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带饮水机的多功能电冰箱设计.pdf

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基金项目:湖南省2011 年大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目带饮水机的多功能电冰箱设计李谟胜,周东一,肖洁,罗新芳(邵阳学院机械与能源工程系,湖南 邵阳 422000)摘要:在传统电冰箱的基础上,另独立设置 2 个保温箱贮存冷热饮用水。冷水制取是在冷水箱中设置蒸发器,将冷水箱中的水制冷。热水制取是在热水箱中设置逆流套管式冷凝器,利用制冷系统的排热量将饮水机中的水加热到一定温度,如温度不够则再通过电加热器,可将饮用水加热至沸腾,冷凝管通热水箱后可采用风冷式和水冷却两种方式相结合。根据设计和理论计算,多功能电冰箱的冷凝器可将饮用水加热到 65左右,再用电加热器,可将饮用水加热至沸腾,比市场上纯粹用电加热的饮水机可节电 22.31W;利用制冷系统将冷水箱中的水制冷,每产生 4冷饮用水 2L 比市场上一般的压缩式制冷饮水机可节约大约 2.3 105J 的能量。关键词:电冰箱;多功能;节能;饮水中图分类号:TB657文献标识码:A文章编号:1004 7948(2012)08 0067 03doi:103969/j issn 1004 7948 2012 08 018引言随着人们生活水平的提高,冰箱、饮水机的使用已非常普遍。但是,冰箱制冷时冷凝热大多直接排入大气,白白散失掉,造成较大的能源浪费。而电用饮水机素有家用“耗电王之称”,其节能空间比较大。如果在室内同时购置 1 台电冰箱和 1 台压缩机式制冷饮水机,这样既占用空间,一次投资也比较大1。多功能电冰箱是将传统的电冰箱与饮水机一体化的产品,将电冰箱与饮水机有效地结合在一起,这样既节省资金,又可以节约占用面积,并能有效节能。1 多功能电冰箱的工作原理控制制冷剂通过冷水箱内蒸发器时将饮用水制冷,形成冷饮用水。制冷剂通过热水箱内冷凝器时将饮用水加热到 65,如果所需温度高的热水时则再通过外部电加热器,将饮用水加热至沸腾。系统运行原理图如图 1 所示。图 1系统运行原理图2 多功能电冰箱主要部件的设计2.1 饮水机蒸发器冷水内胆饮水机蒸发器箱体与冷藏箱箱体相似,外表面由保温材料制作。采用紫铜管的热传递和对流来传热,可使饮水机内胆的温度制冷到 4,从而起到制冷作用,如图 2 所示。图 2水箱示意图762012 年第 8 期(总第 359 期)节能ENERGY CONSERVATION2.2 饮水机冷凝器热水内胆该设计中水冷式冷凝器为逆流套管冷凝器,为提高冷凝器的换热效果,使冷凝器和水充分进行热交换。逆流套管水冷式冷凝器如图 3 所示。图 3逆流套管水冷式冷凝器当饮用水开关打开放水时,水经过冷凝器所放热量通过逆流套管式换热器将水加热到一定温度并流入饮水机保温热水内胆,为使水充分沸腾,可通过外部电加热器将水加热至沸腾。2.3 高压调节阀采用水冷式冷凝器与风冷式冷凝器并联运行,为保证水冷式冷凝器的换热效率和热水的设计温度,在水冷式冷凝器和风冷式冷凝器之间安装一个高压调节阀。高压调节阀是一只受阀前压力(冷凝压力)控制的比例型调节阀。冷凝压力低于设计值时,阀关闭;高于设计值时,阀开启。该设计选用 KVR 型高压调节阀。当冷凝压力低于高压调节阀的开阀压力时,阀门关闭,风冷式冷凝器停止运作,冷凝负荷全部用来加热水;当冷凝压力高于高压调节阀的开阀压力时,阀门打开,风冷式冷凝器和水冷式冷凝器共同进行冷凝换热。3 设计计算3.1 设计参数电冰箱总容积 195L,其中冷冻室 45L,冷藏室150L;饮水机冷、热内胆均为 1L;电冰箱外型尺寸为长 545mm,深 545mm,高 1332mm。饮水机总体外型尺寸长 400mm,深 545mm,高 500mm。带饮水机的多功能电冰箱总体外型尺寸长 945mm,深545mm,高 1332mm。采用 R134a 为制冷剂。3.2 热负荷及压缩机的设计依据传统电冰箱的设计方法,冷冻室热负荷QF=39.866W,冷藏室热负荷 QR=77.11W,饮水机蒸发器冷水内胆的热负荷 QS=11.639W(设计时按人数为 20 人,每人每天喝饮用水 1500ml,其中冷饮用水占1/3,热饮用水占1/3)。新型智能饮水机电冰箱的总热负荷 Q 为:Q=1.1 (QF+QR+QS)(1)代入数据得:Q=141.7W。经箱体外表面凝露校核,在外表面不会出现凝露现象。制冷系统的热力计算、压缩机选型与传统采用 R134a 制冷剂电冰箱的设计计算方法相同,由此 确 定 选 用 R134a 冰 箱 压 缩 机,型 号 为BK1114Z,额定制冷量 182W,输入功率 135W,电源电压 220/240V、50Hz。3.3 冷凝器的设计冷凝器的传热计算式2 为:k=kcAtm(2)式中:k冷凝器热负荷;kc冷凝器传热系数;tm冷凝器对数平均温差;A传热面积。对数平均温差 tm为:tm=t2 t1lntk t1tk t2(3)式中:t1、t2分别为冷却剂的进、出口温度;tk冷凝温度。制冷剂的冷凝温度 tk=54.4,但过热蒸汽出压缩机时,可达到 119.55,为计算方便取 tk=80,查气象资料得自来水冬季 t1=10,夏季t1=28,冬季 t2=60,夏季 t2=70,为计算方便 t2取 平 均 值 65,则 计 算 得:冬 季 tm=29.76,夏季 tm=35.70。取平均值得:tm=32.73。冷凝器热负荷为:k=0+PeL(4)式中:0制冷量,0=141.34W;PeL压缩机电机功率,PeL=135W。代入数据得:k=278.34W。3.3.1 水冷逆流套管式换热器的设计水冷式冷凝器,使用紫铜管,为增强冷凝侧换热,宜采用 1 号滚轧低翅片管,其管型结构参数如下3。管内径 di=11mm;管外径 d0=12.86 mm;dm=(di+d0)/2=11.93mm;壁厚 =dm di=0.93mm。86节能ENERGY CONSERVATION2012 年第 8 期(总第 359 期)水冷式冷凝器传热系数较高,一般在 1000W/(m2 K)以上,取 Kc=1000W/(m2 K)。传热面积 A 为:A=kkct=276.34/(1000 32.73)=0.0084m2。管长 L 为:L=Ad=0.0084/(3.14 0.01286)=0.209m。根据 k=cmt,求得每小时加热水的质量 m为:m=kct=276.34 3600/(4.18 1000 32.73)=7.254kg/h。式中:k冷凝器热负荷;m加热水质量;c水的比热;t传热温差。带饮水机的多功能电冰箱可以将饮用水加热到 65,而且理论可以产生水 7.254kg/h,足够饮用。3.3.2 风冷冷凝器的设计丝管式冷凝器采用复合钢管(迪邦管),db=6 1.0mm,钢丝直径 dw=1.5mm,管间距 sb=46mm,钢丝间距 sw=5mm4。取 tk=54.4,t1=32,t2=43.2,代入式(3)得:tm=16.16。风冷式冷凝器传热系数较低,一般在 25 40W/(m2 K),取 40W/(m2 K)。则冷凝器的换热面积 A 为:A=kkct=276.34/(40 16.16)=0.43m2。