道路交通词汇2 Street and Transportation Glossary 2.doc

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[b]Density——[/b]the number of vehicles occupying a road lane per unit length at a given instant. [b]Flow——[/b] the number of vehicles passing a point per unit of time; often called volume when the time unit is one hour. [b]Gap——[/b] the time interval between the passage of consecutive vehicles moving in the same stream, measured between the rear of the lead vehicle and the front of the following vehicle. [b]Headway——[/b] the time interval between passage of consecutive vehicles moving in the same stream, measured between corresponding points (e.g. front bumper) on successive vehicles. [b]Interrupted Flow——[/b] occurs when flow is periodically interrupted by external fixtures, primarily traffic control devices. [b]Jam Density——[/b] the density when speed and flow are zero. [b]PHF (Peak Hour Factor)——[/b] This describes the relationship between hourly volume and the maximum rate of flow within the hour: PHF = hourly volume/maximum rate of flow. For the 15 minute periods, PHF = volume/4 x (maximum 15 minute volume within the hour) [b]Shockwaves——[/b] Shockwaves occur as a result of differences in flow and density which occur when there are constrictions in traffic flow. These constrictions are called bottlenecks. The speed of growth of the ensuing queue is the shockwave, and is the difference in flow divided by the difference in density. [b]Space Mean Speed——[/b] the arithmetic mean of the speed of those vehicles occupying a given length of road at a given instant. [b]Spacing——[/b] the distance between vehicles moving in the same lane, measured between corresponding points (front to front) of consecutive vehicles. [b]Speed——[/b] the time rate of change of distance. [b]Time Mean Speed——[/b] the arithmetic mean of the speed of vehicles passing a point during a given time interval. [b]Travel Time——[/b] the total time required for a vehicle to travel from one point to another over a specified route under prevailing conditions. [b]Uninterrupted Flow——[/b] occurs when vehicles traversing a length of roadway are not required to stop by any cause external to the traffic stream, such as traffic control devices. [b]Volume——[/b] Traffic volume is the most basic and widely used parameter in traffic engineering, vehicles per mile, or vehicles per kilometer. Bit 钻头 Bit Per Second bps 每秒传输的位数 Bitumen 沥青 Bituminous Joint Fillers 沥青接缝填充料 Bituminous Material 沥青材料 Bituminous Overlay 沥青封层 Bituminous Pavement Road 沥青铺路 Bituminous Penetration Macadam 灌入式沥青路面 Bituminous Pressure Distributor 沥青压力散布机 Bituminous Sand Slurry 沥青沙浆 Bituminous Surface Treatment 沥青表面处理 Bituminous Water Proof Coating 沥青防水层 Bituminous Treated Base BTB 沥青处理底层 Bituminous Treated Sand Gravel 沥青处理砂砾 Black-Hole Effect 黑洞效应 Balance Cut and Fill 挖填之平衡 