我国油田采出水处理回注的现状及技术发展.pdf

?工业给排水?我国油田采出水处理回注的现状及技术发展杨云霞 张晓健 提要 从采出水处理药剂、处理设备以及处理工艺等方面对我国油田采出水处理现状进行综合论述,并分析了其中存在的一些问题。关键词 油田 采出水 回注 水处理 采出水是油田在采油的过程中随原油一同采出的地层水。由于地层不同、采油过程不同,采出水的成分十分复杂,一般不能直接排放或回注。表1 我 国 各 主 要 油 田 采 出 水 水 质1项目总矿化度/mg/L硫化物/mg/L溶解氧/mg/L悬浮物/mg/L总铁/mg/L油/mg/L温度/平均腐蚀率/mm/aMF滤膜系数TGB腐生菌/个/LSRB硫酸盐还原菌/个/L中原油田8万0181104046300212104104华北油田10012610159445104104胜利油田2万4万1103006400017大港油田3万114468256 000江苏油田4万5万1152851332781021001 000大庆油田0153013121660250吉林油田191530111148301013 9215105215105辽河油田2 0008015831411241695501024 8141 000100塔里木油田23万2815淮东油田01054080010960313克拉玛依油田510023100吐哈油田8 6470124557886701217104106目前,我国大部分油田已进入石油开发的中期和后期,采出油中的含水量为70%80%,有的油田甚至已高达90%,日产含油污水量非常大。如果不经处理直接排放,不仅会造成土壤、水源的污染,有时甚至会引起污油着火事故,威胁人民的生命安全,造成国家的经济损失,同时也会危害油田自身的利益。反之,如果对采出水进行处理,并用于回注,则不仅可满足油田开采过程中注水量日益增长的要求,同时也可以节省水资源,为油田带来经济效益。1 我国油田采出水的水质状况采出水的污染是由于其中含有可溶性的盐类和重金属,悬浮的或乳化的原油,固体颗粒,硫化氢,有些油田的采出水中甚至会含有微量的天然放射性物质;除了以上这些天然的杂质外,还含有一些用来改变采出水性质的化学添加剂,以及注入地层的酸类、除氧剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、杀菌剂、防垢剂等。采出水的性质和原油产地的地质条件、注水的性质以及原油集输及初加工的整个工艺过程有关,不能一概而论。笔者对此进行了调研,得到我国各主要油田采出水水质见表1。2 我国油田采出水处理回注的现状及技术发展211 油田注水标准从60年代末我国第一座含油污水处理回注站投产至今,各油田污水处理站都已具相当规模。但是,随着采出原油含水率的不断提高,注水量成倍增长;同时,各油藏对注水的水质要求更加严格。1995年1月18日中国石油天然气总公司颁布新的行业标准2,并于同年7月1日实施,见表2。与旧标准相比,新标准对于注水中的悬浮物粒径以及引起管道腐蚀、减少污水处理系统和注水系统寿命的指标提出了更加严格的要求,对新建的污32给水排水 Vol126No172000 1994-2011 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/表2 总公司的注水新旧指标及华北某局注水指标对照项目总公司推荐指标某石油局标准渗透率/m2渗透率/m2 016011 011新旧新旧新旧污水清水污水清水悬浮物含量/mg/L1101310351052142悬浮物粒径/m1102210331053253水中含油量/mg/L5105810101510101520溶解氧含量/mg/L新标准:溶解氧作为辅助性指标,当腐蚀率不达标时,注水中的溶解氧 0150mg/L;旧标准:矿化度小于5 000mg/L时为015,矿化度大于5 000mg/L时为0105同旧标准硫化物含量/mg/L新:0旧:10游离CO2含量/mg/L新:-110CO2110旧:10水中含铁量/mg/L新:辅助指标旧:015 3,this compound will beconsidered easily biodegradable.When 1 ABI3 this compound will be considered partially biodegradable,and whenABI1,this compound will be considered poorly biodegradable.Advances on Refilling of Oil Field Water in ChinaYang Yunxia et al(32)Abstract:In the water injection petroleum production process,after separation of crude oil,a large amount of pro2duced water with complicated content isproduced and it is impossible to discharge the water into any water bodies or re2injected it back to the oil well directly.Along with the much oil fields in this country have been aged into medium andlate period of oil production,the water content of produced petroleum increased and the requirement of water injection ofoil wells also increased as well of both quantity and quality.In order to protect the environment and save the fresh wa2ter,the produced water must be disposed for re2injection.In this situation,the existing produced water treatment tech2niques and processes show obvious disadvantages.This article gives an overall comment on the treatment processes,chemicals and apparatus and states in detail theproblems in our countrys produced water treatment,which may be veryimportant for the reconstruction of the old produced water treatment plants and construction of the new ones in thiscountry.Wastewater Treatment of Viscose Fiber PlantShen Ledong(36)Abstract:A new technology of waste water treatment for the viscose fiberplant and its operation condition are in2troduced in thispaper.The treated water can meet the requirements of the standard for discharging.A successful exam2ple might be set up for the wastewater treatment of the same kind of industry in this country.Design of Coal2Silt Wastewater Treatment Facility in Coal WasheryZhang Guoxia et al(37)Abstract:Renlou Coal Washery in Shanxi Province is one of the big coal dressing facilities in this country.Thereare three thickening tanks in the thickening workshop of this plant namely the slime2thickening tank,the 1st and 2ndthickening tanks.The concentration of slime liquid is very high and the pipeline and other equipment were easy toclogged,this caused trouble in design.In this design this difficult was taken into consideration and res ponsible measureshad been applied.The Renlou Coal Washery has been put into trial operation.New Method to Treat Waste EmulsionL u Shanzhong et al(39)Abstract:Some processes to treat waste emulsion are presented and the mechanism and application of Ultra2filtra2tion(UF)process are described focusing on the technical process and its automation.Emergence Water Supply of Nonferrous Metal Processing PlantWang Tiezhu(43)Abstract:The importance of and the requirements of the basic facilities to the emergence water supply of nonfer2rous metal processing plant were described and some crux points of related measures in design and application are givenwith practical examples.Water System Design of Residential HousesZhao Li(44)Abstract:The drinking water consumption quota and their hour variation coefficient for residential house water sys2tem were given on the basis of practical investigation and the design guideline for the developed cities in the coastal areaof this country.Furthermore the attentions related to the layout and material selection of pipelines of drinking water,hot water,drainage,rainwater and condensing water of air conditioning for residential houses design are apart indica2ted.On Water Systems Design of Olympic Stadium of Guangdong ProvinceWang Feng(47)Abstract:The water systems design of Olympic Stadium of Guangdong Province,including the selection of materialand equipment is presented.Also the experience of Sino2abroad joined design is reviewed.1994-2011 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http:/