3.3.3 饮水机热水内胆外部电加热器的设计设计计算时按人数为 20 人,每人每天喝饮用水 1500ml(其中冷饮用水占 1/3,热饮用水占 1/3),采用电加热器来加热水,假设电能全部转换为内能,无任何能量损失。由冷凝器加热到 65 的水,再用电加热器加热到 100,则所需要的热负荷Q 为:Q=cmt=4.19 (1/3 1500 20 1)35/(24 3600)=16.97W。若纯粹用电加热的饮水机所需用电量 Q电=39.28W。可节约电量为:Q节=Q电 Q=39.28 16.97=22.31W。3.4 蒸发器的设计电冰箱冷冻室和冷藏室的设计计算均按传统电冰箱的设计。饮水机蒸发器内胆,使用紫铜管,为增强冷凝侧换热,同样采用 1 号滚轧低翅片管,其管型结构参数如下。传热面积 A=kkct=11.639/(1000 24)=0.00048m2。其中 t 是制冷剂将饮用水从 28制冷到 4的温差。管长 L=Ad=0.00048/(3.14 0.01286)=0.012m。带饮水机的多功能电冰箱与一款制冷量120W、冷水温度低于 10压缩式制冷饮水机作比较,每小时产生 4冷饮用水 2L 可节约 2.3 105J的能量。4 结论多功能电冰箱将传统电冰箱与压缩机式冷水机有效结合,可以同时提供饮用热水、冷水及传统电冰箱的一切功用。根据设计和理论计算,可将饮水机内胆热水加热到 65 左右,而且流经套管的水可加热水量7.254kg/h,可将饮水机内胆冷水制冷到 4,而且在饮水机内胆中日制冷水量 10kg,足够人们日常饮用。设计充分利用带饮水机的多功能电冰箱冷凝排热,用来满足人们对热水的需要,利用制冷剂R134a 给饮水机内胆的饮用水制冷,节能效果非常明显。参考文献 1 吴业正 小型制冷装置设计指导 M 北京:机械工业出版社,1999 2 庄友明 制冷装置设计M 厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006 3 杨世铭 传热学 M 北京:高等教育出版社,2006 4 余建祖 换热器原理与技术 M 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006作者简介:李谟胜(1989 ),男,湖南邵阳人,本科在读,专业方向:制冷与空调。指导教师:周东一(1974 ),男,湖南隆回人,硕士,副教授,从事制冷与暖通空调方面的教学与研究工作。收稿日期:2012 05 29;修回日期:2012 07 04962012 年第 8 期(总第 359 期)节能ENERGY CONSERVATIONResearch on phase-splitting reactive power compensationand harmonic suppression technology in thebuilding power distribution systemTUO Yuan-ke(China CTDI Engineering Corporation,Jiulongpo District,Chongqing 400039,China)Abstract:By studying and analyzing the load of intelligent build-ings,the paper gives the main characteristics of the load,and points outthe problems of the traditional solution。Because of the imbalance ofthree-phase load traditional centralized reactive power compensationways that adopt single-phase sampling and three-phase compensationtogether,are easy to cause under-compensation or overcompensation ofreactive power In order to avoid under-compensation and overcompen-sation,a method of phase-splitting reactive power compensation,whichis composed of the passive power filter and the active power filter,isproposed in this paper and its feasibility is proved by the results ofcomputer simulationsKey words:power distribution system for the building;phase-split-ting reactive power compensation;harmonic suppression49CCHP system design and operationanalysis of a hotel in DalianSONG Shao-hua,CHEN Gui-jun,QIN Rui(Energy and Power Engineering of Dalian Universityof Technology,Dalian 116024,China)Abstract:A hotel in Dalian as a model,three kinds of CCHP pro-gram is designed for each program in the winter,summer,spring or au-tumn,three modes of operation were analyzed Compare economy,en-vironmental protection and other aspects of contrast to elect the bestrun programs and operating mode,and analysis the feasibility of thesystemKey words:Combined Cooling Heating and Power;operation mode;economy;feasibility52Analysis of low-temperture radiant floor heatingSHI Wei-zeng(Qinhuangdao economic and technological developmentzone power company,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)Abstract:Describes low-temperature floor radiant heating systemwith indoor comfort is good,does not take such advantages as the in-door area,also pointed out that the existence of the system high initialinvestment,operating