词汇拓展与单元测试.doc

Module 1Europe
【单元总结与测试】
一、词汇拓展
1．concrete →concrete ( adj. )
2. alternative→ alternate （v＆adj ＆n ）→alternatively （adv．)
3 . crime →criminal ( adj . & n . )
4. prediction →predictive （adj ）. predict （v．)
5. risky →risk （v& n . )
6. rely →reliable ( adj . ）→reliability ( n . ）→reliance ( n . )
7. command →commander ( n . )
8. attach → attachment ( n . )
9．optimistic →optimism ( n . ）→optimist ( n . )
10. definitely →definite ( adj . ）→definition ( n . )
二、综合拓展
1. To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. 为了解决垃圾问题，城市会把废弃物质装载进巨大的宇宙飞船里把它们送到太阳上去，以阻止垃圾填埋和环境问题（的产生）。
( l ）get rid of 除掉；处理掉；摆脱
The problem is how to get rid of nuclear waste.问题是如何处理核废料。
I can’t get rid Of this headache. 我这头疼老是好不了。
Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there. 在我到之前把你的客人打发走。
常用短语
get together相聚，聚集
get across传播，为人理解
get along 前进，进展；( with ）与… … 相处
get away走开，离开；逃脱
get back回来，回到；取回，恢复
get down从… … 下来，记下；( to ）转入某一话题；开始从事
get off从… … 下来；出发，动身；下班
get on登上（车、船、飞机等）; ( with ) 与… … 相处
get through ( with )干完（工作），完成（任务）；度过（时间）；通过；( to ）打通电话
( 2 ) load v．装载（满）、输入、存储（数据或程序）
n ．载重童；废话；（责任或忧虑的）沉重感
The truck was carrying a load of bananas. 这辆卡车装着一车香蕉、
Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。
I loaded film into the camera. 我把胶卷装到照相机里
She was loaded down with bags of groceries. 她提着好多袋杂货。
常用短语
a load of ( = loads of ) 很多，大量
take / a load off one’s mind如释重负
bear a load on one’s shoulders 挑起重担
load sb . / sth . with sth .
load sth . onto / into sth . / sb . 使某物／某人负载重物
load sb . / sth . down with sth . 给… … 加以重负
load sb . with honours 给某人许多荣誉
( 3 ) 本句中的preventing landfill and environmental problems 是分词作状语的用法，此处表结果。
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 交通堵塞中我的车被困住，所以延误了。
The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期，造成整个地区严重的交通混乱。
［例］“can’t you read ? ”Mary said __ to the notice .
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
［解析］“生气地”是用来说明说话时的表情，应放在被修饰词said 的后面；“指着”这一动作的逻辑主语是Mary ，应该用现在分词作伴随状语，故选A 。句意：“你不会看吗？”玛丽指着布告生气地说。
［答案」A
2. Here are some of the ideas they had. 下面是他们的一些观点。
这是一个here 放在句首引起的完全倒装句。
在以here , there 或out , in , up , down , away 等副词开头的句子里，以示强调。但主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不必倒装。Here Comes the bus ．公交车来了。
There comes the boy ．那个男孩来了。
There he comes ．他来了。
out rushed the little boy ．那小男孩跑了出来。
In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英国一所大学学术报告厅里坐着一位教授。
By the window stood an old man . He seemed very sad . 窗户旁边站着一位老人，他似乎很忧伤。
拓展：
倒装句
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后，把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。
( l ）完全倒装
① 在there + be 结构里。如：There is a box on the table.
② 在以here , there , down，up，on , away ，out , thus , now等副词开头的某些句子里，主语是名词时，用“here ( there ) ＋不及物动词＋主语”结构。如果主语是人称代词则不倒装。如：
There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn.
Up stands the boy.
Out rushed the boys.
Here he comes. （不倒装）
③ 当句首状语为表示地．汽的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。如：
on a hill in front of them stood a great castle.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
④ 表语里于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词十主语”。
as形容词＋连系动词＋主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guest, .
b．过去分词十连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
c．介词短语＋be 十主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees , flowers , candles and toys .
⑤ 用于so，nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。如：
He has been to Beijing. so have I .
Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I.
I didn’t go to the cinema last night. Nor did he.
⑥ 部分引述词置于句首或以方式状语thus 开头的句子如：
“1 have been very busy these days ,”said Henry．Thus ended his life.
(2 ) 部分倒装
部分倒装的句型有：
① only所修饰的状语在句首的句型。如：
only after he left the shop did he find that he had lost his wallet ．他直到离开商店之后才发现丢了钱包。
注意：a．在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：
［误］only after the war learned he , the sad news
[正] only after the war did he learned the sad news .
b. only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：
[ 误］only when did she returned did we find out the truth.
［正］only when she returned did we find out the truth .
c. only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：
［误］only can he answer the question .
［正］only he can answer the question .
② 在“Not only ＋分句，but also＋分句”中，not only 引导的部分倒装。如：
Not only does John speak English , hut also ho speaks French ．约翰不仅会说英语而且会说法语。
③ 以表示否定的副词开始的句子需要倒装常见的否定副词有never , little , not until , nowhere , hardly , scarcely , rarely , not once , seldom , no sooner 等。如：
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the army.
Little did he say at the meeting.
④ barely , holly , scarcely 和when , before 连用，no sooner 和than 连用，它们位于句首时，为固定的倒装结构，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的“一…就… … ”。但在时态上，主句一般用过去完成时而从句（when , before 或than 引导）用过去时。表示一般情况时，主句也可用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时。如：
No sooner had I left the house than it began to rain. 我刚离开屋子天就下起雨来。
Searcely has a foreigner set foot on the United States before
they ask him what he thinks of the country．外国人刚去美国，他们就会问他对该国有什么看法。
⑤ 虚拟结构中的倒装
在虚拟结构的条件从句中，如果if 被省略，那么were ，had 或should 要移至主语之前（could , might 很少引导这样的倒装句）。如：
Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help.
Were I you ( = If 1 were you ) , 1 would go abroad
⑥ 用于“形容词（名词或副词）十as ( though ) ”引导的让步状语从句。如：
Hard as he worked , he made little progress ．=Although he worked I hard , he made little progress．
尽管他努力工作了，但还是没有进步。
⑦ 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。如：
May you succeed ！祝你成功！
long live the people ！人民万岁！
3. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life. a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people In the year 2025 .
为了了解年轻人对未来城市生活的观点，美国田纳西州一所大学的一位老师让他的学生们考虑他们如何管理一个在2025 年拥有5 万人口的城市。
( l ) to6nd out what young people think about the future of urban life 是不定式在句中用作目的状语。
He came to Australia to study kangaroo．他去澳洲是为了研究袋鼠。
He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起去赶早班车。
( 2 ) what young people think about the future of urban life 和how they would run a city Of 50 ,000 people in the year 2025，是宾语从句，分别作find out 和think 的宾语
No one knows who will win the first place. 没有人知道谁会得第一名。
I wonder whether they will finish their task on time. 我不知道他们是否能按时完成任务。
He suggested that we should go there by train. 他建议我们乘火车去那儿。
( 3 ) think about 考虑
I’m thinking of / about persuading Dad to stop smoking. 我在考虑说服爸爸戒烟。
That’s because we never thought about / of it. 这是因为我们从来没有想过这个问题。Can you think of a proper place where we call hold an evening Party?
你能想出一个合适的地方让我们举行一次晚会吗？（不用about )
He thinks more of/about others than of / about himself 他为别人着想的多，为自己着想的少。
常用短语
think aloud ( out loud ）自言自语
think back ( to ）回想
think highly (well , etc . ）of赞赏（对…印象好等）
think little ( badly , etc . ) of 认为（不好），对… … 不在意，不赞成
think much of 对… … 评价很高
think nothing of 觉得不怎么样（没什么，不难）
think nothing of it 不用谢，不要介意
think of … as 认为… … 是
(4) run
vi . & vt .
① 跑；奔
He ran across the road ．他跑过马路。
② （机器）转动，运转
The engine runs well ．发动机运转良好。
Most of motor vehicles run on petrol. 大部分机动车的行驶以汽油作燃料。
This machine is not running correctly. 这台机器运转得不正常。
③ （会共车辆）行驶
The buses run every ten minutes.
