复习：情态动词和动词短语.doc

中考专项复习情态动词和动词短语一 考点分析 初中阶段必须掌握的情态动词can, may, must, need, had better, shall, will, should, would, could, might, used to ，have to考点一： can, could 的用法1. 表示能力，意为“能”，“会”。（.北京）- you speak Japanese ?-No, I cant.A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should解析：答案为 A。考查can 的用法，表示“能”“会”。做此题要从答语入手，用can来回答，应用can提问。（.武汉）-Have you seen my glasses? I find them.-Sorry. I havent seen them.A. cant B. shouldnt C. wont D. mustnt解析：答案为A。 考查can表示“能”用法。根据句意，应为“我不能找到眼镜了。”B为“不该”C为助动词，D为“禁止”，A为“不能”，故选A。2. 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句、疑问句中。常见于cant be考查，cant意为“不可能”。（.长沙）-Is Lucy knocking at the door?-No,.It be Lucy.She is in Japan now.A. neednt B. must C. cant解析：答案为C。考查can 表示推测。由暗示语No和She is in Japan .判断“一定不是Lucy”，neednt表示“不必”，不表示推测，must表示肯定推测时，意为“一定”，与题意不符。cant表示“不可能”，符合题意3. 以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用 can和 cant。Could 提问，多用can回答。-Could I ? 我可以吗？ -Of course you can.当然可以。（.陕西）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you .A. can B. must C. should D. will4 表示请求，允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may.解析：此题考查could的语法特征，could提问，多用can回答,表示“可以”。 考点二：may的用法1. 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。（.山西）John, you neednt do your work today, you do it tomorrow if youre tired.A. must B. may C. cant解析：答案为B。 锁定语境，由暗示词neednt do today.看出不必今天去做。根据tomorrow得知可以明天做。may意为“可以”。must为“必须”，语气太强硬。cant为“不能”，与题意不符。2.表示推测，意为“可能”，“也许”，用语肯定句中。（.安徽）-Is Mr.Brown driving here? -Im not sure. He come by train.A. may B. shall C. need D. must解析：答案为A。 从暗示语Im not sure.判断说话人语气没有把握，must意为“一定”，有把握，need为“需要”,与题意不符。故选may表示推测“可能”，“也许”。3表示请求时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，其否定回答用“mustnt”，不用“may not”，意为“不许，禁止”。考点三：must的用法1.表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定。意为“必须” ，“应该”。否定形式mustnt表示禁止，“不许”。（.长春）-Mum, can I go to the movies today?-Sure,but you finish your school work first.A. can B. cant C. must D. neednt解析：答案为C。根据暗示词but，first看出说话人语气强硬，“必须。”can 意为“可以”，语气不够强硬，cant“不能,”neednt为“没有必要”，与题意不符。2. 表示推测，用于肯定句中。意为“一定”，可能性大。多见于must be的考查。（.河南）-Our class won the English speaking contest.-Congratulations! You be very proud of it.A. can B. need C. would D. must解析：答案为D。根据句意，“我们班赢得英语比赛”得知，一定很“自豪”(proud)，must “一定”，表示推测的可能性大。can be语气硬些。need为“需要”，would为委婉询问，不用于推测。所以选D。3. 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用neednt表示“不需要，”，“不必”，相当于dont have to。-Must I ? 我必须吗？ -No, you neednt / dont have to.不，不必。-Yes, you must. 是的，必须。（.上海）-Must I return the magazine yo you rught now, Sandy? -No, you .You may keep it until next Wednesday.A. neednt B. cant C. must D. may解析：答案为A。考查must 的否定回答为neednt。考点四：had better的用法1.表建议，意为“最好做某事”。had better (not) + 动词原形（.河南）It seems that it is going to rain.Youd better the winows open when you leave the house.A. not leave B. leave C. not to leave D. to leave解析：答案为A。首先根据had better do这一语法特征排除C，D。根据语境“要下雨了，”应不让窗户开着。所以用否定结构。考点五：shall,should的用法1.shall用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。多见于Lets反义疑问句shall we?的考查。（.西宁）-Its a lovely day today.Lets go and have a picnic, ?A. will you B. shall we C. arent you D. dont we解析：答案为B。根据Lets 的反义疑问句为shall we?的语法特征得知。2. should表示责任、义务。意为“应该”。（.安徽）School allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A. would B. might C. should D. could解析：答案为C。考查表示“应该”的用法。A表“请求”，B为“可能”D 为“能够”。根据句意“学校应该允许学生每天运动一小时”，所以选择should.A、B、D三项没有此意。考点六：will,would的用法1.祈使句的肯定回答用will。否定回答用wont。（.河北）-Please bring your homework to school tomerrow,Steven. -OK, I .A. will B. wont C. do D. dont解析：答案为A。 考查祈使句的肯定回答用will这一语法特征。2would用来委婉询问。常考句型为Would you like to的肯定及否定回答。（.重庆）-Ben, would you like to play football with us?- , but I have to wash the dishes first.A. No, I cant. B. I dont want to.C. Yes, please. D. Id love to.解析：答案为D。由暗示词but和 have to看出Ben很想去踢足球，所以应为肯定回答。Would you like to询问动作时的肯定回答为Id like/love to。询问名词时的肯定回答多为Yes, please.考点七：情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+ be +过去分词 （多考查can, must should的被动语态）（.厦门）Attentions,please! All the mobile phones must before the meeting starts. A. turn off B. be turned off C. be turning off解析：答案为B。 由主语mobile phones与动词turn off的关系应为被动关系，手机被关掉，故排除A，表主动。根据情态动词被动语态的结构 must+be+过去分词，应选B。考点八：used to 的用法1. 强调和现在的对比，“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了。”之意。句中常有but now 表示现在的情况。（.南通）Mrs Green go to hospital, but now she is in good health.A. has to B. needs to C. used to D. ought to解析：答案为C。 由暗示词ago和but now看出强调过去和现在的对比，过去常去医院，现在身体很好（暗含之意“现在不去了”）。A 意为“不得不”，B为“需要”D意为“应该”，不符合句意。考点九：need的用法词性的判断为难点，need to do此时need为实义动词。