现在完成时讲解(经典)PPT学习课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时,1,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been,与,have gone,比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,2,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have(has,）,+,过去分词,3,present(now),future,past,现在完成时,(present perfect tense),do my homework,4,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,-It,s so dark.,-Someone has turned off the light.,(,有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是,:,现在很黑,),-Are you free?,-I have finished my homework.I am free,(,我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空,),主菜单,1.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,5,现在完成时的主要用法,2.,表示,过去某一时间,开始并,一直持续到现在,的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，谓语动词多用延续性动词,。,（这一用法与,现在完成进行时,相同：,have/has+been+v.ing,。）,They have lived here,for 30 years,.,他们已经在这儿住了,30,年。,(30,年以前开始住在这儿，现在还住在这儿。,),I have learned English,since I was five years old,.,我从五岁时就学英语。,（五岁时开始学英语，到现在还在学。）,6,现在完成时的运用,:,1,）,already,和,yet,already,用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，,在句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。,yet,用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。,I have,already,finished my homework.,I havent finished my homework,yet,.,7,2,）,ever,和,never,ever,用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中,位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。,never,用于句中，,助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，,表示否定意义。,He has,ever,been to Paris.,He has,never,been to Paris.,8,3,）,just,表示,“,刚刚,”,（用于完成时态时，与,already,，,never,等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词,have/has,和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back.,他刚刚回来。,They have just finished the work.,他们刚刚完成那项工作。,9,4,）,for,和,since,for,后面跟一段时间，,since,后面跟的是时间点,，这个时间点可能是单词、短语或一般过去时的句子。,带有,for,或,since,短语的句子，谓语动词要用延续性动词。,He has been here,for,three days,.,He has been here,since,yesterday,.,He has been here,since,two days ago,/,last Monday,.,He has been here,since,his wife died,.,10,3.,表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的,经历,.,上一页,下一页,I have,ever,been,to the Summer Palace?,(,我曾去过颐和园,),I,have,never,had,a car.,(,我从未有过汽车。,),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,11,现在完成时的,时间状语,常与,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few weeks,these days,since,for a long time,连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,12,上一页,下一页,I have learnt English for more than,ten years.,我已经学了,10,多年的英语。,(,从,10,年前开始,持续到现在还在学,),She has swum since half an hour ago.,我已经游泳了半个小时,(,半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游,),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.,表示,过去,已经开始,持续到,现在的动作或状态,.,常与,since+,过去的时间点，,for+,一段时间，,so far,等时间状语连用。,13,1.,for,+,Eg.I have been here,for,5 weeks.,Hes studied English,for,3 years.,一段时间,14,2.,since,+,从句,(,一般过去时,),单词,词组,(,表示过去某一时间的,),时间点,Eg.I have been here,since 2000.,I have been here,since 5 years ago,.,I have been here,since I graduated in 2000,.,15,注,2),:,对,for,或,since,引导的时间状语提问 必须用,how long,决不能用,when.,Eg.I have lived here,for 10 years,.,How long,have you lived here?,She has stood here,since 2 hour ago,.,How long,has she stood here?,16,4.,过去分词的构成：,规则动词过去分词的构成和过去式一样，不规则,动词的过去分词见课本（八下或九年级课本最后,一页）。,记忆不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，可以分为,以下几类来记：,17,A A A,型,原形、过去式和过去分词同形：,hit,hit hit,cost,cost cost,let,let let,put,put put,read,read read,18,A B B,型,过去式和过去分词同形：,buy,bought bought,feel,felt felt,find,found found,have,had had,19,A B C,型,原形、过去式和过去分词各异,do,did done,fly,flew flown,write,wrote written,go,went gone,20,A B A,型,原形与过去分词同形,come,came come,become,became become,A A B,型,原形与过去式同形,beat,beat beaten,21,延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）,延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：,learn,work,keep,have,wait,stay,等。,延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。,非延续性动词,也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示,不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,如,:die,begin,finish,come,go,open,leave,join,marry/get married,等。,22,leave-,come/go(to)-,arrive(at/in)-,get(to)-,reach-,buy-,borrow-,finish-,join-,start/begin-,die-,close-,open-,return-,marry-,become-,be away(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,be over,be in,/,be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,23,短暂性,动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中,不能与时间段连用,，这些动词是：,become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的,延续性动词,来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,24,become,be,begin,have,borrow,keep,buy ,have,come(go,arrive,get),be here/there/in,，,die,be,dead,finish,be over,join,be in,（,be a member of,）,leave,be away(from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,25,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。,如：,I haven,t bought the bike for a year.,我买这辆自行车还不到一年。,She hasn,t come here for an hour.,她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,26,翻 译 练 习：,1.,我买了这块手表五年了。