时态和语态-2022届高三英语复习语法专题素材.docx

英语学科高中英语语法复习专题讲义
含巩固练习级参考答案
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第_次授课
授课时间
年 月 日星期
学科老师

班主任
教学课题
Lesson 07时态和语态
教学目标
掌握时态及语态的常规用法
教学重、难点
9大时态及其被动语态
教学内容
动词的时态
动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成列表如下:

现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般
ask / asks
asked
will ask
would ask
进行
is / am / are asking
was / were asking
will be asking
would be asking
完成
have / has asked
had asked
will have asked
would have asked
完成进行
have/has been asking
had been asking
will have been asking
would have been a.sking

L 一般体
⑴一般现在时
1 .定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
时间状语：every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes
2 .一般现在时可以表示客观事实或普通真理。
3 .在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。
⑵一般过去时
定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不 这样.
时间状语：then; at that time; just now; three days ago; yesterday; when 或 while 引导的表示过去的 时间状语从句
⑶一般将来时1 / 16
(10)with的复合结构中，不定式做宾语补足语，主动表被动。
有许多难题要解决，新中选的总统是很难的。
With lots of difficult problem to solve, it is hard for the newly elected president.
10/16
L单项选择题目()1 .Unfortunately,when I dropped in, Doctor Li for Beijing to join in the fight against
SARS, so we only had time for a few words.
A. just leftB.has just leftC.is just leaving D. was just leaving()2.——If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.
——What a pity! Tina here to see you.
A. isB.wasC.would beD.has been()3.He me that he here for twenty years by this year.
A. told; teachB. tells; will have been teachingC. told; had taughtD. told; would have been teaching
()4.Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People to ask how Iam going to spend the money.
A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. phoned()5.This is one of the oldest temples in China. It the 9th century.
A. is dated fromB. is dated back toC. was dated fromD. dates back to()6.The new trend of the flowing army of migrant workers the attention of lawmakers
and government advisers who in Beijing for their annual sessions this week.
A. caught; is gatheringB. catch; have gatheredC. are catching; are gatheredD. has caught; are gathering
()7.The fact he didn't recognize me means that I a lot in the past fewyears.
A. that; changedB. which; had changed C. when; changed D. that; have changed()8.Nowadays,a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, in
the clothing industry.
A. is working B. worksC. workD. worked()9.——Mom, the door . My keys are locked in it again.
——You it! I told you always to carry your keys with you.
A. won't open; have asked forB. won*t be opened, have asked forC. won*t open, asked forD. can*t open; are asking for
()10.Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn!t want her parents toknow what she.
A. has doneB. had doneC. was doingD. is doing()11.——Why didn*t you turn up at the meeting?
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——I for a long-distance call from my cousin in England.
A. waitedB. had waitedC. was waitingD. have been waiting()12.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which the
Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is calledC. had been called D. has been called()13.——We that you would fix the radio this Tuesday.
——I'm awfully sorry, sir. I to do so, but you see, I've been too busy.
A. had expected; had meantB. expect; wantC. expected; intendD. am expecting; have intended
()14.The TV play isn't interesting enough .
A. to watchB. to watch itC. to be watched D. watching()15.——Let's see if the baseball game has started yet. -Started? It must be clear who
by now.
A. is winningB.winsC.has wonD.would win()16.——Are you still busy?——Yes, I my work, and it won't take long.
A. just finishB.am just finishingC.have just finishedD.am just going to finish()17.——Hi, Tracy, you look tired.---1 am tired. I the living room all day.
A. paintedB.had paintedC.have been paintingD.have painted()18.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics
by 2016.
A. has been completedB.has completedC. will have been completedD.will have completed
()19. he will return to his native land.
A. It is long before thatB.It is before long thatC. It won't be long beforeD.It will be before long that
()2O.His wife to catch the first train but she was too late.
A. hopingB .had hopedC. has hopedD. would hope()21.Tom said he to her, but he yet.
A. will write; didn*t B. has written; hasn't C. was going to write; wasn*t D. would write; hasn't ()22.Millions of pounds* worth of damage by a storm which swept across the northof England last night.
A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be causedD. will have beencaused
()23.——What are you going to do this afternoon?
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——I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film quite early, so we to the bookstore after that.
A. finished; are goingB. finished; goC. finishes; are goingD. finishes; go
()24.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.
A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away
()25.——What's wrong with your leg?
——I got injured in a car accident.——I suppose you too fast.
A. were driving B. had drivenC. had been drivingD. have driven01-05 DBDDD
06-10 DDCCC11-15 CBAAA
16-20 BCCBB21-25 DACDA
13/16
I.单项选择()1. If city noises from increasing , people shout to be heard even at dinner .
A. are not kept, will have toB. are not kept, haveC. do not keep , will have toD. do not keep , have to
()2. The fifth generation computers , with artificial intelligence ,and perfected now .
A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed
()3. —the sports meet might be put off. - Yes,it all depends on the weather .
A. Pve been told B. Fve toldC. Tm toldD. I told()4.1 need one more stamp before my collection.
A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed()5. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the
near future .
A. cut
B. are cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut

