The-Archaeologists-Who-Wouldn27t-dig(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,The Archaeologists Who Wouldnt Dig,UNIT 9,1,People always believe the archaeologists find something old and valuable by using archaeological tools.But this article gives us another idea of archaeology,the archaeologists who wouldnt dig,then they can still find something old and valuable.,The Archaeologists Who Would Dig,2,C,ONTENTS,目录,BACKGROUND INFORMATION,1,STRUCTURE,2,TEXT COMPREHENSHION,3,RELEATED INFORMATION,4,3,Background Information,The Archaeologists Who Wouldnt Dig,4,Greek Archaeology and Art,National Archaeological Museum,(,希腊国立考古博物馆,),Greek Myths,Greek Art,5,Greek Archaeology and Art,阿加曼农黄金面具,”,(Mask of Agam-emnon),海神波赛顿铜像,(Poseidon of atremision),6,Greek Archaeology and Art,7,Pylos,A natural harbor located on the southwestern coast of the Peloponnesian Peninsula of Greece.,(希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛。),8,Pylos,the site of two important naval battles:,the Battle of Pylos,in 425 BC during the Peloponnesian War.,(,伯罗奔尼撒战争),the Battle of Navarino,in 1827 during the Greek War of Independence.,9,History of Pylos,01,Bronze Age Pylos,02,Classical Pylos,03,Middle Age Pylos,04,First Venetian and first Ottoman periods,05,Second Venetian period,ottoman reconquest and Greek Independence,06,The modern town,It was excavated by Carl Blegen between 1939 and 1952.,Athenian politician Cleon sent an expedition to Pylos where the Atheniens fortified the rocky promontory now known as Old Pylos,It,was built by the troops of General Maison during the subsequent French Morea expedition of 1828-1833,10,Structure,The Archaeologists Who Wouldnt Dig,11,OUTLINE,01,A great discovery and its significance(12),02,Introduction about archaeologists who dont dig(314),(How do they use PRAP),03,Introduction about the story:,Sandy Ploys(1519),12,A sample of,Linear B,script,the earliest Greek writing,1450 BC,and an adaptation of the earlier Minoan Linear A script.,T,his piece contains information on the distribution of bovine,pig and deer hides to shoe and saddle-makers.These clay tablets were fortuitously preserved when they were baked in the Mycenaean palace of Pylos fire 250 years later.,Linear B,13,OUTLINE,01,A great discovery and its significance(12),02,Introduction about archaeologists who dont dig(314),(How do they use PRAP),03,Introduction about the story:,Sandy Ploys(1519),14,The Ploys Regional Archaeological Project,PRAP,is a multi-disciplinary,diachronic archaeological expedition formally organized in 1990 to investigate the history of prehistoric and historic settlement and land use in western Messenia in Greece,in an area centered on the Bronze Age administrative center known as Palace of Nestor.The project has employed the techniques of archaeological surface survey,along with natural environmental investigations(geological,geomorphological,geophysical,and paleobotanical).PRAP has been funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities,the National Geographic Society,the Institute for Aegean Prehistory,the Louise Taft Semple Fund,the Department of Classics of the University of Cincinnati,the Department of Classics of the University of Illinois at Chicago and numerous private donors.,15,OUTLINE,01,A great discovery and its significance(12),02,Introduction about archaeologists who dont dig(314),(How do they use PRAP),03,Introduction about the story:,Sandy Ploys(1519),16,Text Comprehension,The Archaeologists Who Wouldnt Dig,17,TEXT COMPREHENSION,01,What is so important about the discovery of Pylos?,02,What is the special way that PRAP works?,03,Describe the four waves of dramatic environmental change?,18,LANGUAGE NOTES,By,plotting,the locations of ceramics,stone tools and other artifacts that weathered out of the soil across wide areas,PRAP determines large-scale patterns of human activity.,(P3 line5),Plot,:,mark the position of.,e.g.,He started to plot lines of ancient sites.,散布在大范围区域内的陶器、石具和许多其它文物风化到土地表层，通过弄清它们的具体位置，,PRAP,确定了大规模的人类活动方式。