八年级句子专练.doc

八年级句子专练
二. 反义疑问句（The Disjunctive Question）
它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。
反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，
两部分的人称时态应保持一致。有两种形式：
1. 陈述部分肯定式＋疑问部分否定式
2. 陈述部分否定式＋疑问部分肯定式
They work hard, don’t they?
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
You didn’t go, did you?
He can’t ride a bike, can he?
请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：
1. 当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时，后面的疑问句应表示为：
I am a student, aren’t I?
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they?
Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?
Nobody will go, will they?
2. 当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则表示为：
There are few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
3. 当陈述部分是I think加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。
I think chickens can swim, can’t they?
I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she?
I didn’t think he was happy, was he?
4. 陈述部分有had better时，疑问句应用hadn’t开头：
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
5. 当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
Let us go out for a walk, will you?
Turn on the radio, will you?
6. 反义疑问句的回答用yes，no，但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，要按事实回答。如：
They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？
Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对，他们工作不努力。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词适当形式填空。
1. His____（high）is1.65m.
2. There are many ____（sheep）in the field.
3. She does nothing, her job is taking good care of her_______（baby）.
4. There clothes_____（make）of cotton.
5. It is too_____（danger）to play with a tiger.
6. Mike _____（sing）this song several times.
7. —Look at this picture; it is very beautiful.
—Oh, I _____（see）it before.
8. —My car ____（lose）.
—I am sorry to hear that.
9.Look, here is an ___（excite）news.
Ⅱ. 单项填空。
1. We have read for an hour. Now let’s stop ____a rest.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
2. How clean and tidy your room is!
—Thank you. It____ every day.
A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. was cleaning D. is cleaning
3. —How long may I ____the book?
—For five weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
4. The size of this house is much _____than that one.
A. stronger B. bigger C. faster D. cleaner
5. I was reading a newspaper _____my brother fell on the ground.
A. when B. whether C. where D. as soon as
6. The parents told their children football on the street.
A. played B. to play C. not play D. not to play
7. Which is ____to learn, swimming or skating?
A. easier B. the easier C. more easily D. easiest
8. Must we finish the homework before six?
No, you ____.You may do it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. can’t
9. They won’t go to the park if it ____tomorrow.
A. rains B. will rain C. is raining D. rain
10. Alice returned from the manager’s office, ___me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling

学习现在完成时
一、构成
1. 肯定式：have (has)＋动词的过去分词。例如：
They have bought a computer. 他们买了一台电脑。
The Wangs have been to England once. 王先生一家去过英国一次。
【提示】have 和 has 是助动词, 无具体含义。两者的缩略形式分别为’ve 和’s。当主语是第三人称单数时用has；其他人称用have。
2. 否定式：have (has)＋not＋动词的过去分词。 例如：
We haven’t finished reading the book. 我们还没有读完这本书。
Lucy hasn’t found her dictionary so far. 露西目前还没有找到她的词典。
3. 一般疑问式：Have / Has＋主语＋过去分词＋…? 例如：
—Have you seen her lost dictionary? 你看见她丢失的词典了吗?
—Yes, I have. 是的，我看见了。
二、用法
1. 表示“完成”
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。谓语可以是延续性动词或非延续性动词。例如：
I have just washed my face. 我刚刚洗了脸。（“洗脸”的动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：脸是干净的。）
She has seen the film. 她看过这部电影。（“看电影”的动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：了解电影的内容。）
2. 表示“未完成”
表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在或将来的动作或状态。谓语必须是延续性动词。例如：
She’s studied English for about two years. 她学英语大约有两年了。（现在已学了两年，有可能仍在继续学。）
We have lived here since we were born. 自从出生以来，我们一直住在这里。（现在住在这里，可能会继续住下去。）
三、标志词
与现在完成时连用的常见副词：already, just, yet, ever, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中；yet, ever, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。例如：
I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。
He has just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。
Have you ever heard this song？你曾听过这首歌吗？
I. 用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. ---I ________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.
--- Where and when ________ you _______ (see) it?
--- Last week.
2. More than 15 years __________ (pass) since I______(become) a teacher.
3. Mary _____ already _______ (have)her supper.
4. I _______ (not want) to see the film. I _______ (see) it with my parents. We _____ (see) it last Sunday.
5. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend)the TV yet?
---Yes, he______.
---When _____ he _____ it?
--- Yesterday.
6. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?
7. They _____already_____(do) their homework. But they don’t know what_____ (do)next.
8. ---____ you _____ (see)the film last night?
---No, I _____ (see) it for several times.
9. She ______ (be) ill for three days.
10. My father bought a book for me. He____ already ____(pay) fifty yuan for it.
11. She _____just _____(wash) the coat, hasn’t she?
12. She______ (not read) this book before.
13. ____ you ever _____ (travel) on a train before?
14. ---____ Wei Hua _____ (come) yet?
---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now.
15. ---How long _____you ______(learn) English?
--- For more than two years.
16. It ____ (be) two months since he______(leave) his hometown.
17. They ______ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China.
宾语从句同步练习
1．在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
● Do you know what is Jim doing? 你知道吉姆在干什么吗？
● He told me he had seen the film before. 他告诉我以前他已经看过那部电影了。
2．宾语从句在句子中的作用。
（1）作动词的宾语。
● She asked me where the restroom is. 她问我休息室在哪里。
（2）作介词的宾语。
● Do you agree to what he said just now? 你同意他刚才说的话么？
（3）作形容词的宾语。
● I am afraid that he is still in hospital. 恐怕他现在还在住院。
（4）It 作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则是that 引导的宾语从句，放在句尾。
● We heard it that they would build many strong buildings because of the earthquake. 我们听说由于地震他们将要修建很多坚固的房子。
3．宾语从句的引导词
（1）That引导的宾语从句：当宾语从句是陈述句时，由that引导，这时that在句中无意义，也不充当任何成分，常常可以省略。
●We heard that she was coming next month. 我们听说下个月她要来。
友情提示
：引 if引导的宾语从句如果跟在think ,believe, expect等表示“相信，认为”等的动词后面时，句子的否定要体现在主句上。
I don●I don’t think it’s a good idea to have classes on Saturday. 我认为在星期六上课不是一个好主意。
（2）在Whether, if 引导的宾语从句：当宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问时，由whether, if 引导，表示“是否，是不是”等。
He as●He asked me if there is a hospital near here. 他问我附近是否有医院。
●T ●They are talking about whether they will go to the party. 他们正在讨论是否要参加那个晚会。

