高一英语Unit-2冀教版知识精讲.doc

高一英语Unit 2冀教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 2

二. 教学重点：
1. 重点单词：
climate, expert, excerpt, lecture, scare, corporation, familiar, host, relative, diet turkey, corn, eastern, forbid, differ, confused, rude, refrigerator, tasty, appropriate, Easter, content, crop, mild, vinegar, garlic, flour, onion, chili pepper, sailor, lap.
2. 重点短语：
allow for, go hungry, have... to do sth.,be stationed, put out, according to, in a nutshell
3. 重点句型：
I have always want to...
It would be... if...
4. 语法：
（1）被动语态（Ｉ）
（2）动词时态（IV）—过去进行时

三. 重难点解释：
1. expert　n.专家，行家，[军]（特等）射手adj.老练的，内行的，专门的
vt.在……中当行家，当专家
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. 雷克斯很快就成了开门能手。
Kate's an expert in / at / on teaching small children. 凯特是个幼儿教育专家。
All the young men are expert drivers. 所有这些年轻人都是驾驶能手。
an expert in cookery 烹调方面的专家 a cookery expert 烹调专家
be expert at driving racing cars 驾驶赛车能手
in an expert capacity 以专家的身分
be expert in ...　在……方面是专家　be expert at ... 在……方面是专家
2. scare v.惊吓，受惊，威吓 n.惊恐，恐慌，恐惧
（常与of, to连用）恐吓，惊吓；使受惊；惊恐
I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕这条大狗。
The small animals were scared like anything when they saw a tiger walking towards them.
当看到一只老虎向它们走来时,这些小动物吓得象什么似的。
be scared to death 吓得要死
（常与away, off, up连用）把……吓跑
The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把贼吓跑了。
strike sb. with scare 使某人感到惊惶
get a scare吓一跳
be scared of害怕
3. familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的，听惯的，亲近的，随便的n.密友，熟客，常客
a familiar sight常见的情况
This song sounds familiar. 这首歌听起来很熟悉。
Are you familiar with the rules of baseball? 你熟悉棒球规则吗?
He is familiar with that book. 他熟悉该书。
He is familiar with Chinese ancient history. 他通晓中国古代史。
He wrote in a familiar style. 他以通俗的风格写作。
We are familiars of the Chinese Embassy. 我们是中国大使馆的常客。
be familiar to 为……所熟悉
be familiar with 熟悉，通晓，精通
4. host n.主人，旅馆招待 许多vt.当主人招待
Mr Brown was our host at the party. 布朗先生是我们晚会的主人。
The academic conference was hosted by our university.
我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。
A whole host of difficulties has / have arisen. 出现了一大堆的困难。
play host to 招待，接待
host of许多，一大群
5. relative n.亲戚，关系词，相关物，亲缘植物adj.有关系的，相对的，比较而言的
After his troubles, he's now in relative comfort. 困境过后，他现在比较舒服了。
（与to连用）关于……的；有关……的
the facts that are relative to this question 与这个问题有关的事实
live in relative comfort生活得较为舒适
the period of relative stability相对稳定时期
a different yet relative reason虽不同但有连带关系的理由
the relative duties of employer and employee雇主与雇工之间的相互责任
relative adjective [adverb, pronoun]关系形容词[副词, 代词]
be relative to和……成比例；和……有关系；随……为转移
6. diet n.通常所吃的食物，
to go on a diet 节食；吃限定食物
He began his diet a week ago. 他在一星期前开始节食。
People who are on a diet mustn't have chocolate. 正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。
balanced diet 均衡饮食（包括身体所需要的各种营养及其科学含量）
on a diet吃规定的饮食
put sb. on a diet（医生）给某人规定饮食
7. forbid vt.禁止, 不许v.禁止
His parents forbid him wine. 他的父母不准他喝酒。
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟。
I forbid you to go swimming. 我不准你去游泳。
Parking forbidden ! 禁止停车!
Cameras are forbidden! 禁止拍照!
The storm forbids us to go out. 暴风雨使我们不能外出。
The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。
God forbid （that）但愿不……
8. differ vi.不一致，不同
My brother and I differ in many ways. 我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同。
She differs from me in many ways. 她在许多方面都和我不一样。
