高一被动语态.doc

一、 被动语态的构成形式
1.1) am/is/are +done 一般现在时
2）has /have been done 现在完成时
3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时

4）was/were done 一般过去时
5）had been done 过去完成时
6）was/were being done 过去进行时

7）will be done be going to be done
be about to be done/ be to be done一般将来时
8）would be done
was/were going to be done过去将来时
9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时
10) 情态动词的被动结构 情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如should be done could have been done

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

2) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

3）在使役动词have, make,let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。　　
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态　　
to do to be done
to have done 　 to have been done
doing being done
having done having been done
例She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。
I don't like being laughed at in the public.
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。

二、 It is said that+从句
可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”
或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.

类似句型有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，
It is believed that…人们相信，
It is hoped that…人们希望，
It is well known that…众所周知，
It is thought that…人们认为，
It is suggested that…据建议

三、主动形式表示被动意义
1. vi.动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，描述主语特征时，常用主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。　　
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
　These novels won’t sell well.　
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

2. 系动词没有被动形式, 连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等以主动形式表示被动意义。　　　
例Your reason sounds reasonable.　　

3. 在need，want，require, deserve（因受，值得）blame后，用动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
The house needs repairing/ to be repaired．
这房子需要修理。
He deserved punishing/ to be punished.
Who is to blame for starting the fire?

4. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义
例The picture-book is well worth reading．

5. “主语+be+形容词＋不定式”这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。　　
例This problem is difficult to work out .

6. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：
under control 受控制
under treatment 在治疗中
under repair 在修理中
under discussion 在讨论中
under construction 在施工中　　
例The building is under repair.

7. be seated 坐着；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路；be drunk 喝醉；be dressed 穿着

四.不能用被动语态的几种情况：
(1) 不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用被动语态。如happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out
(2) 表示状态的谓语动词，如hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。
(3) 表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。