Blast 开炸 Blast Pad 喷气防护坪 Blasting Method 炸移法 Bleeding 路面冒油 Blight proof courses 病虫害防治 Blood alcohol concentration 血液中酒精浓度 Blown Asphalt 吹制沥青 Boiling 砂涌 Bonding Agent 黏着剂 Bore 钻凿 Bored pile 钻掘桩 Borehole 钻孔 Boring 钻探 Boring log 钻孔柱状图 Boring machine 钻机 Boring Rod 钻杆 Boring-core 钻孔岩心 Borrow 借土；借方 Borrow area 借土区 Borrow Pit 借土坑；取土坑 Bottle neck control 瓶颈路段（地点）管制法 Bottle Neck Road 瓶颈段；瓶颈路 Bottleneck 瓶颈 Bottom Course 底层 Bottom Flange 下翼绿 Boulder 卵石 Box caisson 沉箱；箱式沉箱；匣式沉箱 Box Culvert 箱涵；箱形涵洞 Box Drain 水沟渠；匣形沟渠 Box girder 箱形梁 Bracing 支撑 Bracket / Chassis 拖架 Brake failure, Defective brake 煞车失灵 Brake light 煞车灯 Brake Reaction time 煞车反应时间；制动反应时间 Braking Distance 剎车视距（停车视距） Braking system 煞车系统 Branch and Bound Algorithm 分枝界定法 Breakdowns 故障 Breaking of Emulsion 乳化沥青黏结 Breaking Wave 碎波 Breakaway 脱离式接头 Breath alcohol concentration 呼气酒精含量 Brick Pavement 砖铺路面；砖铺面 Brick Pavement Road 砖铺路 Brick Road 砖面路 Bridge 桥梁 Bridge Abutment 桥台 Bridge Approach 桥粱引道 Bridge bearing 桥支承 Bridge deck 桥面板 Bridge deck/floor 桥面 Bridge expansion joint 桥面伸缩缝 Bridge floor 桥面 Bridge head 桥塔 Bridge inspection 桥梁检测 Bridge Management System 桥梁管理系统 Bridge pier 桥墩 Bridge railing 桥栏杆 Bridge span 桥跨 Brightness 照杜；辉杜；明亮度 Brightness contrast 辉度对照比 Brittle fracture 碎裂 Brittleness 脆性；脆度 Gravel Road 碎石路 Broken Stone Surface 碎石路面 Broken-back Curve 断背曲线 Broken-Beach Grade Line 破背坡度线 Benkelman Beam 彭柯曼梁 Buckling 挫屈；路面拱起 Budget 预算经费 Budgetary estimate 经费概算 Buffer 缓冲剂；缓冲器 Buffer buildings 缓冲建筑物 Buffer distance 缓冲距离 Buffer reach 缓冲段 Buffer time 缓冲时间 Buffer zone 缓冲带 Building Code 建筑规刖；建筑法规 Building Coverage Ratio 建蔽率；建筑面积比 Building Line 建筑线 Built-in Parking Facilities 建筑物附设停车空间 Bulb Type 球状 Bulk Density 虚松体密度 Bulk Specific Gravity 松比重；容积比重；虚比重 Bulkhead 隔墙；天窗；驳岸；隔舱 Bull Dozer 堆土机 Bulldozer 推土机 Bulldozer Blade 刮刀 Bullet-nose 弹头尖端式 Bullet-nose Form 弹头式 Bumper 保险杆 Bundle method 光束法 Bureau of Public Road (renamed to FHWA) 美国联邦公路局 Bus 大客车 Bus Bay 公车湾 Bus company 公车公司 Bus driver 公车驾驶员 Bus driving 公车运行 Bus Exclusive Lane 公车专用道 Bus fare 公车费率 Bus Lane 公车专用车道 Bus management information system 公车管理信息系统 Bus network 公车路网 Bus Operating Rate/Bus Dispatching Rate 出车率 Bus operation 公车营运 Bus operation management 公车营运管理 Bus parking area 大客车停车场 Bus Rapid Transit 公车捷运 Bus ridership 公车运量 Bus route 公车路线 Bus route inquiring system 公车路线查询系统 Bus scheduling 公车排班 Bus speed limits 公车速限 Bus station 公车停靠站 Bus stop spacing 公车站距 Bus Street 公车专用街道 Bus system design 公车系统设计 Bus system, Bus transit system, Public bus system 公车系统 Bus Terminal 公车终站；公车总站；公车场站 Bus transportation 公车运输 Bus, Public bus 公共汽车 Buses 大客革 Bush hammering 粗面石工 Business District 商业区 Business Vehicle 营业车辆 Bus-Kilometer 客车行驶里程 Busway 公车专用道 Butt Joint 平头接缝 Button reflector 反光钮 Buttressed Wall 外支墙 Buttressed Abutment 撑式桥台墙 Buttressed Retaining Wail 外支式挡土墙 Bypass highway 绕越公路 Bypass road 外环道 Bypass route 绕道路线 Bypass Street 