,19,LANGUAGE NOTES,The Pylos I was looking for,turned out,to be a short but terrifying taxi ride away:fourteen kilometer north of town,along the Bay of Navarino and then several hundreds yards abruptly uphill,to the beak of a sharp ridge called Ano Englianos.,(P7 line6),Turn out:,prove to be.,e.g.,she turned out to the daughter of an old friend.,要到达我所寻找的皮勒斯，需要再乘坐出租车。这是一段虽短却极为艰难的旅途，出城北行,14,公里，经过那瓦利诺海湾，然后沿着突兀的山坡爬行数百码，爬上被称作阿诺,恩格利诺斯的陡峭山脊顶部。,20,LANGUAGE NOTES,Collected and plotted,the age-,sorted,sherds pile up electronically around certain sites,indicating peaks of activity and population.,(P14 line8),Sort:,to arrange systematically in groups,separate according to class,type,etc.,e.g.,She sorted out her clothes,some to be kept,some to be thrown away.,这些搜集和整理的按年代划分的陶器碎片经过电子计算机处理，标在一些场地周围，表明人类活动和人口的高峰点。而调查就是要找到这样的模式。,21,LANGUAGE NOTES,Those explosions set off the first of what pollen and soil samples show were four waves of dramatic environmental change,which gradually wiped out the native vegetation and,stripped away,most of the topsoil.,(P17 line3),Strip away,:,remove the covering.,这些膨胀引起花粉样本和土壤样本所展示的四个激进环境变化浪潮中的第一个,渐渐地抹去原有的植被，侵蚀掉大部分的表层土。,22,Sandy Pylos,This book traces the archaeological history of Pylos and surrounding regions in Messenia from the Palaeolithic to the present.Designed as much for general readers and travelers interested in ancient Greece as for scholars,the volume presents the findings of the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project(PRAP),which has intensively studied the region over the past 15 years,assessing PRAPs impact and outlining new discoveries in the region.,23,Releated Information,The Archaeologists Who Wouldnt Dig,24,How to understand more easily,01,Classification(分类),02,Comparison/contrast(比较),03,Cause/effect(因果),04,Problem/solution(问题与解决方法),学术性文章的分类,25,How to understand more easily,Classification,指的是文章对某一个大的话题进行分类讨论，这类文章结构非常清晰，能够让我们一目了然.,Cause/effect又称现象解释型,指的是一篇文章讨论的话题是一个现象，就这个现象的形成原因或是产生的结果花了大量篇幅进行介绍.,Problem/solution解决方法类,指的是文章一开头就抛出一个问题，而主题内容是在就这个问题进行探讨给出答案.此类文章最明显的特征就是在开头段背景引入部分会引入问题，然后下面就会进行各种解释。,26,How to understand more easily,Comparison/contrast,指的是文章中含有两种相关事物，将这两种事物在各个方面进行了一系列的比较，其实整体结构类似于上面所说的分类.在碰到这种类型的文章时，往往最后会出到表格题，需要总结两个比较对象的特征.表格题区别于小结题的一大特点是，选项中包含的细节比较多，不同于小结题的选项高度概括，表格题本质上其实是基于全文的细节题，需要看的内容比较多，所以在前面看文章时需要记好笔记，将文章主要行文结构弄清楚，这两类事物本质区别是什么?分别是在哪些段落讲述了各自的特征?确定好大的框架，最后做题时进行定位不至于慌乱,。,27,How to understand more easily,(1),Topic 话题,：即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研,究某种社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;在托福文章中，这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解;,(3),Attitude态度,：即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或 是积极肯定，或是消极否定，或是保持中立。,Topic话题+Aspects方面+Attitude态度，这三要素加起来就是 标准学术论文体的,T+A+A,篇章结构。,(2),Aspects,方面,：即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点，则方面可能分为若干个支持论据,;,若话题 为某种自然现象，则方面可能分为若干个内外成因,;,若话题为某个历史事件，则方面为几段发展时期,;,在这种阅读题材中，往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系，将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落，共同组成行文主体,;,学术性文章结构，一般需要具备三个组成部分,28,How to understand more easily,(1)Topic Sentence 主旨句：,表达段落的主旨，即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么;,(2)Detail 细节：,为了详细说明段落中心含义，所罗列的相关支持 内容，即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。,Topic Sentence主旨句+Detail细节，这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的,TS+D段落结构。,学术性文章的段落结构，一般需要具备两个组成部分,29,ANSWER KEY,Text,A:b,B:1-5 badcd 6-8 abc,D:1-5 dabac 6-10 dabca 11-15 cabca 16-19 cdba,Fast Reading,1-5 accdb 6-10 abccd 11-15 cbcad,Home Reading,1-5 bcdac 6-10 bdadd,30,