否定形式为dongt/didnt need to do。Need do时 need为情态动词，否定形式为needt do。而need doing表示被动。二考点聚焦词年份canmustmay被动语态had betterwould 回答couldwillshall have tousedtoneed.35352.510257.5052.500.24301700447077 由表格可以知中考对情态动词的考查都有涉及，但是集中于can,must,may等词用法上，尤其是can,must,may表示推测和可能性的用法。而且可以看出考查越来越侧重于根据语境,尤其是暗示词和暗示语，判断说话人语气、态度，从而选择恰当情态动词。三易混点点拨：1can 和be able tocan 只有现在时和过去时(could)。be able to有现在时、过去时和将来时。2cant和may notcant语气肯定，表示“不可能”。may not语气不肯定，表示“可能不”。3must和have tomust表示主观看法。意为“必须，应该”。have to强调客观需要，意为“不得不”。4Cant和mustntcant“不可能”，表示推测。mustnt“禁止，不许”，不表示推测。动词短语动词短语一直是中考英语试题中的重点考查对象。该考点常以单项选择、完形填空、完成句子等题型作为载体，主要针对部分常用动词短语的用法进行考查。解答这类试题要认真分析句式结构、推敲句意，从所给的四个选项中选出符合句意的动词短语。 一、动词短考查形式 考查动词短语时，常以“形似”或“意似”的短语作为选项。在安排这四个选项时，常采用以下形式： （一）动词相同，但副词或介词不同 这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的副词或介词构成A .give upB. give outC. give awayD. give off.中考链接:1.-So many problems! Im tired!-You should try to _them by yourself. You are not a child any longer. A. get into B. get offC. get on D. get over2.-Did you hear a terrible fire happened in the hotel near our school last night?-Yes, it took the firemen an hour to _the fire. A. put outB. put down C. put onD. put off3.Thanks for your invitation, but Im sorry I cant go. I need to _my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of4.I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _just fine together. A. get along B. get up C. get away D .get off5.-The fire was finally _in Jilin Province on June 3. Unfortunately, 119 people lost their lives.-I hope the accident like this wont happen again.A. put down B. put away C. put out D. put up （二）副词或介词相同，但动词不同 这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的副词或介词构成，例如:A. drop out B. come out C. leave out。A. contribute to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to这种形式在试题中特别常见。中考链接：1. This morning I _some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up2.-Whats wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.-I _to prepare for the final exam last night. A. picked upB. woke up C. stayed up D. put up3.President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to _all the food each meal. A. eat up B. use up C. pick up D. cut up4.-When are you going to _for Shanghai?-Tomorrow morning. A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off5.His leg is seriously injured in the accident. _a doctor at once. A. Ask forB. Send forC. Wait forD. Look for6.-Why do you collect so many old bikes?-Ill have them _and give away to the children who dont have bikes. A. used upB. given upC. fixed up D. set up7._a light when necessary. You will bring light to other people and yourself. A. Try on B. Get on C. Turn on D. Put on8.It seems that the aged people _the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases. A. pick up B. mix up C. set up D. use up （三）动词、副词或介词均不相同 这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词和不同的副词或介词构成的动词短，例如:A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on。这种形式在试题中也特别常见。 中考链接：1. Be sure to _your names before you hand in your papers. A. write down B. look up C. turn down D. send up2. Many teenagers _the old and they often offer their seats to the old on buses. A. agree with B. worry about C .laugh at D. care for3.Andrea Bocelli never _,which makes him a successful singer. A. takes awayB. gives away C. gets up D. gives up4.Many students in our school _the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. A. worry aboutB. care for C. agree with D. take care5.Tom, its cold outside. _your coat when you go out. A. Take of B. Put on C. Put away D. Take away6.The great writer has written many storied for children. It is said that a new one will _at the end of this month. A. go outB. come out C. look out D. run out7.If you want to buy this dress, youd better _first to make sure it fits you. A. pay for it B. take if off C. tidy it up D. try it on 二、动词短语用法归纳 初中阶段我们学习了100多个动词短语，它们多为“及物型”和“不及物型”，其中绝大多数为“及物型”。属“不及物型”的仅有以下这些： run away跑走；pass away去世；come back回来；come down下来；come in进来；give in屈服；go down下去；go off（铃）响；set off动身；move on向前移动；walk on往前走；break out爆发；come out出来、出版；cry out叫喊；die out灭绝；go out出去；look out当心；come up上来；get up起床；grow up长大；stay up熬夜；take place发生 有少数动词短语，在表达不同的意思时用法并不相同。例如：take off表示“脱下”时属及物用法，但表示“起飞”时属不及物用法。再例如：look up表示“查找”时属及物用法，但表示“向上看”时属不及物用法。 中考英语试题中，经常以“辨别用主动形式还是被动形式”和“辨别词义”这两种形式考查动词短语的用法，其中以“辨别词义”作为主要考查形式。请看几例“辨别用主动形式还是被动形式”的试题及其解析： 1.Their happiness only lasted for a while, for the war _soon after they got married.A. break outB. was broken outC. is broken outD.broke out 本题涉及break out的表达形式，该短语的意思是“爆发、发生”。