省略结构(恢复).doc

天印高中高三英语备课组 主备人：计德萍 2013。11
高三省略结构
省略句的定义：在英语中，为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，常用"省略句"，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见,大致可分为以下几种情况。
一、句子成分的省略
1. 省略主语。如: Haven't seen you for ages!
2.省略谓语。如： (Is there) Anything you want? (Does) Anybody need help? 有人要帮忙吗?
3. 省略宾语。如： I don't know (where he is ).
4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如：
(I'm) Afraid I can't come. (Have you) Got any ink?
【高考链接】－It’s a long time since I saw my sister.（2007全国卷1）
－_________her this weekend?
A. Why not visit       B. Why not to visit   C. Why not visiting   D. Why don’t visit
 二、复合句的省略
1.在含有状语从句的复合句中
由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though， although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。
When (she was) asked , she didn’t answer a word. Water can be changed into vapor if (it is ) heated.
When (you are) working, you must pay attention.  We may try again when (it is ) necessary .
【高考链接】We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
   A. not if dealt carefully with   B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with   D. not if carefully dealt with
2. 在限定性定语从句中
作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以 省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。 例如：
All you ever want to do is going shopping.
Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
【高考链接】—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
   —Yes，there's one point_____ we must insist on.(NMET2006江西卷)
A．why    B．where    C．how    D．/
3.宾语从句的省略。如：
Tom has gone home, but I don't know why (he has gone home).
I heard (that ) he had gone abroad.
【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed , and ____ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007湖南卷) A. why           B. that           C. when           D. where
三、 并列句的省略
在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如:
    He teaches English and his brother maths.
We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain.
【高考链接】He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones.（2007北京卷）
A. any   B. some  C. few       D. many
四、肯定结构
So+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样”、“也那样”，常理解为倒装结构。如：
The boy died and a week later. So did his sister. I’m an English teacher, so is my wife.
【高考链接】－My room gets very cold at night.(2007江苏卷)
    － ___________. A. So is mine        B. So mine is        C. So does mine        D. So mine does
注意：有时可用so代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内容,可以用于这类结构的动词有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope等.肯定回答结构为"主语+动词+so",否定回答结构为"主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so"或"主语+动词+not"。但动词为hope, guess时,否定回答只能说hope (guess) not,不能说don't hope (guess) so。
－It is sunny today.－So it is. (=It's really sunny today.)
【高考链接】－Will you be able to finish your respect today?
  －____________  . A. I like it    B. I hope so     C. I’ll do so     D. I’d love it
五、在否定结构中
由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。例如：
－I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
－Neither would I .
【高考链接】If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.（2007全国卷2）
A. he will either      B. neither will he        C. he neither will          D. either he will
六、不定式的省略
    1. 在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感观动词及使役动词let ,make ,have 后的"宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语"的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。如：
I haven't told you that my family made a lot of money in the nineteenth century by making children work 16 hours a day in their factories.
The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.
【高考链接】－Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? (2007北京卷）
  －Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. A. show   B. shows    C. to show     D. showing
2. 系动词（be）+形容词，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号，例如：
    －Could you go shopping with me?
－I'm glad to (go shopping with you).
【高考链接】－I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
　　－Not at all. ______ . (NMET1995) A. I've no time  B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it  D. I'll be happy to
3. mean, try, want, would like, would love, afford等后面接不定式时：
－Did you get a ticket? －No, I meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.
【高考链接】－Why haven’t you bought any butter ? －I _______ to but I forgot about it. ( 2001北京春季)
A. liked    B. wished   C. meant   D. expected
4. tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时：
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).
【高考链接】The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______ . (NMET1995)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to　　

Consolidation exercises
1. Every evening after dinner, if not____________ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
2. Some of you may have finished unit one. _____, you can go on to unit two.
A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so
3.All the dishes in this menu, ___________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as B. if C. though D. unless
4._____by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
省略定语从句
1.The centre,_________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open                B. opening C. having opened        D. opened
2.The first textbooks______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written　 D. written
3.The Olympic Games, ______in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
省略宾语从句
1.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
2.-- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
-- _____. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
3.– Would you like to join us in the game?
–_____, for I have something important to attend to.
A. I will B. I’d love to C. I won’t D. I’m afraid not
省略主句
1.—My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you? —______.
A. If you don’t mind B. Not at all C. Take it easy D. Nice to meet you
2.—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? —______it doesn’t rain.
A. Until B. While C. Once D. If
语境省略
1. —Do you mind my taking this seat? —____________.
A. Yes, sit down please  B. No, of course not C. Yes, take it please   D. No, you can’t take it
2. — Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
—______Have you got the first prize in the competition?
A. What for? B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes, I’d like to. D. Why not?
3. —My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you? —______.
A. If you don’t mind B. Not at all C. Take it easy D. Nice to meet you
4. —Have you finished your first paper? —_____. Just half of it. How about you?
A. Not at all B. Not likely C. Not a bit D. Not yet
5.—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?
—______ Wait till you are old enough, dear.
A．Will you? B．Why not? C．I hope so. D．I’m afraid not.
6.—Is it all right if I keep this photo --_______.
A. No，you don’t B. No, it shouldn’t C. I’m afraid not D. Don’t keep it
省略不定式结构
1.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him______.
A. not to　　　 B. not to do　 C. not do it　　 D. do not to
2.—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. ______.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it　 D. I’d be happy to
3.—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?
—______, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.
A. I’d like to B. I like it C. I don’t D. I will
省略比较结构
1. The pianos in the other shop will be________  , but  _____ .
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better C. cheaper; not as good  D. more cheap; not as good
2.John plays football ______, if not better than, David. 高二
A. as well　 B. as well as C. so well　 D. so well as
3. Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if_____, Miss Liu.高三
A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. better
省略句子的主语和谓语
1.—Have you finished your first paper? — ________ . Just half of it. How about you?
A. Not at all B. Not likely C. Not a bit D. Not yet
2.—Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? —_______?
A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come
省略主语
1.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. —_______good.
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
2.Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
省略引导词
1._____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
省略谓语中的主要动词1.–Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
–I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t

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