④ 流动
The river has run dry．这条河已经干涸了 。
⑤ 延伸
The road runs beside the river . 这条路沿着河边延伸。
⑥ 控制、主持（团体、组织）
run a school 办一所学校
常用短语
run across 偶然遇到run after 追逐run away 逃走run into 碰撞、偶然遇到run out ( of ）用光、耗尽
4. What time does the plane arrive? 飞机什么时候到达？
这是一个用一般现在时代替将来时的句子。表示“往来，出发，到达”等的动词（go，come , , ail , leave , start , arrive , begin , return ）常可用一般现在时直接表示将来。
He comes back to , light ．他今天晚上回来。
My train leaves at 6 : 30 ．我的火车6 点30 分开。
The bus leaves at 5: 30 ．公交车5 点30 分发车。
When do you start on the tour ？你什么时候动身去旅行？拓展：
在由连词if , unless , before , as soon as , when , once 等引导的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’11 let you know as soon as I hear from him. 一收到他的来信，我就告诉你。
例need one stamp before my collection _ .
A. is completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. has completed
解析complete 是及物动词，意为“使完成”，与句子主语my collection 是动宾关系，故本题只能在A 、C 中选择。C 项用了完成被动时，表明被动动作已在need 前完成，既已完成，又何来再要一张邮票，显然不合逻辑。A 项用于before 引起的时间状语从句，一般现在时表示将来，时态、语态都很贴切。本题极易从语法角度错选C 。但若从主、从句发生的时间上看，C 项设里的语境（已完成）与主句need （需要）发生了矛质，足见动词语态、时态，一并考虑十分重要。
答案A
5. Not ail predictions come true. 并不是所有预测都会变为现实。
有些表示全体意义的名词性单位的词与not 连用表示部分否定。知代词all , both 以及由all , both 和形容词whole , every 所修饰的名词词组，包括every 所构成的复合代词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。如：
All men here are not honest ．这儿的人并非都诚实。
Both of the sisters don’t like the film. 姐妹俩并非都喜欢这部影片。
Not everything went well with me ．我并非每件事都顺利。英语中有些副词如altogether , always , entirely , wholly , quite 等，以及含有all , both , whole , every 等的副词性词组，在句中作状语，若句中含有not ，则本句话表示部分否定，而非全部否定。如：
The rich men are not always happy. 有钱的人并非总是幸福的。拓展：
部分否定与全部否定的对照：
例agree with most of what you said , but I don ' t agree with____
A . everything B . anything C . something D . nothing
解析 本题考查部分否定的用法。everything 和not 连用表示部分否定，符合题意；anything 和not 连用则表示全部否定之义，something 不能和not 连用；nothing 与题意矛盾，句意：我同意你所讲的大部分，但我并非全部同意。
答案A
单元测试
测试时间90分钟 测试满分120分
一、单项填空（共15分，每小题1分）
1. You can’t expect him to do housework as well _________ after children.
A. as looking B. to look C. as look D. as to look
2. He bought a knife and fork ________
A. to eat B. to eat with C. for eating D. to eat by
3. I can’t give you the answer yet; I’d like more time to consider my decision.
A. quite B. fairly C. rather D. very
4. E-mail, as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
5. It’s no use____ time_____ that matter
A. wasting; discussing B. to waste; to discuss
C. wasting; to discuss D. to waste; discussing
6. _______ I used to go mountain climbing every summer.
A. Once a time B. At a time
C. At one time D. At the time
7. It kept raining for a long time and the river water kept_____
A. rising up B. to go up C. going up D. to rise up
8. I will go to see you when you ________ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish
C. are finishing D. finish
9. The village will not _______ the city until’ the railway
A. be joined to; has been built
B. join to; is built
C. be joining to; has been built
D. join with; is built
10. She ________ me not to depend on my dictionary too much in my reading.
A. suggests B. hopes
C. prefers D. would rather
11. The sky is covered with dark clouds. It _________
A. is possibly B. is likely
C. looks like D. is seeming
12. A number of people ________ now out of ________ and the number _________ increasing.
A. is; work; is B. are; the work; is
C. are; work; are D. are; work; is
13. Will it be convenient _________ you_________ start work tomorrow?
A. for; to B. to; for C. for; with D. to; so as
14. ________ this text can be used for listening hasn’t been decided yet.
