聚丙烯酸浆料对淀粉浆液浆膜性能的影响.pdf

1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/第25卷第2期2004年4月纺 织 学 报Journal of Textile ResearchVol.25,No.2Apr.,2004聚丙烯酸浆料对淀粉浆液浆膜性能的影响范雪荣 顾蓉英 王 强(江南大学,无锡,214063)摘 要:研究了聚丙烯酸盐、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸丁酯4种浆料对淀粉浆液、浆膜性能的影响。结果表明,聚丙烯酸类浆料虽能提高对棉和涤/棉经纱的粘附力,但对淀粉增塑作用较弱,在一定的用量范围内,不能改善淀粉浆料的浆膜性能。关键词:浆料 聚丙烯酸 淀粉 浆液 浆膜中图分类号:TS 1031846 文献标识码:A 文章编号:025329721(2004)0220037203 聚丙烯酸类浆料是以丙烯酸类单体为主体,通过加聚反应合成的大分子主链完全由碳原子组成的均聚物或共聚物,具有粘附性高,退浆性能好,能改善淀粉浆料的粘度热稳定性等特点。目前评价聚丙烯酸类浆料的上浆性能主要是评价其本身的浆液、浆膜性能。但合成聚丙烯酸类浆料的单体种类很多,工艺各异,其浆液、浆膜性能与单体种类、比例和工艺密切相关,差异很大。部分聚丙烯酸类浆料由于吸湿性较高或Tg较低,在标准状态下不能成膜,或虽能成膜,但浆膜难以揭下,无法测试其浆液、浆膜性能。而且,为了达到理想的上浆效果和降低浆纱成本,一般是将淀粉、PVA和聚丙烯酸类浆料混合使用,聚丙烯酸类浆料仅是作为辅助浆料,用量仅为5%10%,混合浆料各组分之间并非都能互相弥补各自的缺陷。因此,通过聚丙烯酸类浆料与其它浆料特别是淀粉浆料混合后浆液、浆膜的性能来评价其上浆性能具有更重要的意义。本文研究了聚丙烯酸盐、聚丙烯酰胺、以丙烯酸甲酯为主体的丙烯酸甲酯共聚浆料和以丙烯酸丁酯为主体的丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料与淀粉浆料混合后的浆液、浆膜性能。1 实 验111 材 料聚丙烯酰胺浆料是由丙烯酰胺单体合成的无色透明粘稠体;聚丙烯酸盐浆料是以丙烯酸(盐)为主要单体合成的淡黄色粘稠体;聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料是以丙烯酸甲酯为主要单体合成的乳白色粘稠体和粉末状固体;聚丙烯酸丁酯浆料是以丙烯酸丁酯为主要单体合成的乳白色粘稠体;淀粉浆料:原淀粉、酸解淀粉。112 粘附性能用粗纱法测试1。113 浆膜断裂强度、断裂伸长率、磨耗、耐屈曲性能按文献1的方法进行。2 结果与讨论211 聚丙烯酸类浆料对淀粉浆液、浆膜性能的影响21111 聚丙烯酸盐浆料与淀粉混合后的浆液、浆膜性能 由表1可知,纯聚丙烯酸盐浆料浆膜的断裂强度很小,断裂伸长率很大,磨耗略小于纯淀粉浆膜。但当与淀粉混合后,尽管对棉和涤/棉的粘附性能有所改善,但断裂伸长率急剧减小,磨耗增加,断裂强度也有所降低,均比淀粉浆膜差。表1 聚丙烯酸盐浆料与淀粉混合后的浆液、浆膜性能淀粉聚丙烯酸盐断裂强度(Nmm2)断裂伸长率(%)磨 耗(mgcm2)粘附力(N)棉涤 棉100035.143.010.93355.19100.3901030.741.831.13358.40108.70802029.561.781.017 01005.36271.10.82558.8076.5021112 聚丙烯酰胺浆料与淀粉混合后浆液、浆膜的性能 由表2可见,聚丙烯酰胺浆料由于Tg较高,浆膜性能与聚丙烯酸盐和聚丙烯酸酯浆料有明显区别,断裂强度高,断裂伸长率适中,磨耗低。当其分别以10%和80%的比例与淀粉混合后,虽能显著改善对棉和涤/棉的粘附力,但磨耗增大,断裂伸长率降低,同样也恶化了淀粉的浆膜性能。表2 聚丙烯酰胺浆料与淀粉混合后的浆液、浆膜性能淀粉聚丙烯酰胺断裂强度(Nmm2)断裂伸长率(%)磨 耗(mgcm2)粘附力(N)棉涤 棉100035.143.010.932955.19100.3901019.591.861.69056.46108.81208030.402.161.57281.31123.6010052.9310.460.740 21113 聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料与淀粉混合后浆液、浆膜的性能 由表3可知,聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料对涤/棉纱的粘附性能高于淀粉,与淀粉混合能提高对棉和涤/1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/棉经纱的粘附力。聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料自身的浆膜断裂伸长率极高,磨耗小,但与淀粉混合后,即使比例达到30%,浆膜的断裂伸长率仅为6172%,磨耗也比淀粉浆膜高,且随着聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料比例的减小,断裂伸长率进一步降低,甚至低于淀粉浆膜,磨耗也比淀粉浆膜略有增加。因此,虽然聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料本身的柔性非常好,但当以10%、20%的比例与淀粉混合后没有明显改善淀粉浆料的浆膜性能。表3 固体聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料与淀粉混合后的浆液、浆膜性能淀粉聚丙烯酸甲酯断裂强度(Nmm2)断裂伸长率(%)磨 耗(mgcm2)粘附力(N)棉涤 棉100035.143.010.932955.19100.3901029.202.501.022 802027.202.540.9826703027.826.722.8561.42113.301001.489500.5152.24116.6 由表4可知,当聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料的比例为80%时,混合浆料的浆膜断裂强度低,断裂伸长率高,耐屈曲性能好,但当聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料的比例为10%时,断裂强度与淀粉浆膜相比下降很多,断裂伸长率比淀粉的更低,耐屈曲次数比淀粉浆膜略有提高。表4 液体聚丙烯酸甲酯浆料与淀粉混合后的浆液、浆膜性能淀粉聚丙烯酸甲酯断裂强度(Nmm2)断裂伸长率(%)耐屈曲次数(次)粘附力(N)棉涤 棉100035.143.0133355.2100.3901017.81.82395 20804.58347.071855.3106.40100浆膜伸长过大,揭下时会变形,无法测试21114 丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料与淀粉浆料混合后浆液、浆膜的性能 丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料(丙烯酸丁酯 丙烯酰胺=3070)与淀粉混合后的粘附性能见表5,与酸解淀粉混合后的浆膜性能见表6。