基于多系统集成仿真方法的燃气轮机动态特性仿真研究.pdf

Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery第65卷，2023年第3期Http:/turbo- Vol.65，2023,No.3Dynamic Characteristics Simulation of Gas Turbine Based onDynamic Characteristics Simulation of Gas Turbine Based onMulti-system Integration Simulation MethodMulti-system Integration Simulation Method*Zhi-tao Wang1,*Tian-hao Guan1Jia-fan Luo1Jing Wang1Bai-he Wang2（1.College of PowerandEnergyEngineering,HarbinEngineeringUniversity；2.AECCShenyangEngineResearchInstitute）Abstract：In order to simulate the actual operation process of gas turbine more accurately,this paper uses multi-system integration simulation technology to study the dynamic characteristics of gas turbine.Firstly,considering thefactors such as variable stator vanes,air extraction,cooling mixing and multiple inertias,a refined model of gasturbine is established.Then,AMESim is used to establish the model of the VSV actuator of the gas turbine,andFlowmaster is used to establish the model of the secondary air system of the gas turbine.Finally,the multi-systemintegration simulation model of gas turbine is established by using interface technology to study the dynamiccharacteristics of gas turbine under load mutation.The simulation results show that the established multisystemsimulation model of gas turbine can effectively simulate the dynamic operation process of gas turbine under thecondition of load mutation,which is of great significance to the simulation research of gas turbine.Keywords：Gas Turbine；Multi-system Integration Simulation；Dynamic CharacteristicDOI:10.16492/j.fjjs.2023.03.00131IntroductionIntegrated Power System(IPS)integrates ship propul-sion system and auxiliary system,and provides the energyneeded by the whole ship in the form of electric power.It isexpected to become the main form of new ship power in thefuture.Gas turbine has many advantages such as high powerdensity,short start-up time and small vibration noise,whichmakes the gas turbine power generation module play an im-portant role in IPS.Ship power grid is a complex isolated is-land system with small capacity,time-varying,nonlinear andstrong coupling characteristics.The ship power grid capacityis small,while some equipment capacity is large.Whenthese devices start and stop,they will have a great impact onthe ship power grid.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a pre-cise gas turbine model to study its dynamic characteristicswhen the load changes suddenly.Each kind of commercial simulation software belongsto the specific discipline domain,supports the specific di-mension simulation model,has own unique superiority.Ifthe models constructed by different simulation software canbe coupled together for research,it can not only give fullplay to the respective advantages of software to meet differ-ent needs in the development process of gas turbine devices,but also improve the accuracy of the model.For integrated simulation research,foreign technologiesare relatively mature.The NPSS(Numerical Propulsion Sys-tem Simulation)platform developed by the United States canrealize the high precision and high-performance numericalsimulation of multi-dimensional and multidisciplinary cou-pling of gas turbines,which greatly improves the productionand research efficiency of gas turbines in the United States1-4.PROOSIS(Propulsion Object-Oriented Simulation Soft-ware)simulation software developed by EU can realize mul-tidisciplinary coupling aero-engine overall design and inte-grated system simulation relying on its rich professional com-ponent library5.For the application of PROOSIS,Sethi6established the advanced performance simulation model ofcombustion chamber and reheat combustion chamber.Ra-manathan7 conducted a coupled simulation of PROOSISand CFD to predict the performance of the turbofan enginein the windmill state.For the application of NPSS platform,Chin8 proposed a method to improve the interface betweenNPSS platform framework and various control and dynamicanalysis developed in Matlab/Simulink environment.Mexis9 compares PROOSIS and NPSS software platforms fromthe aspects of modeling operation,simulation principle andsimulation results.In China,Li Tielei of Harbin Engineering University10-11 designed a integrated simulation platform with multi-soft-ware cooperation and a distributed integrated simulation plat-form for marine gas turbines.Wang Zhitao and Bai Bing12-*Funding:National Science and Technology Major Project(J2019-I-0012-0012)*Corresponding author:Zhi-tao Wang， 77Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery15 studied the influence of variable geometry compressoron the performance of the whole machine,established a zero-dimensional model of the gas turbine and a one-dimensionalmodel of the variable stator vanes,and realized the couplingsimulation between them.Liu Rui16-17 established the in-tegrated simulation model of intercooled gas turbine basedon the integrated simulation method and studied its dynamicperformance and control strategy.Firstly,this paper adopts the