选修六第五单元学案.docx

可克达拉市镇江中学 高二年级 英语 学科学案
单元内容: B6U5 Words and expressions
时间： 2019-12 编制人 王海玲 审核人 张文娟 编号（1）
一.单词及其拓展形式
1. potential (n.) 潜在性；可能性；潜能 (adj.) 可能的；潜在的
2. erupt (vi.) (指火山) 爆发；突然发生→ eruption (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
3. equip (vt.) 装备；使有能力→ equipment(n.) 设备；装备
4. appoint (vt.) 任命；委派→ appointment(n.) 任命；委派
5. evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计→ evaluation(n.) 评估；评价
6. absolute(adj.) 绝对的；完全的→ absolutely (adv.) 绝对的；完全地
7. actual (adj.) 实在的；实际的→ actually (adv.) 实在地；实际地，事实上
8. precious (adj.) 贵重的；珍贵的→preciously (adv.) 昂贵地；仔细地
9. uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable (反义词)
10.unconscious (adj.) 失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious (反义词)
二.短语
1. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 2. compared with 和……比起来
3. protect...from ... 保护……免受…… 4. be appointed as 被任命为……
5. burn to the ground 全部焚毁 6. in the distance 在远方
7. make one’s way 前往 8. be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情
9. be unconscious of未意识到…… 10. shoot at朝……射击
11.draw up停下来；起草 12. take... by surprise出乎某人的意料
13.glance through匆匆看一遍 14. vary from... to... 由……到……不等
15.be home to是……的栖息地 16.be rewarded with奖赏……
17.give birth to生产/生育…… 18.have a gift for 有……的天赋
三. 词汇讲解
Point 1. appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，安排
He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那个空缺。
(1)appoint... as...任命……为…… appoint sb. to sth.委派某人……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人干……
(2)派生词：appointment n. 任命；预约；约定
break an/one’s appointment违约；失约
have an appointment with sb. at在某时间和某人有约会
keep an/one’s appointment守约
make/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会
Point 2. burn to the ground全部焚毁
With their houses burnt to the ground，they had no place to live in.
burn down把……烧成平地，烧光 burn off烧掉 burn out烧光，烧完
burn away逐渐烧完；烧光；烧毁 burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁 burn…to death烧死
Point 3. unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的
He injured his head and was unconscious for one hour.他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。
be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉……；未意识到……
conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的
She may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。
Point4. anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的；热切的
Helen is anxious about traveling on her own.海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。
anxious后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。
(1)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
(2)be anxious for/about...担心/挂念…… be anxious for渴望，盼望
be anxious to do渴望做…… be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
Point 5. panic vi.& vt.惊慌　n．惊慌；恐慌
The gunfire panicked the baby. 枪声使婴儿受到了惊吓。
注意：panic后面要加k后再加¬ed或¬ing，构成过去式/过去分词或现在分词。
get into a panic陷入恐慌(动作) in a panic陷入恐慌(状态)
Point 6. appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢
She can show much appreciation of good music．
appreciate vt.感谢；欣赏 appreciate (one's) doing sth．/ sth.感激(某人)干某事/某事
appreciate (doing) sth.欣赏(干)某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you can attend my birthday party.
Point 7. guarantee vt．& n．保证；确保；担保
Wealth is not always a guarantee of happiness. 财富并不总是幸福的保证。
guarantee to do保证做某事 be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事；必定会做某事
under guarantee在保修期内
Point 8. have a gift for 具有某种禀赋或天分
You have a marvelous gift for science.你很有科学方面的天赋。
have a talent for sth.有……的天赋 have a gift for music/art有音乐/艺术天赋
have a gift for doing有做某事的天赋
gifted adj.有天赋的 a gifted child有天赋的孩子
四．重点句式
1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
本句含有＂be about to... when...＂句式，该句式表示＂正要……这时(突然)……＂。
be doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
be going to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when...正在做某事，就在这时……
had just done sth. when...刚刚做完某事，就在这时……
2. I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor……
only to see...为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语.
only to do/only doing
only后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。
only to do 意为＂不料(却)……，结果(却)……＂，表示一个没有料到的结果。
only doing 意为＂结果就……＂，表示一个意料之中的结果。
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
He died, only leaving nothing but debts.他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。
3. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion……
该句为主从复合句。It is said that...意为＂据说……＂，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。It is said that...中said还可换为其他动词，如believed, hoped等。
It is believed that John will help us with some money.
It is thought that...大家认为…… It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望…… It is reported that...据报道……
It is well known that...众所周知…… It is generally considered that...大家认为……
此结构可转换为：sb. is/are＋过去分词＋to do sth.，但是hope，suggest不可用于此结构。
可克达拉市镇江中学 高二年级 英语 学科学案
单元内容: B6U5 Grammar 复习动词-ing
时间： 2019-12 编制人 王海玲 审核人 张文娟 编号（2）
一、v.-¬ing形式的定义与分类
动词的¬ing形式是一种非谓语动词。
动词的¬ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.¬ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。
二、动名词的基本用法
1．动名词作主语
（1）动词的­ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：
Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity. 让暖气整天开着是浪费电力。
（2）常用­ing形式作主语的句型有：
①It is a waste of/no good/no use/worthwhile doing...
②There is no sense/use/good/point in doing...
如：It's no use arguing with her—she won't listen. 跟她争论没有用——她不会听的。
I could see that there was no point in arguing with him. 明白与他争论没有什么意义。
2．动名词作宾语
动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。 Your shoes need repairing.你的鞋该补了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)
承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)
避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)
否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape)
不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)
(2)need，want，require，be worth＋doing表示被动意义
The house need repairing.房子需修理了。
3. 动名词作表语
It's surprising how quickly those in the public eye fade.
注意：­ing形式作表语时，要与句子主语在形式上保持一致。如：
Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.眼见为实。
4. 动名词作定语
动名词作定语时，置于被修饰词之间，表示被修饰的名词的用途或者性能。如：
sleeping car(＝a car for sleeping)卧车
There is some drinking water here.这儿有一些饮用水。
三、现在分词
现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。
现在分词/动词¬ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词¬ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
1． 现在分词(v.¬ing)的基本形式

Hearing the news, they immediately set off. 听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。
2．现在分词作状语的基本用法
（1）作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词¬ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
While playing the piano, she got very excited.
（2）作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
＝As he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.因为太生气了，他睡不着。
（3）作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词¬ing前可带有连词although，even if等。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
＝Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
（4）作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
（5）作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
（6）表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。
He stood leaning against the wall.＝He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。
现在分词作状语的注意事项
1. 主语一致
在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。
Mary coming back, they discussed that together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally...) ＋speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。
2. 否定形式
现在分词的否定形式是＂not＋现在分词＂。
Not knowing how to do it, he had to ask for help.因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮
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