各种课例教案.doc

课例1   读写结合、系统提升
——高三英语话题作文教案
-山东省沂南第一中学   李振永 邮箱：ynlizy@ 
内容简析
话题作文是近几年来高考经常采用的一种命题形式。近些年来，各地的高考试题命题牵涉了众多的与中学生学习和生活相关的话题，有时甚至还不乏社会热点话题，如网络的利与弊；中学生使用手机的利与弊；环境保护与经济发展的矛盾及关系；中小学生素质教育；07年山东卷的免费师范生的话题等等都是社会热点话题。因此，教会高三学生如何进行话题作文的写作，探究话题作文的某些可以掌控的规律等都是必须的。
目标定位
本节课为写作课的教学，但尽管是写作课的教学，由于写作的主题是话题作文，鉴于话题作文的某些特殊性，如要求学生提炼针对某个话题的不同观点，要求学生能对不同的观点进行理性并且客观的分析，进而发表自己的见解…… 诸如此类特点都要求老师不能对写作的内容和素材直接呈现，而是采用和阅读相结合的方法，让学生通过阅读筛选信息，提炼观点，进而就某一相关话题提出自己的观点。然后逐步突进，系统提升学生的写作能力。
（一）知识目标
1、初步掌握某些用于表达观点的英语句型，并能恰当使用。
2、了解英语话题作文的写法，学会对某一相关话题进行审题。
（二）技能目标
  1、能通过对某一相关话题的描述的阅读，提炼有用的信息和相关的观点。
2、能在阅读的基础上理清话题作文所需要展示的话题、观点、及对各种观点的分析并进而提出自己的观点。
3、能最终掌握话题作文的审题要点及写作步骤。
（三）策略目标
1、让学生运用原有的阅读策略把握相关话题并进行阅读技能的迁移，即由阅读技能迁移到写作技能。
2、能让学生通过讨论探究学会英语话题作文的审题。
3、通过相互的交流，相互学习，最终深化对话题作文的写作过程的理解及相关句型的知识储备。
（四）情感态度目标
 通过学生的合作与探究写作培养学生的探究精神和合作意识。
方法选择
阅读与写作结合性教学的方法
即先对学生进行与写作话题相关的阅读理解的训练, 让学生通过阅读获得与该话题或写作任务相关的信息，并将其作为写作的基础,在阅读理解的基础上,马上进行同步的写作教学。这既体现了写作教学中的渐进性原则也达到了阅读教学与写作教学的联动,促进学生英语综合能力的提高。
教学流程
Before-writing
环节一：Useful sentence patterns
Activity: Practise the relative useful sentence drills
The teacher asks the students to discuss in groups and fimd out “which sentences drills can we use to express our opinions” , then summarize the students ansers and get the students to make sentences following them.
The useful drills:
1) People have a discussion about…
2) People who are in favor of it think… For one thing… For another…
3) However, others put forward a totally different view about… They consider it…
4) In my opinion, it is better than…
5) I prefer traveling by train rather than by plane.
6) The advantage of … is that… and the disadvantage of … is that…
【设计意图】话题作文肯定要就某一话题表达自己的观点，因此，在写作前，让学生进行相关句型的探讨、学习和积累实际上是在为写作做准备。这个活动调动个体学生已有的知识储备，同时鼓励学生利用资源策略进行信息搜寻，活动全组参与，也培养了学生的合作意识。
环节二：Sample learning
Activity: The students learn from a writing sample and conclude some writing methods
The teacher first presents a writing sample then let the students study the sample cooperatively, encouraging them to find out some regular patterns of a topic-related composition.
一、典例学习
（07山东）阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120-150词的短文。
    今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教十年以上。你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。
    Suggested answers:
    The Education Department of China has announced that some normal universities will accept a group of free teacher majors this year. The free teacher majors must return to their hometown to work in the primary and middle schools for over 10 years after graduation from the universities.
    In our class, nearly all the top students from families now wish to become teacher majors. I myself wish to go to a normal university, not just because of the education free of charge, but also due to my interest in teaching. I’ve decided to work harder at my lessons in order to make greater contributions to the education cause of our country in the future.
    In my opinion, the education free of charge will attract more talented students to normal universities. That, undoubtedly will result in a better future of China’s education. I think it’s the best choice to have a free teacher education.
Please read the sample above, discuss in groups and answer this question:
What does a topic-related composition contain? (You may answer in Chinese.)
1.
2.
3.