特别提示：当从句中有or not，或者是从句作介词的宾语时，不能用if ，只能用whether. eg:
We don’t know whether the meeting will be held or not. 我们不知道会议是不是要举行。
（3）由连接代词和连接副词引导。
●I don’t know when she will come 我不知道她将什么时候来。
●Could you tell me how many people were killed in Wenchuan earthquake? 你能告诉我在汶川地震中死了多少人吗？
4．宾语从句的语序：宾语从句必须是陈述句语序，即按照主语+谓语+其他的顺序。eg:
●Could you tell me what they are doing? 你能告诉我他们正在做什么吗？
●Do you know where I can exchange money? 你知道我在哪儿可以换钱吗？
5．宾语从句的时态：在宾语从句中，从句的时态应该和主句保持一致，具体如下：
（1）当从句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中的谓语可以根据句意使用任何需要的时态：
●She says she is leaving for Hong Kong next week. 她说下周她将去香港。
●She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. 她不知道她已经病的很厉害了。
（2）当主句的谓语是过去时态时，从句中的谓语只能使用过去范畴里的时态，即一般过去式，过去进行时，过去将来时和过去完成时。
●She said that she was watching TV when her father came back. 她说她爸爸回来的时候她正在看电视。
●He asked me if I had read that book before. 他问我以前是否读过那本书。
特别提示：当宾语从句属于客观事实和真理时，不论主句是何种时态，从句只能使用一般现在时。
●The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 老师说光的传播速度比声音要快的多。
●Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 科学家已经证明地球是绕着太阳转的。
宾语从句专项练习：
1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.
  A. where does she live       B. Where she lives
  C. where did she live       D. where she lived
2. Would you please tell me ________?
  A. when did he come home
  B. where he would play football
  C. if he had seen the film
  D. why he didn’t watch the game
 3. I don’t know when __________.
  A. will the train leave        B. the train will leave
  C. would the train leave       D. the train leave
 4. ---We don’t know _____________.
  ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
  A. what he is  B. if he lives here
  C. where he comes from         D. which country is he from
5. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?
  A. what will Tom do    B. what did Tom do
  C. what Tom will do    D. what Tom did
6. I want to know_________.
  A. what is his name      B. what’s his name
  C. that his name is       D. what his name is
7. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?
  A. that  B. whether  C. what  D. which
8. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
  A. which is the way to the museum
  B. why his wife always goes shopping
  C. what is the way to the museum
  D. why does she always go shopping
9. Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
  A. that  B. whose  C. who  D. which
10. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
  A. when does his son come home
  B. when his son comes home
  C. when did his son come home
  D. when his son came home
11. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
  A. how does he mend   B. how he mends
  C. how he mended      D. how did he mend
12. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?
  ---Usually it comes by 4: 00.
  A. how  B. where  C. when  D. what
13. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
  ---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
  A. how we can get to the post office
  B. how can we get to the post office
  C. how get to the post office
  D. how could we get to the post office
14. ---Can I help you?
   ---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
   A. how soon will it   B. how soon it will
   C. how long it will   D. how long will it
15. He wanted to know ___________.
   A. whether he speaks at the meeting
   B. when the meeting would start
   C. what he’s going to do at the meeting
   D. where would the meeting be held
16. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?
   ---The day after tomorrow, I think.
   A. when will you visit       B. when you will visit
   C. when would you visit    D. when you would visit
17. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr. Wang?
   A. what should we do      B. we should do what
   C. what we should do      D. should we do what
18. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
   A. that  B. when  C. where  D. whether
19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
   A. they had had                  B. have they had
   C. they have had                 D. had they had
20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
   A. how  B. why  C. that  D. when
 1. D 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。
2. D 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
3. B 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。
4. C 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。
5. C. 这个题主要考察宾语从句的时态和语序。因为是coming summer holiday，排除B，D，在通过陈述句语序来排除A。
6. D 宾语从句后接陈述句语序，故选D。
7. B 当宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问时，由whether, if 引导，表示“是否，是不是”等。故选B。
8. B 这个题考察了宾语从句连接副词的确定和宾语从句的语序，通过doesn’t understand初步确定B和D，再通过语序排除D，故B才是正确答案。
9. C 你能告诉我她正在找谁吗？确定选C。
10. D 这个题主要考察宾语从句的时态和语序，通过didn’t know排除A，B，宾语从句需要用陈述句语序，故选D。
11. C this morning确定用过去式，再加上陈述句语序，故选C。
12. C 由答句it comes by 4: 00来确定应该选C。when表示什么时候。
13. A 宾语从句用陈述句语序。故选A。这个复合句也可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构来进行转化，也可以说成would you please tell me how to get to the post office.
14. C 花费多长时间用“how long”，宾语从句用陈述句语序，两者兼顾故选C。
15. B 通过wanted to know 确定从句的时态需要用过去范畴里的时态，排除A和C，再通过陈述句语序排除D，故选B。
16. B 宾语从句用陈述句语序，故选B。
17. C 这个题同样是考察宾语从句的语序，C才是符合主语+谓语+其他的顺序。
18. D whether做引导词表是否，是不是的意思。
19. C have one’s temperature taken表示让别人量体温，每个早晨（医生）都会问病人是否量过体温。宾语从句用陈述句语序，故选C。
20. A 通过by air or by road来判断这里应该填how 。how 表示通过什么方式，手段。

一. 句型转换
1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） →
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
2. What does he do? Do you know? （改为宾语从句）→
Do you know _______ he _______?
3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） →
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don’t know. （改为宾语从句）→
I don’t know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
5. “Do you want to try something new?” Tom’s mother asked him. （同义句）→
Tom’s mother asked him _______ _______ _______ to try something new.
6. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
7. I don’t know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don’t know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

二. 选择
1. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who 　 B. what 　 C. when 　 D. where
2. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live 　　　　 B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
3. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
4. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
5. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise 　 B. rose 　 C. rises 　 D. had risen
6. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone 　 B. how long/ has gone
C. how far/ went 　　 D. how far had/ run
7. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter
8. Can you tell me ___________?
A. what are you doing B. where do you study
C. what you were doing D. what to do it
9. I can’t understand _______ the boy alone.
A. why she let B. why did she leave
C. why had she left D. why she had left
10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
11.No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer?
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
13. _______ he’ll come or not isn’t important.
A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What
14. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
15. ─Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I’ve no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did, bought
16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell ____ it would be like in ___ five years?
A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another
17. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
18. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
─Yes. But if it _______, we’ll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
19. I don’t know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________, I’ll meet him.
A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes
C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come
20. I really don’t know if sh