costs,maintenance difficulties,loss of heat trans-fer between great disadvantage Through project programme demon-stration of method,on flooring radiation heating system of early invest-ment cost,and run cost,and using effect,and installed and using in theappears of problem,on flooring radiation heating and traditional ofthermal Manager heating for comparison,and analysis,combination au-thor of run management experience,elaborated flooring radiation heat-ing advantages and disadvantages and the suitable application of condi-tions,in certainly has flooring radiation heating of advantages Hou,concluded that has radiator heating system of overall economic sexualsuperior flooring radiation heating system of conclusionsKey words:low-temperature floor radiant heating system;cost;econ-omy;energy saving59Study and development on the thermal-holdingperformance test platform ofdirectly-buried heating pipesREN Zhi-quan,ZHANG Fu-sheng(Branch of Xuzhou,Special Equipment Safety SupervisionInspection Institute of Jiangsu Province,Xuzhou 221000,China)Abstract:Describing designed and developed the new type thermal-holding performance test platform,that has realised auto-heating,tem-perature-measuring of thermal layers interface,auto-recording and su-pervision without operators The unit is simple in structure,easy to op-erate,and can be used together with computer and software,etc Thetest unit is in accordance with the rules and regulations in force of thestate and may meet the need of the directly-buried heating pipe typetest and performance test domesticlyKey words:directly-buried heating pipes;thermal-holding perform-ance test;study and development63Design on multifunctional refrigeratorswith water coolerLI Mo-sheng,ZHOU Dong-yi,XIAO Jie,et al(Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering,Shaoyang University,Shaoyang 422000,China)Abstract:Multifunctional refrigerators with water cooler,on the basisof the traditional refrigerator,are set independently with other two in-cubator storage cold and hot water Cold water is made in the cool wa-ter tank by setting evaporator to cool water Getting hot water is in thehot water tank where a reflux condenser bushing is set and it can userow heat of refrigeration system to heat the water in the water dispens-er up to some temperature If the temperature is not enough,we canmake it through the electric heater and can heat drinking water boilingCondenser linking hot water cylinder can combine air cooling with wa-ter cooling According to the design and theoretical calculation,con-denser can heat drinking water to some 65 After that,using electricheater heats the water to boiling On the market than pure electric heat-ing water can power saving 22.31 W;Use of refrigeration system willbe cooling water tank of water in the refrigeration,each produce 4cold drinks water 2L on the market than general compression type re-frigeration water machine can save approximately 2.3 105J of ener-gyKey words:refrigerator;multifunctional;energy conservation;drink-ing water6732010 年第 8 期(总第 337 期)节能ENERGY CONSERVATION
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