 【设计意图】英语写作教学应该是一种渐进性的教学。一个负责任的老师不能够直接把写作任务布置给学生然后就让学生动笔，应该在布置写作任务前，让学生弄明白该怎么写，对话题作文先要有个初步的认识，然后学生才会去写。而典例学习显然就是这样的一个步骤。
While-writing
环节三：Reading task
Activity: Reading the following topic passage and obtain useful information
The students read the topic passage taken from 21st century, discuss in groups and then find out the useful information.
The government of Dongguan city, Guangdong Province announced last week that the city will ban pig farming within the city starting in 2009.
    Pig farms have become a major source of pollution in the city, according to Dongguan officials. They claim that the pig farming industry is relatively small and the ban wouldn’t impact too many people.
    News of this decision quickly gave rise to criticism and debate in the national media. Many argued that the government’s reason is not valid. After all, in heavily industrialized Guangdong, farming pollution is far smaller an environmental problem than industrial pollution. The real reason behind the government’s decision, some critics claim, is to use the land for more profitable industrial projects which produce more pollution.
    Others agree with the government that pig farms are not the most efficient use of land in Dongguan. They say that small, badly managed pig farms do produce lots of pollution.
    Read the passage above, and answer the following questions.
(to save time, you may just underline the answers in the passage above)
1.       Why will the government of Dongguan ban pig farming?

2.       Some people criticize the government’s decision, why (or what are their reasons)?
a.
b.
3.       Some people agree with the government’s decision, why (or what are their reasons)?
a.
b.