)6. The new suspension bridge by the end of last month .
A. has been designed
B. had been designed C. was designed
D. would be

designed)7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. was broken
D. had been broken
)8. Great changes in the city, and a lot of factories

)8. Great changes in the city, and a lot of factories
A. have been taken place , have been set up
C. have taken place , have set up
()9. That suit over 60 dollars .
B. have taken place , have been set up
D. were taken place , were set up
A. had costed

A. had costed
B. costed
C. is costed
D. cost

()10. — Look! Everything here is under construction . — What's the pretty small house thatfor ?
A. is being built
B. has been built
C. is built
D. is building
()11.— Do you like the material ?
A. is feelingB. felt
()12. It is difficult for a foreigner

()11.— Do you like the material ?
A. is feelingB. felt
()12. It is difficult for a foreigner
—Yes, it very soft.
C. feelsD. is felt
Chinese .

A. write
B. to write
C. to be written
D. written

()13.1 have no more letters, thank you .
A. to typeB. typingC. to be typedD. typed14/16
)14. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it easily .
A. won't wash out
C. isn't washed out
B. wont be washed outD. isn!t washing out
A. be put up
B. give in
C. be turned on
D. go out
)15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to

)16. The computers on the table Professor Smith .
A. belongs
B. are belonged to
C. belongs to
D. belong to
)17. — What do you think of the book ?

)17. — What do you think of the book ?
-Oh , excellent. Its worthy of a second time .

A. to readB. to be readC. reading
()18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed.
A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caught
()19. This page needed again .
A. being checkedB. checkedC. to check
D. being read
D. to catch
D. to be checked
)20.many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises .

)20.many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises .
A. Having taughtB. Having been taughtC. taught
()21. Our house.
A . is getting paintB . is getting paintedC . is got painted
()22. He arrived in Beijing , where he his friend .
D. Teaching
D . has got to paint
A . was met by

A . was met by
B . was met
C ・ was meeting
D . met by

)23.The war in 1937.
A . was broken out
B . had been broken out C . has broken out
D . broke out