绕越街 Bypassing Traffic 绕越交通 Bystreet 支街 Cab Signal 车厢号志 Cab, Taxi 出租车 Cable Car, Cableway 空中缆车 Cable stayed bridge 斜张桥；斜索桥 Cable Suspension Bridge 索桥 Caboose 车务员专用车 Cadastral map 地籍图 Cadastral Survey 地籍测量 California Bearing Ratio CBR 加州乘载力比 Canal Aqueduct 输水桥 Canal Bridge 渠桥 Canal Tunnel 输水隧道 Cancellation 注销 Candle (Candle Power) Cd, Cp 单位：烛光 Cantilever Bridges 悬臂式桥梁 Cantilever method 悬臂工法 Cantilever retaining wall 悬臂挡土墙 Cantilever type retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙 Cap 桩帽；雷管（俗） Capacitated arc routing problem 容量限制弦路径车辆行驶问题 Capacitated freight distribution 零担货物运输 Capacity 容量；涵容性 Capacity analysis 容积分析 Capacity and level of service analysis 容量与服务水准分析 Capacity constraint, Capacity restriction 容量限制 Capacity estimation 容量估计 Capacity limitation 容量极限值 Capacity model 容量模式 Capacity of Bus Line 公车路线容量 Capacity reduction factor, Strength reduction factor 强度折减因子 Capacity utilization 容量使用率 Capillary Lift 毛管水升高度；毛细管水升高度 Capillarity 毛细管作用；毛细管现象 Captive Riders 无自由选择的乘客 Captive Transit Rider 大众运输固有使用者 Car accident, Traffic accident 交通事故 Car accreditation system 车辆认证制度 Car body 车体 Car detector, Vehicular detector 车辆侦测器 Car following model 跟车模式；自动跟车系统 Car navigation system 汽车导向系统 Car Ownership 汽车持有；汽车持有权 Car Pooling, Carpool 汽车共乘 Car, Vehicle 车辆 Carbon Dioxide CO2 二氧化碳 Carphone 车用电话 Car-Rental Carrier 小客车租赁业 Carriage 马车 Carrier wave 载波 Casing 套管 Cast stone 人造石 Cast-in-place pile 场铸桩 Cast-in-place (CIP) Concrete 场铸混凝土 Casualty 伤亡 Catalog Service Interface Specification 目录服务接口规范 Catch Basin 集水井；截流井 Catch Drain 排水沟；截水沟 Catch Feeder 灌溉水道 Cathodic method 阴极防锈法 Cationic Asphalt Emulsions 阳离子乳化沥青 Caution Light 警告灯 Caution Sign 警告标；警告标志 Caution Signal 注意信号；警告号志 Cavitations 孔蚀现象；穴蚀现象 Concrete Pavement 混凝土路面 Critical Speed 临界速率 Cement Grout 灌水泥浆；水泥灌喷枪 Cement grouting 水泥灌浆 Cement mortar 水泥砂浆 Cement Paste 水泥浆 Cement Treated Sand Gravel 水泥处理砂砾 Cencrete Cribbing 框式混凝土挡土墙 Census 普查 Center Frog k形岔心 Center Island 中央岛 Center Line 中线；中心线 Center Line Lane 中心车道；中央车道 Center Line Marking 中心标线 Center Platform (Island Platform) 岛式站台 Center Span 中央跨孔 Center(line) stake 中心桩 Centerline 中心线 Center-to-Center C2C 中心与中心 Center-to-Field C2F 中心与现场 Central Business District CBD 中心商业区 Central corridor system 中央走廊系统 Central Cross-Island Highway, East-West Cross-Island Highway 中横公路 Central Divider 中央分向岛 Central Island 分隔岛；中央岛；分向岛 Central Mixing Plant 中央拌合厂 Central projection 中心投影 Central Shopping area 中央商业区 Centralized Control System 集中式控制系统 Centralized Traffic Control CTC 中央行车控制法 Centrifugal force 离心力 Centrifuge Cup 离心杯 Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent CKE 离心煤油当量法 Certification, Accreditation 认证；核准 Change License 换照 Change of Registration 变更登记 Changeable Message Sign, Variable Message Sign CMS 信息可变标志 Changeable Speed Limit Sign CSLS 速限可变标志 Changing Lane 变换车道 Channel 槽道 Channelized Intersection 