备战中考丨第十四讲定语从句.doc

备战中考丨第十四讲—定语从句
1.定语从句的三要素
先行词，引导词，句子成份
2.定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句
3.定语从句的引导词

4.关系代词的用法
that既可用于指人也可指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省去 ，作宾语可省去。
I think the first lesson that we are learning is very easy. (作主语)

 which用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
The book which is on the table is mine.(作主语)

who, whom用于指人。
who用作主语，whom用作宾语。口语或非正式用法中，作动词或介词的宾语的 whom 放在句首时，往往被 who 所代替。如果 whom 紧接在介词之后， 则不可被 who 代替。
I love singers who write their own music. (作主语)
The man (whom/who) you spoke to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)
Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working. (只可用whom)

注意
引导词只能用that的情况：

1
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时只能用that。
He was the first person that passed the exam.
2
被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, anything, none, the one等不定代词时，只能用that。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
3
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,  few等词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the same watch that I lost.
4
先行词同时含有人和物时，只能用that。
I like the school and the students that I visited.
5
 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
 Who is the boy that is crying?
6
 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to me.

 引导词只能用which的情况：
1
先行词为that, those时，用which。
What is that which is under the desk?
2
 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which。
This is the house in which he lives.
3
引导非限制性定语从句，用which。
This is a book,which I read two years ago.
典型例题

【考点一】关系代词用于指人的用法
1. The woman ___is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015, 杭州）
A. which          B. who          
C. whom         D. what
2. The person ___my father just spoke to is my headteacher.（2015, 新疆）
A. whose          B. whom         
C. when            D. which

【考点二】关系代词用于指物的用法
3.—Do you like listening to Zhang Jie’s songs ___are very loud and full of energy?
 —Of course! I’m his fan.（2015, 辽宁营口）
A. who       B. what       
C. which    D. whose
4. The red skirt ___my mother bought for me is made of cotton. (2015, 湖北孝感)
  A. that        B. when        
C. who        D. whose
5. Running man is a very relaxing TV program ___is hot among the young people.（2015, 广东）
A. what        B. which        
C. who         D. whom  
错题整理
 1. The first thing ___I'm going to do is to send an e-mail to Peter. (2015, 锦州)
  A. which       B. who            
  C. that         D. why

2. －Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.
 －Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ___people like.（2015, 福州）
A. that          B. which          C. who

3. The photo ___taken by my brother last week is very nice. (2015, 呼和浩特）
A. which were    B. that is          
C. that were      D. which was

4. Is there anything  ___ to you?（2015，广东汕尾）
A. that is belong   B.that belong 
C.that belongs      D.which belongs

5. －Why are you so worried?
   －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015, 泰安）
A. whom         B. who             
C. whose         D. which