()24.The mistakes in the exercises will the teacher .
A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by()25.My brother and I have her birthday party .
A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to01-05 ACADC
06-10 BCBDA11-15 CBCAD
16-20 DBCDB21-25 BADCD
15/16
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定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态。
时间状语：soon; next week; tomorrow 等.will +动词原形，表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态(事物固有的属性或必然趋势)
My sister will bs ten next year.
1 .be going to +动词原形：口语中表示“打算、计划”做某事；根据现在的迹象，对未来进行 推断；用于条件句中，表将来，而will不行It is going to clear up.
We are going to have a party tonight.
If you are going to come to my house, you'd better phone me first.
2 .进行时表示将来,be + doing, go; come; start; begin; move; leave; arrive; stay 等词可用进行时 表示按照计划或即将发生的动作He is moving to the south.
Are they leaving for Europe?
3 .be about to +动词原形，表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang.
The meeting is about to close.
4 .be to +动词原形，表示按照计划或安排要做的事We are to meet at the school gate at noon.
5 .一般现在时表示将来，一些起止的动词 come; go; leave; arrive; fly; return; start; begin; close;end; stop等，用来表示时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情
The meeting starts at five o'clock.
The plane leaves at ten this evening.
拓展：
be to +动词原形的用法：
(1) You are to do your homework before you watch TV. = have to / must " 必须 ”You are to report the police. = should / ought to“ 应该”
(2) If we are to be there before 10, we'H have to go now.二 intend / want "打算；想”What are we to do next?用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。
(3) You are not to smoke in the room. = mustn't "禁止"，用于否认句中The news is to be found in the evening newspaper. = may / can “可以； 可能“
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IL进行时.定义：
1）现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
2）过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
1 .时间状语］）现在进行时：now; right now 等
2）过去进行时：at this time yesterday 等.一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体,短动作用一般体。
2 .进行体表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。常与always; continually;constantly 等连用。
3 .进行体表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。
in .完成体考点现在完成时
1 .定义和时间状语：
1）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,（也许还将持续下去）。
时间状语：lately; recently; in the last / past few years, since then; up to now; so far 2）一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
时,间状语：already; just; yet; never; before.在条件、时间或让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作
2 .瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语 瞬间动词有: come; go; get to / reach / arrive in / arrive at; leave; buy; sell; open; close; get up; join / take part in; begin / stait; return; give; borrow; lend; become; tum; bring; take; die; finish / end; receive / hear form; marry; break; lose; jump过去完成时
1 .定义:一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件发生在它音的动作用过去完成时。
3/16 时间状语:before;或从句和上下文。
2 .从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作。
时 间状语： by then; by that time; by the end of + 过去时间.表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图。如：mean; expect; hope; intend; want; think; suppose
现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并强调现在还在进任。具有未完成性、暂时性和一定 的感情色彩。
IV.固定句型中的时态搭配(1) It / This is / the first/ second •••time + that sb have done sth was the first/ second •••time + that sb had done sth
This is the first time that I have come (come) here.
It was the third time that he had made (make) the same mistake(2)It is / has been+一段时间 + since+ 一般过去时
was / had been+一段时间+过去完成时It is/ has beee (be) more than 2 years since we went to Tumote Middle school.
It was / had beee (be) ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
(3)Hardly / Scarcely / Barely+ had done +when
No sooner+ had done + than +从句(从句用一般过去时)No sooner had I got (get) home than the rain poured down.
Hardly had we started (start) when the car got a flat tyre.
(4)by the time +现在时f将来完成时过去时一过去完成时
The conference will have lasted (last) a full week by the time it ends.
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left (leave).
(5) sb. be doing sth*+ whensb. be about to do sth. + when*"
sb. be on the point of doing sth.+ when…sb. has / have done sth.+ when…
4/16
I was about to leave (leave) the room when the phone rang.
He was doing (do) his homework when suddenly the electricity supply was cut off.
V.易错点
(一)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：
1 .现在完成时“利用过去，说明现在“，不能同表示过去的时间状语连用。
2 .一般过去时“仅谈过去，不关现在”，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
1.1 read (read) the novel last month.
2.1 have already read (read) the novel written by the world-famous writer.
(二)一般过去时和过去完成时的区别
两种时态建立的时间参照点不同：
一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言；过去完成时是对过去某一时刻而言。
1 .The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear and believed she wasn't ever going to find it.
2 .— Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
-Oh! I thought they had gone without me.
(三)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”
如着重表示动作的完成时，多用现在完成时
如着重表示动作的持续时，多用现在完成进行时
1.1 have read that book.我已经读过那本书了。
2.1 have been reading that book all the morning.我早上一直在读那本书。
5/16动词的被动语态
以ask为例，将各种时态的被动语态构成列表如下：

现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般
be asked
was / were asked
will be asked
would be asked
进行
be being done
was / were being done
will be being asked
would be being asked
完成
have been done
had been done
will have been done
would have been done
完成进行

一 .何时用被动语态
⑴.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或不需要指明谁是动作的执行者。
(2)需要强调或指出动作的承受者或事件本身。
1 George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
—No. I was not invited (not invite). Did they have a big wedding?
2. —The window is dirty. —I know. It was not cleaned (not clean) for weeks.
3. All the employees except the manager are encourawed(encouraRe) to work online at home. 二.使用被动语态需要注意的问题
(1)主动变被动时双宾语的变化
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
I was qiven an interesting book on my birthday by my friends.
An interesting book was liven to me by my friend.
(2)主动变被动时，原来做宾语补足语的不定式前需要加to
The boss made him work all day long.
He is made to work all day by his boss.
这样的动词主要有“一感；二听；三让；五看”：
feel; hear、listen to; let、have、make;100k at、see、watch、notice、observe;
(3)短语动词变被动语态时，不可丢掉动词后的介词或副词
l.She took good care of the children.
The children are taken 口ood care of by her.
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2.You should pay attention to your spelling.
Attention should be paid to your spellini.
(4)情态动词变被动语态，只需要将之后的动词原形变为be +过去分词
1. We must prevent him from going.
He must be prevented from eoinq.
2. We ought to put the plan into practice as soon as possible.
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
(5)get+动词过去分词也可以表示被动语态，多用于口语中
1 .那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
That patient cets treated once a week.
2 .他从车上掉下来，摔死了。
He [ot down from the bg dead.
三.主动形式表示被动意义
(1)系动词+形容词构成系表结构时
1 .苹果吃起来味道很好。
The apple tastes qood.
2 .这朵花闻起来真香。
The flower smells sweet.
3 .这那么消息证明是真实的。
This news turns out to be true.
4 .棉花摸起来很柔软。
The cotton feels soft.
5 .肉已经变质了。
The meat went bad.
系动词：
1 .感觉：
feel
2 .变得：
get, go, become, turn, fall7/16
3 .保持：
keep, lemain
4 .似乎：
appear, seem
5淇他：
look,