modular modeling methodto establish the model of gas turbine.The model of the VSVactuator is established on the AMESim platform.The modelof secondary air system is established on Flowmaster plat-form.Then,the interface technology is used to connect thevarious simulation models to establish the gas turbine multi-system integration simulation model.Finally,the simulationmodel is used to study the dynamic characteristics of gas tur-bine under load mutation.2Methods2.1Gas Turbine ModelIn this paper,a three-shaft gas turbine dynamic simula-tion model is established,which is mainly composed of highpressure compressor,low pressure compressor,combustionchamber,high pressure turbine,low pressure turbine,powerturbine,rotor module and volume module.The low pressurecompressor considers the influence of the guide vane,andthe turbine should consider the influence of cooling mixing.As one of the three cores of the gas turbine,the mainfunction of the compressor is to compress the air and send itto the combustion chamber.In this paper,the influence of theVSV on the compressor is considered,and the equations areas follows18:c,a-1=(tc,map-1)1+k(100)(1)Gc,=Gc,map1+kG(100)(2)c,=c,map1-k(100)2(3)Where,c,map,Gc,map,c,mapdenote respectively the pressure ra-tio,equivalent flow rate and efficiency corresponding to theinterpolation of the compressor characteristic diagram whenthe angle of the VSV is 0.c,a,Gc,a,c,aspectively repr-esent the pressure ratio,equivalent flow rate and efficiencyof the compressor when the guide vane angle is,k,kG,krespectively represent the correction coefficient of pressureratio,equivalent flow rate and efficiency.Combustion chamber is a component that mixes fueland high pressure air transmitted from compressor andburns.The combustion chamber is usually assumed to be avolume cavity,and the parameters of the combustion cham-ber are calculated according to the laws of energy conserva-tion and mass conservation.The role of turbine is to convert the internal energy ofhigh-temperature gas into the mechanical energy of turbinerotation,which drives the compressor or load to rotate.Themodeling method of turbine is similar to that of compressor,and the cooling mixing effect of turbine needs to be consid-ered.The rotor dynamics model can be described by the fol-lowing equation.dndt=900j2n(NT-NC)(4)Where,n is the speed,and the unit is r/min;J is rotational in-ertia,and the unit is kg/m2;NTis turbine power,and the unitis kW;NCis compressor power,and the unit is kW.The volume module simplifies the flow path betweenthe components of the gas turbine into a cavity for consider-ation,ignoring the energy exchange and internal pressurechange,and represents the pressure of the cavity with an av-erage pressure.The volume inertia equation is as follows.dPdt=RgTV(Gin-Gout)(5)Where,Pis average pressure in cavity,and the unit is kPa;Vis volume of cavity,and the unit is m3,Rgis gas constant,and the unit is J/(kg K);GinandGoutare import and exportflow of cavity,and the unit is kg/s.2.2VSV Actuator Model2.2.1Basic composition and working principleThe schematic diagram of the VSV actuator is shown inFig.1.It is a typical hydraulic system composed of two hy-draulic cylinders,rotating mechanism,displacement sensor,accumulator,fuel supply system,servo control valve group,relief valve group and other related components.The work-ing process of the actuator is that when a set value is input,two hydraulic cylinder piston rods begin to move.The dis-placement sensor measures the moving position of the pistonrod of the hydraulic cylinder.The system compares the real-time signal with the input signal to correct the position of thepiston rod.The piston rod is connected with the VSV of thegas turbine,and the position of the piston rod corresponds tothe rotation angle of the blade,so as to complete the adjust-ment of the angle of the VSV.2.2.2Simulation modelSince the VSV actuator is a typical hydraulic system,this paper uses AMESim software to model and simulate it.AMESim has a variety of hydraulic components library,suchas Hydraulic,Hydraulic Component Design and HydraulicResistance.Modular modeling method can be used to reducemodeling difficulty and improve modeling speed.At theFig.1The schematic diagram of the VSV actuatorDynamic Characteristics Simulation of Gas Turbine Based on Multi-system Integration Simulation Method 78Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery第65卷，2023年第3期Http:/turbo- Vol.65，2023,No.3same time,AMESim provides interfaces with a variety ofsoftware,which can be combined with a variety of softwareto complete complex simulation work.According to the sche-matic diagram,the simulation model of the VSV actuator isestablished,as shown in Fig.2.The simulation model is aclosed-loop feedback system.2.3Secondary Air System Model2.3.1Structural designAccording to the turbine mechanism,the part structureof secondary air system cooling high and low pressure tur-bines is designed.The turbine cooling air is extracted fromthe end of the high pressure compressor and is divided