槽化交叉 Channelization 槽化 Channelization island 槽化岛 Channelized Intersection 槽化式交叉；槽化路口 Channelizing Island 槽化岛 Channelizing Line 槽化线；检核点 Characteristic Deflection 代表性挠度 Character arrangement 文字排列方式 Character size 文字尺寸 Charging system 收费系统 Charter Bus 专用游览车 Check Point 检核点 Check Valve 逆止阀 Chemical grouting 药液灌浆 Chevron of divergence 分流式山形条纹 Chevron of mergence 并流式山形条纹 Chevron strip 山形条纹 Chief Engineer 总工程司 Child pick-up area 家长接送区 Children-only Bus 幼童专用车 Chinese road sign 中文道路标志 Chord 弦；弦杆 Chord Length 弦长 Chute 竖槽；陡槽；吊沟 Circle 周期 Circle/Roundabout 圆环 Circuit 环道（测）；电话（电） Circuit-switched Public Data Network CSPDN 线路交换公众数据网络 Circular Arch 圆拱；弧拱 Circular Curve 圆曲线；单曲线；圆弧曲线 Circular failure 圆弧型破坏 Circular green light 圆形绿灯 Circular rod level 圆盒水准器 Circular sliding surface 圆弧滑动面 Circulation 通风；交通 Circulation Map 交通图 Circulation system 转乘系统 Circumferential street (road) 外环（环状）道路 City Bus 市区公共汽车 City Planning 都市计画 City Planning Commission 都市计画委员会 City Planning Law 都市计画法 City Rebuilding 都市重建 City Transit 都市大众运输 Clamshell 抓式挖土机 Classification Count 分类调查 Classification of road 道路分类 Classification of Soil 土壤分类 Clear distance 净距 Clear height 净空高 Clear Span 净跨距 Clear Zone 清除区 Clearance 净距 Clearance Height 净高 Clearance Lost Time 清道损失时间 Clearance time 清道时间 Climate Conditions 气候情况 Climbing Lane 爬坡道．爬坡车道 Clinker 溶块 Close Network 封闭网络 Close System Toll Station 封闭制收费站 Close Tunnel 隧道区 Closed Circuit Television Camera CCTV 闭路电视摄影机 Closed Loop 封闭环路 Closed Network 网络系统 Closed traverse 闭合导线 Clothoid Curve (Clothide) 螺旋曲线；克罗梭曲线；罗线形曲线 Clover Leaf Interchange 四叶形交流道；苜蓿叶形交流道 CO Detector 一氧化碳侦测器 Coarse Aggregate 粗粒料；粗骨材 Code 规范；数值 Coefficient of friction, Friction coefficient, Frictional coefficient 摩擦系数 Coefficient of Kinenatic Viscosity 动黏滞系数 Coefficient of kurtosis 峰度系数 Coefficient of Side Friction 侧犘擦系数 Coefficient of Subgrade 路基抗力系数 Cofferdam 围堰 Coefficient of Utilitization CU 照明率 Cohesion 凝聚力；黏力；黏结力 Cohesion of soil 土壤之凝聚力 Cohesive value 凝聚值 Cold-Mix Asphalt Concrete 泠拌沥青混凝土 Collector Ditch 集水沟 Collector Road 连络道路 Collector Street 联络道路 Collector-distributor Roads 集散道 Collision 冲撞；碰撞 Collision Accident 碰撞事故 Collision area 碰撞区 Collision diagram 碰撞图；相横示意因 Collision Warning Systems 碰撞预警系统 Color Light Signal 色灯号志 Color contrast 色彩对比 Color quality 光色品质 Combination Truck Tractor-trailer 联结车 Commercial Center 商业中心 Commercial District 商业区 Commerical Driver's License CDL 大型车辆驾照（16人以上） Commercial Fleet Management 商用车队管理 Commercial Motor Vehicle CMV 商业用车 Commercial Speed 商业运转速率 Commercial Traffic 商车交通量 Commercial Vehicle Electronic Credential Management 商用车辆电子凭证管理 Commercial Vehicle Operating System 商用车营运系统 Commercial Vehicle Operations CVO 商车营运系统 Commercial Vehicle Operations Services CVOS 商车营运服务 Commodity 商品 Community Center 杜区中心 Community Planning 社区规画 Commuter 通勤者 Commuter Rate 回数费率 Commuter Rail, Commuter Train 通勤火车 Commuting