Nylon and silk differ. 尼龙和丝绸不同。
Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation. 汉语发音跟日语大不相同。
We differ from / with them on / about that question.
我们在那个问题上跟他们的意见不同。
I'm afraid we shall have to differ on this matter.
在这个问题上恐怕我们只好保留不同的意见了。
Customs differ in different countries. 各国风俗不同。
His opinion differs entirely from mine. 他的意见和我的完全不同。
differ from不同于；和……不同；和……意见不一致
differ in在……方面不同
differ with sb.与某人意见不同
9. confuse vt.搞乱，使糊涂
We tried to confuse the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。
I was confused by all the noise.一片嘈杂声把我弄得昏头昏脑。
to confuse black and white 混淆黑白
to confuse Mr. A with Mr. B 分不清A先生和B先生
be confused in mind心烦意乱
be [become, get] confused with one's blunder因做错事而发慌［窘］， 不知所措
Don't confuse Austria with [and] Australia.
不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。
They asked me so many questions that I got confused.
他们问了我许许多多的问题， 把我弄糊涂了。
10. rude adj.粗鲁的, 无礼的, 猛烈的, 残暴的, 粗鲁无礼的
rude times 原始时代 rude savages未开化的野人
He was punished because he was rude to his teacher. 他被处罚了，因为他对老师不礼貌。
be rude to sb.对某人粗暴无礼
11. appropriate adj.适当的
an appropriate example 适当的例子
A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph. 脸脏了不适合照学生像。
His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.
他的便服,不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。
appropriate manners适当的态度
Write in a style appropriate to your subject.用与你的题目相称的体裁写。
Ordinary shoes are not appropriate to paddy fields.普通鞋不适于下稻田。
appropriate to /for适于, 合乎
12. content n.内容，容量，目录，满足adj.满足的，满意的，愿意vt.使满足
She is content with very little. 她易于满足。
We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only.
我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。
The old couple seem content to sit in front of the television all night.
老夫妇俩似乎整夜坐在电视机前就心满意足了。
Nothing contents her, she is always complaining. 没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨
live in peace and content生活在安宁和满意之中
It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book, before buying it.
买书前最好是先看一看目录。
the content of silver in a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量
（pl） 内容；所容之物
The contents of the box fell onto the floor. 这个盒子里的东西掉到地上了。
Simple praise is enough to content him.几句好话就足以使他满意了。
Nothing will ever content him.什么也不会使他满足。
be content to do sth.乐于做某事
be content with沉迷［满足］于
to one's heart's content心满意足， 尽情地
content oneself with满足于， 对……感到满足
13. mild adj.温和的，温柔的，淡味的，轻微的，适度的，不含有害物质的
The weather is mild today；it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.
他的性情太温和了,即使有充分的理由，他也不会动怒。
It's been a mild winter this year. 今年冬天不冷。
a mild cheese 味不足的奶酪
mild in disposition性情温和
14. lap n.（坐时的）大腿前部，膝盖，（水）溅泼声，（跑道的）一圈，衣兜，下摆
vi.重叠，围住，轻拍，舔 vt.包围，抱……在膝上，使重叠，舔食，泼溅，拍打
lap up[down] a bowl of soup贪婪地喝掉一碗汤
The sea laps the shore.海浪拍打岸边。
Joy lapped over the audience.观众沉浸于欢乐之中。
lap the leg in a bandage用绷带将腿包起来
be lapped in a blanket用毯子裹住身体
He lapped the course in three minutes.他用三分钟跑完全程。
take a lap at舐一下
He heard the lap of the waves.他听到了波浪的拍打声。
hold a child in [on] one's lap把孩子放在膝上
lap of honour（优胜者）绕场一圈
the last lap of our journey我们旅途的最后一阶段
Everything falls into his lap.他事事如意。
I'm going to drop the whole thing in your lap.我将把整个事情交给你。
throw sth. in, sb.'s lap把某事推到某人身上, 把某事交由某人负责
in nature's lap在大自然的怀抱里
sit in the lap of倒在……怀抱里
throw oneself into the lap of投入……的怀抱里；投靠