表5 丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料与淀粉混合后的粘附性能共聚浆料 淀粉粘附力(N)涤 棉纯棉010086.0257.93109066.1356.89307037.4352.41505029.2550.19100052.9254.70 由表5可见,淀粉浆液对涤/棉的粘附力高于聚丙烯酸丁酯与淀粉混合浆液,这与事实不符,这是粗纱法测试粘附力的局限性造成的。粗纱法测试的粘附力是浆料与纤维之间的粘附力和浆料本身内聚力的综合体现,并不能独立反映浆液对被浆纤维的粘附情况。淀粉浆料自身的内聚力较高,使粘附力测定值高于其它混合浆料,而丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料自身的内聚力较低,所以粘附力测定值也较低,在与淀粉混合时,随着丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料比例的提高,粘附力测定值逐渐降低。表6 丙烯酸丁酯共聚浆料与酸解淀粉混合后的浆膜性能共聚浆料酸解淀粉断裂强度(Nmm2)断裂伸长率(%)磨 耗(mgcm2)010024.692.811.44109023.712.651.46307020.342.821.85505015.953.011.4810006.6519.10.085 由表6可知,随着共聚浆料比例的提高,混合浆料浆膜的断裂强度降低,比例在50%以下时,断裂伸长率和磨耗变化不大。当共聚浆料的比例达到50%时,混合浆料的浆膜性能有所改善,主要是共聚浆料对淀粉起到了一定的增塑作用,有一部分还起到了稀释剂的作用,增大了淀粉分子间的自由体积,淀粉大分子间的作用力被减弱,大分子链段的活动能力增强,但是作用还不明显,因而混合浆料的浆膜性能没有显著改善。212 聚丙烯酸类浆料不能显著改善淀粉浆膜性能的原因分析从上述结果看出,各种聚丙烯酸浆料虽然可以提高混合浆液的粘附性能,但在一定的用量范围内,并不能显著改善淀粉的浆膜性能,有的甚至还会恶化淀粉的浆膜性能,起到“反增塑”的作用,即非但没有降低淀粉浆膜的弹性模量,或降低淀粉浆膜的结晶度,改善淀粉的柔性,相反,提高了淀粉的弹性模量,使得淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长率降低,磨耗增加,浆膜更易破裂。聚丙烯酸类浆料对淀粉产生“反增塑”作用的主要原因是,淀粉粘度较高,在干燥成膜过程中无法达到大分子间完全有序堆积,形成了一定量的无定形区,当加入少量的、增塑作用较弱的增塑剂后,由于粘度、玻璃化温度都降低,淀粉大分子链段的活动能力略有改善,但这些能力仅能使无定形区的大分子趋向于更有序化,因而更有利于聚合物的紧密堆积;产生“反增塑”作用的另一个原因是,在增塑剂的作用下进行了聚合物的附加结晶作用,由于晶相的模量要比非晶相的模量高,因而产生晶相或增加晶相的结果使得总体弹性模量值增大。鉴于以上2个原因,聚丙烯酸类浆料的加入使淀粉浆膜由原来的较脆的性能变为更脆,在受到外力作用时产生应变的能力更小,从而使浆膜在受到外力作用时,断裂强度、断裂伸长率降低,磨耗增加。83【】纺织学报2004年 第2期 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/但必须指出,聚丙烯酸类浆料并非是反增塑剂,只是由于增塑作用过于微弱,表现出恶化淀粉浆膜性能。在不同的条件下,聚丙烯酸类浆料也可能对淀粉起增塑作用,它取决于聚丙烯酸类浆料的Tg和与淀粉的混合比例,这从表3、表4和表6可以看出。3 结 论1.聚丙烯酸类浆料仅作为辅助浆料使用,通过与其它浆料特别是淀粉浆料混合后的浆液、浆膜性能来评价其上浆性能具有更重要的意义。2.聚丙烯酸类浆料由于含有能与棉纤维中的羟基形成氢键的羧基、酰胺基,或者含有与涤纶纤维相似的酯基,能提高混合浆液对棉或涤/棉经纱的粘附性能。3.聚丙烯酸类浆料是一类增塑作用非常弱的增塑剂,在一定的用量范围内,不能显著改善淀粉浆料的浆膜性能,有的聚丙烯酸类浆料甚至还会恶化淀粉浆料的浆膜性能。参考文献1 中棉行协浆料生产应用部编.常用纺织浆料质量与检测.1997:147150.第25卷第2期2004年4月纺 织 学 报Journal of Textile ResearchVol.25,No.2Apr.,2004纱线和织物外观模拟图形的统计特性研究施国生 梁道雷(浙江工程学院,杭州,310033)摘 要:通过对纱线和织物外观的统计特性分析,用马氏链建立纱线外观图形的数学模型,解决在经纬线颜色相同或相近时织物外观的模拟,并使织物外观模拟纸样更接近于实样。关键词:织物CAD 织物外观模拟 数学模型中图分类号:TS 941126 文献标识码:A 文章编号:025329721(2004)0220039202浙江省自然科学基金资助项目,编号:102023 在织物CAD系统中利用配色模纹1进行织物外观配色效果的模拟,可部分代替试织小样。在配色模纹的图形中,因为组织的经纬浮点是根据选定的经纬线颜色表示的,所以用配色模纹模拟织物配色效果时存在一些缺陷。主要表现在以下情况:当经纬线颜色相同或相近时,不能反映组织经纬线交织;在相同颜色的经或纬组织点的区域中,像素点的颜色都是相同的,造成了配色模纹的图形与实际织物外观有较大差异。因此在织物外观模拟的研究中,要在配色模纹图形的基础上,对织物中的纱线和织物实际外观效应做统计特性的分析,建立纱线和织物外观模拟的模型。1 纱线外观的统计特性模拟纱线外形可以看成圆柱形。在通常光照条件下,单色纱线沿纱线直径方向各部分反射的颜色是不同的,中心部分亮度大,向两边边缘部分逐渐趋暗,并且纱线受加工工艺影响,表面是不光滑的。即使是与纱线中轴等距的像素点的颜色也不尽相同。这种单色纱线的颜色变化表现为具有统计规律的随机特性。因此对单色纱线模拟的图形分为2个步骤。纱线直径均分为n段,各段颜色的色调相同,图1 纱线分段或加捻的模拟图而亮度以中间段最亮,向2边缘亮度逐渐递减,受光照方向影响,向2个方向的递减速度是不同的。图1(a)是把纱线直径均分为5段的单色纱线图形。2段像素的颜色进行相互渗透。事实上,纱线沿直径方向颜色变化并非像图1显示的那样规则,为了表示这种具有统计规律的颜色随机变化,建立随机过程中马氏链的模型。