A. What B. If C. Whether D. Which
15. He is trying to sell instead _________
A. of to buy B. of buying C. buying D. to buy
二、完形填空（共30分，每小题1.5分）
Two men on a touring holiday were injured by an explosion in their motor van(面包车) yesterday.
Shoppers, traders and businessmen in Red Lion Street were 16 by a loud bang, and seconds later the two men jumped over from the van, which had stopped outside Barclays Bank. Several people rushed to give 17 and helped to put out the fire 18 the van. A light American truck changed the 19 to provide living accomodation room, 20 firemen arrived.
The men, Mr Gary House, who was driving, and his 21 Mr Charles Lynn—were taken to hospital with slight 22 They were allowed to leave after 23 . “I heard this explosion. It was 24 loud. I thought it could have been 25 ,”said Mr Leslie Webster, manager of the market ,who was working in his office in Red Lion Street. “I looked out of the window and saw this lad jump from the van and 26 on the ground. Then another lad came out of the van. He seemed to be in a 27 state”parts of his trousers were hanging below his knees.
“I came downstairs to get a fire extinguisher (灭火器) but 28 the time I got outside someone from the bank was in the 29 with an extinguisher.
Mr Webster said both men were shocked. One was taken into the market’s office to wait for a ( n) 30 . “The second man 31 going back into the van to see if everything was 32 and five minutes later he came out with a drawer that was burning, “he added. 33 inside the van was mainly superficial （表面的）34 a plastic window was blown out.
The two men have spent the last five months 35 . At the time of the incident their wives were shopping in the city.
16. A. disappointed B. excited C. frightened D. shocked
17. A. hand B. warning C. report D. assistance
18. A. inside B. outside C. around D. towards
19. A. plan B. mind C. direction D. road
20. A. after B before C. when D. until
21. A. wife B. passenger C. visitor D. guest
22. A. wounds B. sicknesses C. burns D. hurts
23. A. operation B. treatment C. recovery (复原) D. examination
24. A. much B. pretty C. usually D. actually
25. A. bomb B. fire C. truck D. accident
26. A. lie B. die C. roll D. fall
27. A. good B. poor C. better D. worse
28. A. at B. for C. after D. by
29. A. van B. office C. market D. room
30. A. rescue B. doctor C. firefighter D. ambulance
31. A. kept on B. insisted on C. cared for D. gave up
32. A. in order B. in all C. all right D. all over
33. A. Equipment B. Suffering C. Damage D. Condition
34. A. although B. since C. because D. so that
35. A. touring B. repairing C. moving D. cleaning
三、阅读理解（共40分，每小题2分）
A
Martin is a man of all trades and of many experiences. He never stays at one job for more than six months and never leaves the job of his own will. He is not actually lazy or unfit and his employers ( 雇主)can not be said to be unreasonable. He is only, according to one of his former employers, too eager for the work that his employer hasn’t the intention ( 打算) to let him do. One fact about Martin is that he never waits long to find a new job. Last month, he was fired again. Mr King, the owner of a small shop hired him to paint his new house. He readily accepted the job without a word. When later Mr King went to see how things were going on there, he couldn’t find Martin. Instead he saw four workmen carefully painting the wall. “What’s the matter?” he wondered. “Hi, Mr King!” he heard Martin’s voice calling from behind, “They are working hard, aren’t they?” Mr King turned back. He saw Martin smiling at him. “What’s happened. Martin? And why are these workers here?” Mr King asked. “I’ve hired them at 8 dollars for each man, ”Martin told him happily. “But I will only pay 30 dollars for the whole work. ”Mr King couldn’t understand. “I know, Mr King. But just think. I only need to pay another two dollars and then can enjoy the happy feeling of being a boss. Isn’t it worth the money?”
36. Why is Martin often fired? Because he _________
A. is too lazy
B. has few experiences
C. tries to be a boss
D. often acts against his employers’ will
37. Martin seems to be a