动词的语态：
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
　　主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
（1）若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.
　　We saw him play football on the playground.
He was seen to play football on the playground.
（2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
1. let 的用法
（1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。
　　They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.
　　（2）若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。
　　The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
　　----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
2. 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
　　This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
　　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.　　
　　Such a thing has never been heard of before.
3. 表示“据说”或“相信”的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that… 务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
4. 不用被动语态的情况
（1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end （vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错）The price has been risen.
（对）The price has risen.
（错）The accident was happened last week.　　　
（对）The accident happened last week.
（错）The price has raised.　　　　　　　　　　
（对）The price has been raised.
（错）Please seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（对）Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
（2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
（3）系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
（4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
（5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
（对） She likes to swim.
（错） To swim is liked by her.
5 主动形式表示被动意义
（1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
　　The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。
　　This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。
（2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build
　　I was to blame for the accident.
　　Much work remains.
（3）在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
　　The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
　　This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
　　This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。
（4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己），have sth. done （要某人做某事）。
6. 被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be finished, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married
　　He is graduated from a famous university.
　　他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
　　He married a rich girl.
　　He got married to a rich girl.
7. need/want/require/worth
　　注意：当 need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动。
　　Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。
　　The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
　　The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。
典型例题：The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning　 B. be cleaned　 C. clean　 D. being cleaned
　　答案A. need （实义） +n /to do，need （情态）+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing。本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。
典：done，“不可能已经”。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。

过去进行时：
（1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
（2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
（3）常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
　　My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　
　　It was raining when they left the station.
　　When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　
典型例题：
（1）Mary _______ a dress when she cut her finger.　
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C。割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
（2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading；fell
C. was reading；was falling D. read；fell
答案B。句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为“在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”句中的fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
第一节
一. 单项选择
1. It’s well known that the influence the medicine has _______patients has proved true.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
2. Jumping out of _____airplane in the sky is ______exciting experience.
A .the; a B. an; a C. the;/ D. an;/
3. To begin, parents should tell children to learn to ___something with others in order to make them behave well in future.
A. get B. spare C. share D. have
4. We were received by the kind couple and _____with delicious food.
A. offered B. given C. served D. brought
5. ---Waiter! ----Sir, I’m always_______.
A. at your time B. on your time C. at your service D. at the time
6. At present, no one, I think, isn’t ______the superstar, Liyuchun, who stood out well in the competition.
A. familiar with B. familiar to C. famous for D. famous as
7. ---Would you like to go to Kate’s birthday party? ----______.But when is it ?
A. Yes, I do B. No, I’m afraid C. Of, course not D. Yes, I’d love to
8. Excuse me, could you _______between the two sentence?
A. tell the difference B. say the difference
C. speak the difference D. talk the difference
9. According to the rule, the patient should have a special ______to improve his condition.
A. food B. dinner C. meal D. diet
10. Anyone is forbidden ____the house without special permission.
A. to enter B. entering C. to entering D. to be entering
11. We often saw each other last year, but not _________
A .commonly B. usually C. regularly D. normally
12. Make sure you ____your computer before you leave the office.
A. close B. shut down C. restart D. took up
13. Now we have broadband, we are _____to the internet 24 hours a day.
A. joined B. linked C. connected D. attached
14. To open a file, just ____on it with the mouse.
A. press B. cluck C. hit D. click
15. ---Will you attend Tom’s birthday’s party ? ---No,_____ invited.
A. if B. unless C. even though D. but

二. 完形填空
Dear Ralph,
I’m a college student and I’ll graduate in half a year. I’m very 1 about my future, because finding an ideal job is so difficult. At the moment, my parents want me to be a teacher, but I don’t like that option. During my holiday break, I worked part-time as a tour 2 in my hometown. I liked the job very much. But my parents don’t aggress with me. They thought the work was hard, 3 one can 4 a lot of money. What’s the most important to me is 5 being a tour guide won’t 6 me far from home. I always consider what my parents say, but it’s hard for me to 7 a decision. Could you give me some advice?
Dear Oolan,
You didn’t say why your parents 8 that you work as a teacher. But I imagine they see teaching as a stable job with government 9 . They may also think teaching is important for the development of Chinese society. If someone in your family has taught successfully, they will 10 that career 11 more. Your parents are right. But I also imagine they don’t understand 12 guides, a relatively new profession in China. Try to 13 your parents that you can 14 good money as a guide and stay near home. Also research the job stability factor. How long do tour guides usually keep their posts? Do they 15 one-year or five-year contracts, or no contracts? Are there any 16 difficulties, such as the risk of a sudden reassignment to another city or market competition in your hometown that could 17 a guide service to go bankrupt? Prepare a 18 report to convince your parent-and yourself. Also explain why teaching doesn’t interest you. 19 them that your happy 20 home from work e