把第一步中n段像素的颜色作为马氏过程的初始状态,段与段之间的颜色的随机渗透用相邻段像素颜色的转移概率2来表示,这样,纱线段与段之间像素颜色渗透的转移概率矩阵可表示为:1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH(Bimonthly)Vol.25,No.2,Sum 227,Apr.2004Contents(Abstracts Inc.)Research ReportsFilling Character of Microvoids in Dispersing Bombyx Mori SilkStannic acid weighting treatment is used to characterize the microvoids in pure silk.The morphology of ordinary degummed Bombyx mori silk and dispersingBombyx mori silk after the weighting treatment is comparatively studied.Results show that the filling capacityof the Bombyx mori silk after the dispersion treatmentincreases and it increases with the dispersion treating time,which proves that the structure becomes looser and microvoids forms in the fibersinner part after thedispersing treatment.Chen Yuyue et al(7)The Preparation and Performance Characterization of ACFThe paper researches the K OH and H3PO4activation method systematically,compares the activation situation of these two methods,and tests adsorption ofACF by iodine value and benzene value.The result shows that the ACF activated by K OH is superior to the ACF activated by H3PO4.Li Quanming et al(9)Study on the Mechanism of Dyeing of Cellulose Fiber by Supercritical CO2This paper studied the operating methods and the technological parameters of cellulose fibers which were dyed by disperse dye under the condition ofsupercritical CO2.The dissolvabilityof disperse dye,color fastness,levelness,fabric strength,and dyeing mechanismwere analyzed.And the principle factors whichaffect dyeing were also determined.Zheng Laijiu et al(11)A Study of the Relationship Between the Molecular Weight of the Sericin Peptides and the Effects of H air2careIt had been researched amply that the hydrolytic factors of sericin protein and the sericin peptides affinity to the human hair and the surface and mechanicalproperties of the human hair adsorbed sericin peptides.The experimental results showed that the sericin peptides of the suited molecular weight had more affinity tothe human hair than sericin and could form a transparent film on the surface of the hair,which not only could protect the hair from the damages caused by theexternal factors to improve the luster and the elasticity of the hair,but also could easily permeate into the hair to repair the hair damaged.Yao Yanqing et al(14)Measured Research of Composite Material Parameter Based on Image ProcessingIn this paper,a method that fiber volume fraction of three2dimensional braided composite material is measured is proposed.It is based on snapped sectionsurface image of three2dimensional braided composite material processed.Many experiments prove that those results are in accordance with the data supplied bymanufacture.This contributes greatly to the automatic detection of the fabric composites parameters.Wan Zhenkai et al(16)Analysis and InvestigationsStudy on the Structure of the Silk Fiber Material Modified with 1,62Hexanediol DiacrylatesIn this paper the effect of 1,62Hexanediol Diacrylates graft treatment on the structural changes of the silk fibers was examined.The amino acid compositionshows that the content of some hydroxyl amino acids decreases as the weight gain increase.Meanwhile,alkali and acid solubilityof the silk also decreased with theincrease of the percent grafting of 1,62Hexanediol Diacrylates treated silk.The IR and Raman of the grafted silk fibers showed absorption bands assigned to thestructure of the silk fibroin and additional bands,characteristic of the spectra of the 1,62Hexanediol