,2.,这位老人已经死了十年了。,I,have bought,this watch for five years.,I,have had,this watch,for,five years/,since,5 years,ago.,The old man,has died,for ten years.,The old man,has been dead,for ten,years/since 10,years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,27,3.,他已经回来三天了。,4.,自从六点钟他就来这儿了。,5.,我离开家乡已十年了。,He,has come back,for 3 days.,He,has been back,for,3 days/,since,3,days,ago,.,He,has come here,since 6 o,clock.,He,has been here,since 6 o,clock.,I,have left,hometown for 10 years.,I,have been away from,hometown for 10,years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,28,have been,与,have gone,的用法比较,have been to,意思是,“,到过，去过,”,，表示,曾经到过某处,，但现在人不在那儿。,have gone to,意思是,“,去了,”,，表示,已经去了,某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。,have been in,意思是,“,呆在某处一段时间了,”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,29,用,have been to,have gone to,have been in,的适当形式填空,1.-Where is Tom?He,has gone to,the library.,2.How many times,have,you,been to,Paris?,3.I havent seen you for a long time.Where,have,you,been,?I,have been to,Guangzhou.,4.How long,have,you,been in,this school?I,have,been in,this school for three years.,5.My brother,has been in,the army since he left,high school.,30,与一般过去时的用法比较,一,.,现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，,但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）,;,而一般过去时，则只,讲述,发生在过去的动作和事情,与现在没有关系,。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,31,eg,：,He has bought an English-Chinese,dictionary.,他已经买了一本英汉字典。,He bought an English-Chinese,dictionary.,他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页,第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：,“,He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it,”,“,过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典,”,。,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强,调说明。,主菜单,32,二当有一个表示,过去某一特定时间,的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时,:,上一页,下一页,eg:,I saw the film on television,yesterday,.,但,since(,自,以来,)+,某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg,：,They have known each other,since 1950,.,Since he was a child,he has lived in England.,主菜单,33,三常与一般过去时连用的典型的,表示过去时间的状语,:,上一页,下一页,yesterday(,昨天,),the day before yesterday(,前天,),just now(,刚才,),，时间,+ago,last+,时间 等,;,eg:,The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week.,主菜单,34,动 词 填 空：,1._ you _(clean)the room?,Yes,we _(do)that,already,.,When _ you _(do)it?,We _(do)it,an hour ago,.,2._ he _(see)this film,yet,?Yes.,When _ he _(see)it?,He _ it,last week,.,3.How many times _you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,35,4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.,5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.,How _ she _(go)there?,She _(go)there by air.,6.,So far,many countries _(develop),their software programs.,7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking,last year,.,8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking,since last year,.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,主菜单,36,选用,for,和,since,填空,:,1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.,2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.,3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.,4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.,5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.,6.Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,37,用,Have been to,have gone to,have been in,填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.,Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.,_ you ever _ to kunming?Never.,Where _ you _ these days?,Has Jim arrived yet?,Yes,he _ here for several days.,Where is Peter?I don,t know where he _.,Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei,is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,38,改 错,1.How long have you,begun to study,English?,2.I have,borrowed,this book for two weeks.,3.The river has,become,very dirty since last August.,4.Our manager is away today.He has,been,to Guangzhou on business.,5.He has,gone,out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,39,The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.,A didn,t clean B hadn,t cleaned C don,t clean D haven,t cleaned,2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.,-Yes,it all depends on the weather.,A I,ve been told B I,ve told C I,m told D I told,3.-I,m sorry to keep you waiting.,-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.,A have been B had been C was D will be,4.You don,t need to describe her.I _ her several times.,A.had met B have met C met D meet,5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I don,t know if I can go.A was planning B have planned,C had been planning D have been planning,40,6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave,7-Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.,A is B would C was D were,9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read,C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts,41,