intotwo parts,one for cooling the high pressure turbine,the otherfor cooling the low pressure turbine and the power turbine.According to the structure of secondary air system in highpressure turbine and low pressure turbine,the cooling struc-ture of power turbine is designed.The part of the residualcooling air extracted from the end of the high pressure com-pressor is divided into two parts through the chamber,whichcools the primary stationary blade and the first stage of rotat-ing blade respectively.The overall structure diagram of secondary air system isshown in Fig.3.2.3.2Simulation modelAccording to the structure of the designed secondary airsystem,the simulation model is established on the Flowmas-ter platform,as shown in Fig.4.It is mainly composed of thefollowing components:cavity components,pipeline compo-nents,orifice components,passage components,sealing com-ponents.Cavity components are commonly used to simulatethe dynamic and static disk cavity of the system.Pipelinecomponents are used to simulate the pipeline system fortransporting air extracted from high pressure compressors.Orifice elements are used to simulate narrow passagesthrough which air passes from one volume to another largervolume.The passage component is used to simulate the pre-swirl nozzle.2.4Interface-based Multi-system Integration Sim-ulation MethodMulti-system integration simulation requires interfacesas channels to connect different simulation software.Eachsoftware sends and receives data through interfaces.In thispaper,the VSV actuator model,secondary air system modeland gas turbine model are integrated into a multi-system inte-gration simulation model through the interfaces,as shown inFig.5.The VSV actuator is connected to the gas turbinethrough interface A,and the parameters passed betweenthem are shown in Tab.2.The secondary air system is con-nected to the gas turbine through interface B,and the parame-ters passed between them are shown in Tab.3.3Results and DiscussionIn this paper,the established multi-system integrationsimulation model is used to conduct dynamic simulation re-search on the three-shaft gas turbine for marine power gener-ation.Study on dynamic characteristics of gas turbine underload mutation with constant speed.The simulation results arecorrected based on the rated conditions.3.1Sudden Drop in LoadThe gas turbine simulation process is as follows:0s to10s,the gas turbine is maintained at the rated conditions;atFig.2The simulation model of VSV actuatorTab.1Main component parameters of actuatorComponentNameHydraulic cylinderThreepositionfourport hydraulic valveRelief valveAccumulatorGear pumpParameter NameHydraulic cylinder diameter/mmPiston rod diameter/mmlength of stroke/mmMass of piston rod/kgNatural frequency/HzDamping ratioRated current/mARelief valve cracking pressure/kPaAccumulator volume/LPressure/kPaPump displacement/(mL/rev)Pump speed/(r/min)ParameterValue6336500.520022010000470003.151500Fig.3Structure diagram of secondary air system 79Chinese Journal of TurbomachineryVSV Actuator to Gas TurbineAngleGas Turbine to VSV ActuatorAngleAerodynamic forceSAS to Gas TurbineAir extraction rate of HP compressorCooling air flow rate of HP turbine stationary bladeTemperature of HP turbine stationary bladeCooling air flow rate of HP turbine rotating bladeTemperature of HP turbine rotating bladeCooling air flow rate of LP turbine stationary bladeTemperature of LP turbine stationary bladeCooling air flow rate of LP turbine rotating bladeTemperature of LP turbine rotating bladeCooling air flow rate of power turbine stationary bladeTemperature of power turbine stationary bladeCooling air flow rate of power turbine rotating bladeTemperature of power turbine rotating bladeGas Turbine to SASOutlet pressure of HP compressorOutlet Temperature of HP compressor outletInlet pressure of HP turbineInlet temperature of HP turbineInlet pressure of LP turbineInlet temperature of LP turbineInlet pressure of power turbineInlet temperature of power turbineTab.3Transfer parameters of secondary air system and gas turbineFig.4Simulation model of secondary air systemFig.5Multi-system integration simulation model of three-shaft gas turbineTab.2Transfer parameters of VSV actuator and gas turbineDynamic Characteristics Simulation of Gas Turbine Based on Multi-system Integration Simulation Method 80Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery第65卷，2023年第3期Http:/turbo- Vol.65，2023,No.310s,the sudden drop of load reached 80%,and the VSV wasadjusted to 10;10s to 25s,the gas turbine runs at 80%con-dition.The simulation results of gas turbine under load dumpare shown in the Fig.6.At 10s,the command is given.Sincethe model of the actuator is established in this paper,and theinfluence of time delay is fully considered,the guide vane istransferred to the specified angle after 2.5s.The fuel flow de-creases with the decrease of the load power of the gas tur-bine,and rises slightly from 10.1s to 15s.During the recov-ery period,the recovery speed slows down due to the changeof the a