Diacrylates polymer,giving evidence that the 1,62HexanediolDiacrylates graft occurred inside the fiber matrix.Thus the theoretical basis is provided for the silk chemical finishes or modification.Shi Qinfen et al(19)Structure and Mechanical Properties of Mulberry Silk Treated by Calcium Nitration SolutionStructure and mechanical properties of silkfiber treated by calcium nitration solution are investigated in the paper.The results show that the inner structure oftreated silk fiber became looser than the original silk,the crystallinity decreased and the strength decreased,which is close to the loss of weight during thetreatment.Lin Hong et al(21)Fiber2forming Mechanism of the Regenerated Protein Fiber and Amino2acids CompositionIn the article,the fiber2forming mechanism of regenerated protein fiber was analyzed.Using the HITACHI 835250 Amino2acid Analyzer,the composition ofseveral kinds of protein fiber was measured.Meanwhile,the distribution of protein within fiber was also investigated.Xi Bojun(24)Trial Installation of Suction Device with Static Electricity Plate on Carding MachineA special suction device with static electricity plate is attached to a carding machine on the back sheet.Under various voltage of static electricity,theconditions of short fiber,neps,trash are tested with USTER AFIS.It is showed by the results that,compared to suction device without static electricity,the SFC(w)decreases 516%to 813%,the SFC(n)decreases 416%to 617%,neps decreases 10%to 1313%,trash decreases 33%,and VFM decreases 1413%.But thistrial installation has no positive effect on the removing of SCN.Sun Pengzi et al(26)Off2line Control Strategies of Lower Risk in Spinning ProcessIn this paper,the off2line quality control method in spinning process and its risk are discussed,some strategies to lower the risk has been brought up.Ding Zhirong(28)Research on R amie Degumming of FusantsThrough the technology of protoplasmic fusion,G+strainBacillussp 1221322 and G-strainErwiniasp 262223 were fused,284 strain constant fusants weregotten.Through repeated ramie degumming experiments,two of them in textile capability of the fibre degummed are better than original strains.Jin Yujuan et al(30)The Technology in the Study on Silk Fiber MicrostructureThis paper presents the new technologyof 3D image reconstruction and pattern recognition based on the wavelet theory.Meanwhile,the application of the newtechnology in the study on silk fiber microstructure is analyzed.Jin Xuebo et al(32)The Relation Between the Tension of Yarn of Double2balloon and the Feature of the State of a BalloonAfter obtaining the equation of a balloon,theoretical analysis of the tension was carried out,and the relation between the feature parameter of the state of aballoon and tension was obtained.In some feature parameters,the screw angle of a balloon II is efficient in control of the tension of yarn.Zhan Kuihua et al(34)The Effect of Polyacrylic Acid Sizing Agents on Size Liquid and Size Film Properties of StarchThe effect of four polyacrylic acid sizing agents including polyacrylate,polyacrylamide,polymethyl acrylate