Distance 通勤距离 Compacted Subgrade 压实路基 Compaction 夯实；压实 Compaction effort 夯实能量 Compatibility 兼容性 Compensation 征收补偿 Compensation for Damage 损失赔偿 Compensation for the land price 地价补偿 Complementary Route 补充路线 Complex intersection 复合适交叉路口 Composite Beam 合成粱；复合粱 Composition of Traffic 交通组成 Compound Curve 复曲线 Comprehensive 整体性 Comprehensive parking program 综合性停车计画 Comprehensive Planning 综合性计画 Compressibility of Soil 土壤压缩性 Compression 压缩；压力 Compression Stress 压应力 Compressive Strength 抗压强度 Compulsory Purchase 征收 Computer signal 计算机号志 Computer signal lamp system 计算机号志系统 Computer-Aided Dispatching System 计算机辅助派车系统 Computerized traffic signal system 计算机化号志系统 Concave 凹 Concave Bank 凹岸 Concave curve 凹形曲线 Concave Joint 四缝 Concave-convex 凹凸形 Concentrated load 集中荷重 Concentration time 集流时间 Concentric opposed plane helical ramp 同心反向螺旋状匝道 Concrete 混凝土 Concrete barrier (New Jersey) 纽泽西（混凝土）护栏 Concrete islands 混凝土交通岛 Concrete joint 混凝土接缝 Concrete Mixing 混凝拌合机 Concrete Overlays 混凝土路面加铺 Concrete pavement 混凝土铺面 Cone 交通锥 Cone of acute vision 明晰视锥角 Cone of glance area 瞥视锥角范围 Cone of sight 视锥角 Conflict 冲突 Conflict analysis 冲突分析 Conflict Area 冲突区域 Conflict lane change 冲突性变换车道 Conflict management 冲突管理 Conflict point 冲突点 Congestion 拥挤 Congestion degree 拥挤度 Congestion delay 拥挤延滞 Congestion dummy variable 拥挤虚拟变量 Congestion pricing 拥挤定价 Congestion Time 拥挤时间 Congestion toll 拥挤费 Conical Surface 圆锥面 Connecting Road 连络公路 Connector 连接道路 Consistency 稠度 Consolidation 压实；固结；压密 Consolidation Rate 压密率 Construction Contract 工程合约 Construction Joint 施工接缝 Construction Load 施工道路 Construction Planning 施工计画 Construction Sign 施工标志 Construction Specification 施工规范 Construction/Maintenance Zone 施工维修区 Contact detector 接触式侦测器 Contact strip 接触带 Container Packing Shed 货柜并装通栈 Container parking area 联结车停车场 Container Trucking Carrier 货柜运输业 Continuous Mixing Plant 连绩式拌合厂 Continuous move-up operation 连续跟进行为 Continuous Station 长期观测站 Continuous Volume-count Program 长期持续**通量调查 Continuously reinforced concrete pavement CRCP 连续钢筋混凝土路面 Continuous-Mix Plant 连续式拌合厂 Contour Interval 等高线间隔；等高距 Contour Line 等高线 Contour Map 等高线图 Contours 等高线 Contract 契约 Contract Change Order 契约变更通知 Contraction Joint 收缩接缝 Contractor 承包商 Contraflow bus lane 逆向公车专用道 Contributing area 集水面积 Control Count 控制量交通调查 Control of Access 出入管制 Control point comparison 控制点比较法 Control points 控制点 Control Radius 控制半径 Control section 管制路段 Control span 控制限制 Control Station 控制站 Control strategy, Regulation strategy 管制策略 Control survey, Control surveying 控制测量 Controlled Access Highway 出入管制公路 Controller 控制器 Controlling Load 控制轮重 Convenience store 贩卖区 Conventional Roundabout 传统圆环 Conventional Simulcast Radio System 同频发射共波式无线电话系统 Converted traffic 转乘交通量 Convex Function 凸函数 Convex Joint 凸接缝 Conveyer 输送机 Conviction 违规 Convoy 车队 Cooperative Planning 合作规划

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