汉语中我们可以说“爆发战争”或“战争爆发”，但英语中只能说the war broke out（战争爆发），换句话说，break out表示“爆发、发生”时不可用被动形式。本题正确答案是D项。句意是：他们的幸福是短暂的，因为他们婚后不久就爆发了战争。中考链接1. Jane left her keys in the office yesterday,so she_ wait for her husband. A. must B. had to C. have to D. has to2. -Will you stay for supper? -sorry,I_My sister is coming to see me. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont3. -May I take the football home,Tom? -Sorry,You_ . A. dont B. cant C. didnt D. arent4. -Is the girl in red skirt your sister? -It_ her. A. maybe B. may be C. would be D. need be5.一Can you sing the song in English?” -No,I_ . A. may not B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant6. -Can he go home now? 一_He has something important to do at school. A. Yes，he can B. Of course,he can C. Ask him to decide D. No,he cant7. He_be in his office. I saw him in the street just now. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shoOslnt8._ you speak Japanese？No,I cant. A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need9. -Must I return the book this morning? -No,you_ .But you _ return it before supper. A. neednt,must B. mustnt,can C. mustnt,may D. cant,need10. Nobody_ do it. Let me_ A. can,try B. cant,to try C. can,to try D. cant,trying11Must I finish my homework now?No,you_ . A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not12. Please be quiet .You_talk loudly in the library. A. neednt B. mustnt C. need D. must13. When the lights are green,the traffic_ go and you_ wait. A. cant,mustnt B. can,must C. cant,must D. can,mustnt14. You must be here at six tomorrow morning. Sorry. I_ be here so early. A. need B. must C. may D. cant15._you like some bananas to eat? Yes,please. A. Would B. Will C. Could D. Can16._you answer the telephone,please？ A. Must B. May C. Need D. Could 17. Can you answer this question in English? No,I_ . A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt18. Dont be late. You _ be there on time. A. must B. can C. may D. neednt19._ I borrow your dictionary? Certainly,here you are . A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should20._I speak to Ann.Speaking. A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall21_I take a message for you? A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Would22. We_catch up with you. Please speak a little more slowly. A. can B. cant C. may not D. must23. -I _ see the words on the blackboard. -_you write a bit clear? A. mustnt,Can B. dont,win C. cant,Can D. neednt,Could24. Its a sunny day today. You_take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt25. Excuse me,_I ask you a question? A. Will B. do C. may D. would26. Theres a football match. Please _ the TV at once. Lets watch together. A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on27. The kite is flying high in the sky. It_a bird. A. looks at B. looks like C. looks for D. looks after28. When he heard the bell,he _ the door. A. hurried off to open B. hurried up to open C. hurried off opening D. hurried up opening29. -Its very cold outside. -Oh,yes,youd better_your coat. A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up30. Liu Mei helped the Turners_their tickets on the train. A. pick B. look up C. pick up D. look like31.Please_as soon as you get there. A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D. wake up me32. Suddenly one of the bags_the truck and landed in the middle of the road. A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be33. -Excuse me. Wheres the Science Museum? -Take No.3 bus and_at the fourth stop. A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to34. -Your coat looks nice. Is it_ cotton? -Yes. Its_ Shanghai. A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made for,made by D. made for,made in35._your help,we finish the work on time. A. Thanks B. Thanks of C. Thank for D. Thanks to36. _ the Great Green Wall,the rich farmland in the south has been saved. A. Thanks for B. Thanks to C. Because D. Since37. Davids always the winner of the race,but this time he_ others. A. fell behind B. fell down C. fell over D. fell off38. The boy_the tree and hurt himself. A. fall off B. fall from C. fell off D. fallen from39. Could you_,please？Its too loud. A. turn down the radio B. turn on the radio C. turn on the TV D. turn it on40. Would you please_the radio? I can hardly hear the radio. A. to turn up B. to turn down C. turn up D. turn down41There is something on the floor. Please A. pick up it B. pick up them C. pick it up D. pick them 7