and polybutyl acrylate on size liquid and size film 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/properties of starch was studied.The result showed that although increasing the cohesion to cotton and polyestercotton warps,polyacrylic acid sizing agent was stilla kind of assistant sizing agents with weak plasticization to starch,and in definite dosage range,it couldnt improve size film properties of starch.Fan Xuerong et al(37)A Research of Statistical Characteristics of Yarns and Fabric External Appearance Imitative FiguresThe paper analyzes the statistical characteristics of yarns and fabric external appearance,establishes mathematical model of the fabric external appearancefigure by using Markovian process,solves the simulation of the fabric external appearance when the color of warps and wefts is identical or close,and makes thepattern of the fabric external appearance simulation more closer to actual pattern of fabrics.Shi Guosheng et al(39)An Elementary Study of Designing Fabric Pattern Based on IFSOn the basis of the IFS(Iterated Function System)principles and the graphical methods of computer,it is investigated to applicate the IFS principles intofabric pattern design by jacquard weaving testing,and some meaningful conclusions are obtained in this paper.Zhang Yu et al(41)A Study of Characteristics on Heat Absorption of FabricThe performance of the fabric of heat absorption has been analysed.The relation of the density,thickness,ventilation and the characteristics of the fabricresistance of heat radiation have been investigated.The mathematical relationship was discussed in the paper.Wan Zhiqin(43)The Effect of the Parameters of Water2jet Mechanism on Weaving in Water2jet LoomsOn the basic of the theory formula of velocity of water jet,the parameters of water2jet mechanism affecting the velocity are analyzed and optimized.So thestability of the water jet can be improved to raise the velocity of water jet as well as weft insertion rate and to enlarge the width of woven fabrics a lot.Li Kerang et al(46)A Study of Characterization of Aqueous Polyurethane2Dye SupercapsulasIn this paper,self2dispersion method through ultrasonic dispersion process was selected to synthesize blank polyurethane nano2sphere in dichloromethane.Atthe same time,PU2Dye supercapsules encapsulating different oil red 24 content were prepared.The result showed that supercapsules diameters were increasing withaddition of dye content,showing two2peak distribution,particle sizesof dye supercapsules were between 100nm and 300nmor so.There were two shapes(amorphousand crystal state)in supercapsules.It was inferred PU encumbered dyes crystal process.Hu Jinxin et al(48)Application of Discoid Electrophoresis of Polyacrylamide Gel in the Finish of Wool Anti2feltingThe principle of the discoid electrophoresis of polyacrylamide gel was explained.The composition and preparation method of gel separation column wasintroduced in detail.The result of electrophoresis test is that because the protein content of the abstract of the wool finished bypolyurethane prepolymer is less than,the wool serve the fu