____you_____(do)now?5.Look.They_______(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They________(not,water)theflowersnow.
7.Look!thegirls_________(dance)intheclassroom.
8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：
1.Theyaredoinghousework.
一般疑问句：__________________否定句：_________________2．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)
3．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)
过去进行时
一、定义：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
时间状语：this/thattimeyesterday,atthatmomentateighto’clocklastnight,from8to10yesterdaymorning,when,while等引导的时间状语从句等。二、基本结构：was/were+动词ing
Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthis/thattimeyesterday.HewaswatchingTVateighto’clocklastnight.ShewasplayingtheviolinwhenIsawher.WhileIwasreading,mymotherwascooking否定形式：was/were+not+动词ing.
Iwasn’tdoingmyhomeworkthis/thattimeyesterday.一般疑问句：把was/were放于句首。
WashewatchingTVateighto’clocklastnight?Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.特殊疑问的基本结构为：
疑问词+was/were+主语+动词ing?Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?过去进行时专项练习：
A．用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Jim_________(write)aletteratthatmoment.
2.Whenthetelephone______(ring),she________(do)herhousework.
3.WhenI________(leave)theparty,thepeople_________(enjoy)themselves.4.Whenmybrother_____(come)intotheroom,I____________(telephone)Mary.5.Whilethechildren_____(play)outside,theirmother____(cook)theirdinner.6.He_________(watch)TVatninelastnight.He_________(watch)TVlastnight.7.What_______thetwins_____(do)then?
8.______Lily______(draw)acatwhentheteachercamein?----No,she______9.______you_______(have)supperatthattime?
10.Jack____________(notread)abookatnineyesterdayevening.11.What______he________(do)atnineo’clocklastnight?B.把下列句子变成否定句，一般疑问句，划线部分提问。1.TheywereplayingfootballwhenIsawthem
2.Hewasdoinghishomeworkateighto’clocklastnight.
C.动词填空：LastSunday,allmyfamily______athome.Myfather_________hiscaroutsideourhouse.Mymother________thehousework.She______(try)tocleanthewholehouseattheweekend.Mygrandmother_____TVinthesofa.I_______computergamesinthemorning.I_______(receive)aphonecalland______shoppingwithmyfriends.Intheevening,ourfamily__________dinnertogether.
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一般将来时
一、定义：表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语(1)tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,tomorrowmorning(2)nexttime,nextFriday,nextterm,nextmonth(3)in+一段时间；in+一段时间"s+time(4)soon=rightaway=atonce(5)bytheendof+将来时间(6)later(on);inthefuture
二、基本结构am/is/aregoingto+动词原形（打算…）Heisgoingtoseehisbrother.will+动词原形（将，会…）（第一人称I/We可专用shall+do...)Iwillstudytomorrow.Ishallmeetthemintwodays.--Shallwegoshoppingafterschool?--Goodidea.肯定句主语+be(am,are,is)goingto//will+动词原形.I’mgoingtostudytomorrow.Iwillstudytomorrow.否定句只须在will或be（am，is，are）后加not；
如Themanagerwon’tagreewithhim.Thepresidentisn’tgoingtovisitthesmalltown.疑问句把will或be提到主语前即可。
Willheagreewithhim?Yes,hewill./No,hewon’t.
Ishegoingtovisitthesmalltown?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.一.用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1.She________(nothave)aconcert(演唱会)nextyear.
2.Roseisill.Oh,Iamsorrytohearthat.I______(go)toseeherthisevening.3.He______(travel)allovertheworld.
4.When______Mike______(arrive)heretomorrow?
5._____________you____________________(be)ateacherwhenyougrowup?6.Where______we________(have)themeetingtomorrow?7.They____________thefarmifitdoesn’trainnextSunday.8.Don’tworry.They________(finish)theworksoon.9.Shewillwritetoyouassoonasshe______(get)there.
10.—When_______you______(do)yourhomework?‖—Thedayaftertomorrow‖二.变换句型。
1.Heisgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow.(疑问句,否定句)
2.Sallywillcomebackinthreehours.（否定句,疑问句,划线部分提问）
3.I’mgoingtogettherebyplane.（否定句,划线部分提问）
4.Theywillgiveusthirtybooks.（划线部分提问）
5.Mymother’sgoingtomakeabirthdaycakeformyfather.（划线部分提问）
过去将来时态
一、定义：它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。时间状语（1）thenexttime/Friday/term/month（2）thefollowingmonth(week…)（3）主句为过去时，宾语从句中原来的一般将来时要转换成过去将来时态。二、构成
A)would+动词原形如：HeaskedmeifIwouldgotheretomorrow.B)was/weregoingto+动词原形
如：Nooneknewwhenhewasgoingtofinishhishomework.
C)come,go,arrive,leave,die等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。如：ShetoldusthatshewasleavingforYunnan.她告诉我们她将要去云南。
专项练习：
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.MissZhangsaidshe________(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.2.Shetoldhimthatshe________(notstay)hereforlong.3.Iwasn’tsurewhetherLucy_______(come)thenextyear.
4.Lucysaidshewillwritetomeassoonasshe______(get)there.5.She________(nothave)aconcertthenextnight.二、单选
()1.Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?
Hetoldmethathe______theDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit
()2.IhopedTina______tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.A.tocomeB.iscomingC.willcomeD.wascoming
()3.Fathersaidthathe______metoBeijingthenextyear.A.tookB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake
()4.Wewerenotsurewhetherthey______morevegetables.
A.aregoingtogrowB.weregoingtogrowC.willgrowD.havegrown（）5.-Wherewillwemeet?--Sorry?-Iasked__________meet.
A.wherewewouldB.whenwewouldC.wherewillweDwherewouldwe（）6.Kenwassobusywhenwesawhim,becausehe_______aspeechthenextday.
A.willmakeB.wouldmakeC.hasmadeD.wasmaking
（）7.IfIhadenoughmoney,I________abighouseformyfather.
A.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.haveboughtD.ambuying
（）8.Tina___________leavewhenImether.
A.wasgoingtoB.wouldC.wasabouttoD.A,BandC
（）9.--Whenwillshecomeback?--Pardon?--Iaskedwhen______________.
A.whenwillshecomebackB.whenshewillcomebackC.whenwouldshecomebackD.whenshewouldcomeback
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现在完成时
一、用法：A过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,yet,never,ever,just,before等连用。B表示从过去开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与for,since,等一段时间状语连用。
时间状语(1)already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once(twice..),recently,lately,sofar,in/duringthepast/last+一段时间
(2)for+一段时间,since+过去某一点时间;since+last…;since+一段时间+ago,since+从句.
二、构成：have/has+过去分词主语是第三人称单数时,助动词用has,其他人称用have.过去分词：规则动词过去分词同过去式，不规则动词需要记忆。三、结构;
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+……Ihaveseenth