【设计意图】阅读能力的培养与写作水平的提高具有相辅相承的关系。阅读是信息输入的主要途径之一,是写作的基础和源泉。然而,在高中中英语教学过程中,阅读与写作未能有效地结合起来,有些教师忽视了阅读对写作的促进作用,常常将写作教学变成为巩固和掌握语言形式而进行的语言操练,而很少涉及语言的实际运用;或者由教师布置命题作文任由学生"尽情发挥"。这种孤立的写作教学,使学生写作时感到要么无从下笔,要么力不从心,难以用英语进行思维和准确表达。写作训练是需要合理安排、循序渐进的,而阅读是写作的前提和基础。如果没有大量的有效阅读活动,没有一定的阅读能力,不把英语阅读材料中的语言知识、篇章知识、文化知识等等信息输入自己的"资料库"里并不断对其内化的话,写作者是不可能写出内容详实感人、意义连贯、结构完整、既符合英语语言规范、又符合英、美文化习俗的地道的英语作文的。在写作的第一阶段,也就是所谓的采集阶段,写作者的主要采集手段就是阅读。另外,即便是写作者在写作中所使用的各种表达技巧,也受到了阅读活动的极大影响。可以说,写作的过程是一个从感性到理性飞跃的过程,在这个飞跃过程中,阅读是它最有力的支撑点。缺少了阅读活动,写作活动便无法展开。
环节四：Presenting writng task and analysing (引出写作任务并审题)
Activity: presenting the writing task and analyse how to write with the students
The teacher presents the writing task and then get the students to analyse how to write the composition. Encourage them to discuss in groups and voice their opinions bravely.
写作任务
    What is your opinion? Do you think the Dongguan government is right to ban pig farming?
Please write a composition within 120-150 words according to the passage above.
    审题，三定一列：
    体裁：议论文（话题作文）
    人称：_________________________ 时态: ___________________________________
内容要点：
a.       What is the topic？
________________________________________________________________________
b.       What is my opinion?
________________________________________________________________________
c.       The reasons I will give to support my opinion.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【设计意图】因为该写作任务的提出是紧接在阅读任务完成之后做出的，所以在让学生明确写作任务之后应该渗透以下活动：1）在阅读材料中寻找与写作任务相关的信息；2）以小组讨论的形式交流有关信息及各自的观点和看法，进一步明确写作的任务要求。而审题构思是写作的准备阶段。在构思过程中我们要要做到：1）.明确写作任务的主旨及要求；2）.依据任务要求理出写作要点；3）.列提纲使所要写的内容条理化；4）.根据要点及提纲酝酿、选取书面素材；5）.打腹稿展开构思。而为了培养学生的审题意识，我们将一般写作的审题概括为三定一列，即定体裁、定人称、定时态、列内容要点。
这个阶段的各种活动要用英语进行思维，学生应分析写作任务，理出要点、提纲，并围绕主题和要点用英语写出关键词及短语，为下一步起草作好准备
环节五：Writing
Activity:The students write the composition  
 The students begin to write the composition according the information they got from the reading passage and what the teacher analyses with the students. During this process, the students can walk around in the classroom and give some necessary help or guidance to some students.
【设计意图】在经过典例学习、阅读相关话题和审题之后，学生对如何写一篇话题作文已经胸有成竹，并且通过阅读和讨论对于如何拓展该话题和发表自己的观点也已经非常透彻明白。所以该步骤学生要做的就是把他们心中的想法、观点及对文章的组织、结构、语言材料等写出来。
Post-writing
环节六：Students’ self-assessment
Activity: The teacher first check their compositions personally and in pairs
The teacher presents some standard for correcting. The students first check by themselves then check in pairs.
【设计意图】在学生完成自己的习作之后，我们肯定要让学生首先自我评判一下自己的习作。因此，自查修改是一个再加工的过程。由于文章是学生自己的作品，如果教师不进行思路引导，很难保证学生自查的质量。因此，一定要让学生掌握一份自查的思路清单，熟悉查错的路径。一般情况下，可从以下六个方面去进行查错修改工作：
1.所写文章的主旨大意是什么，是否切题；
2.要点是否写全，有无遗漏；
3.有无开头、结尾，条理是否清晰，布局是否合理，内容是否连贯；
4.有无主谓一致、人称一致、时态、语态、冠词、名词单复数等方面的错误；
5.有无句型、习语、固定搭配等方面的错误；
6.有无单词拼写、大小写、标点符号方面的错误。
但需要注意的是，我们这里所提的Student’self-assessment并不是指单个学生进行的自我修改评价，而是与teacher-assessment相对应的。因此，它还包含了学生之间的互评。这是平时写作训练中不可缺少的一个环节，就是学生将自己修改后的初稿交给同伴或在同学中传阅，由他们提出各自的修改意见，然后再由作者作进一步的修改和完善。
这一环节充分体现了新课程标准所倡导的“合作与交流”的新理念,也是合作学习模式在写作教学中的实际运用。一方面，学生在小组中相互倾听、互帮互助，提高了学习的积极性，另一方面，学生之间的启发和交流通常会采用同龄人比较容易接受的方式，效果往往比教师讲解更好。更为重要的是，只有通过学生自身的体验和感知，所学到的知识才能最终内化并提升为能力。教师在这一阶段的作用则是组织并安排好双人活动或小组活动。
环节七：Teacher’s assessment in class and after class
Activity: Teacher assesses one or two compositions in class
After presenting the sample composition, the teacher collects one or two typical compositions, and then enjoy them with all the class on the screen. During this process, the teacher encourages the students to vocice their opinions to make some alteration to improve the writing. And the teacher collets all the compositons to prepare for assessment next class.
【设计意图】在学生自评和互评之后，教师应该给学生展示范文。再让学生欣赏和学习了范文之后。教师应该找一或两篇学生习作与全体学生共同修改润色。在这一过程中除了继续依据上述的“查改六路径”审阅之外，还应考虑以下体现较高写作能力的五个方面：
1.主题是否鲜明、突出；
2.词语使用是否得当，能否使用更贴切、更高级的词汇；
3.句子的长度或结构是否需要增减或改动，能否使用更复杂的语言结构；
4.是否有效使用了语言间的连接成分，过渡是否自然，结构是否清晰；
5.语言是否地道、得体。
当然做完这些还不够，教师应该在课下继续批阅学生的习作，以便于在下一节课进行作文讲评。
环节八：Assignments
Recite the sample compositon.
【设计意图】通过学生的具体实践后，绝大多数同学应该都掌握了话题作文的写法。在此基础上让学生背诵范文。可以加深学生对于话题作文的结构、语言等的深入把握。并适时将范文与自己的习作相对比，在对比中反思自己的不足之处，借鉴范文中的优秀之处，可以对自己的习作作进一步的改进和完善。
高三英语试卷讲评导案
                                     高三英语组   李振永
I. 书面表达
1. Please read and enjoy these beautiful sentences written by ourselves.
a. The more we learn, the more we have in store for our future.
                                             ---- by Liu Tongchun.
b. But once seeing the computer machine, he will be crazy about it all at once.
                                             ---- by Liu Shengchuan
c. When I invited him to attend a lecture, he refused me saying that he had no mood.
                                             ---- by Sun Jianjun
d. We should hold fast to our dreams while young rather than lose our goals.
                                              ---- by Sun Jianjun
e. But as soon as he approaches the computer games, he will lose himself in it in no time.
                                              ---- by Gongxue
f. Only study can really bring us interest and happiness as students.
                                              ---- by Cui Yixiu
g. What’s surprising is that he should tell us it isn’t interesting at all when we ask him to play football after class.
                                             --- by Yang Yekai
h. Not only does it do harm to our health, but also it takes up too much time for our homework.
                                             --- by the teacher
i. They’re wasting the money their parents earned hard. They are ruining their life. They are working up a hopeless future.
                                              --- by the teacher
2．Please read the directions again. Discuss in pairs and answer: (请再读一遍写作要求，相互讨论并回答)
体裁：_________________      人称：____________________________
时态：_________________      内容要点：1) ______________________
                                       2) ______________________
3. 典型错句:
1). When we asked he to listen to a lecture, he said he had no mood.
2). Study hard is our duty.
3). We must can control ourselves.
4). I suggested him to play football.
II. 阅读表达
考情统计

题号
2
3
正答率
较低
极低

A. 整体性理解
1. What is happiness according to the passage？
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
请据此解释第2题。
B. 连贯性理解
2. What does the underlined “it” in these sentences refer to?
It is most decidedly(certainly) not. Pleasure is an end in itself; it is something that is hunted for. ____________; it is not obvious, but mysterious.
请据此解释第3题。
III. 完形填空
考情统计

题号及答案
2
B
6
B
7
B
10
C
11
A
13
C
14
B
16
B
19
A
正答率%
44.2
29.5
29.5
44.2
41
39.3
47.5
39.3
31.1
误选项
D
C
A
D
D
A
A
A
D B

A整体性理解
贯穿本文的两条主线
1. How did the writer’s attitude toward Michael change?
a. When I was told his name, _______________________________________.
b. At last, I told Michael ___________________________________________.
2. How did Michael change?
a. Before practising football, he had never __________________ sports and was the ____________ jokes.
b. While practicing, he fell repeatedly, but each time _____________________.
c. After hard practice for weeks, Michael could run the mile ____________________, and the team _____________________ than the victory they had.
B. 连贯性理解
请解释说明第14题如何应用连贯性理解来选择答案。
（14）“Michael,” I said, “Why don’t you just ______ the mile?” he said in tears that he wanted to run with the others.
C. 语言知识
查词典，掌握以下短语的意义和用法。
(6) talk sb. out of sth./doing sth.   ___________________
(7) set one’s heart on            ___________________
(10) make it                   ___________________
(11) let alone; let down          ___________________
(13) keep an eye on; fix one’s eyes on   ______________
(16) pick oneself up             ___________________
D. 偶尔语法现象
1．说一说，以下两个句子错在哪里，如何改正，并据此解释第2题。
a. I’m worried about that he could return safely.
b. We can’t depend on that he could help us.
2. 读下面两个句子，体会while和yet的区别，并据此解释第19题。
a. That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
b. The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition.
While表______________  yet 表________________
IV 阅读理解
考情统计

题号及答案
5 D
10 A
正答率
59.01%
55.73%
误选项
B
B

Passage A
Further Understanding
1. Translate Para4 into Chinese. (把第四段话翻译成汉语)
    Anyone who thinks we have outgrown (to change sth. or desert sth. as we grow) our old fears and fascination for the unknown need only visit a bookstore or tune in to cable television (看看有线电视). Many of these popular books and programs deal with angels, ghosts, lost civilizations, UFOs, doomsday comets and other mysteries.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Analyze the following sentence and tell us what role it plays in the whole text. （分析第五段这一个长难句，并指出该段在全文中起什么作用，并据此解释第5题。）
    Wouldn’t it be wonderful, I used to think deeply, if someone came along (stood up and took on the duty) and did a book about the mysteries --- a kind of no-nonsense summary that gives us a brief but thorough overview of the world’s greatest mysteries of science, religion, folklore and history?
Passage B
Further Understanding；
This text can be divided into 2 parts: Part1(Para1-4); Part2(Para5-8)
What’s the main idea of each part？
Part1: _________________________________________________________
Part2: _________________________________________________________
Homework :
1．  知识积累（请注意积累本试卷中出现的词汇和句型）
A.      Vocabulary
(1)    jog: run slowly   We did 30minutes of warming-up before starting a one-mile jog around the track.  （完形填空）
(2)    chill: frighten   Since earliest times we hum