医学英语——常用解剖术语.doc

医学英语常用解剖术语1、总论Introductionsuperior上inferior下Cranial头侧Caudal尾侧anterior前posterior后ventral腹侧dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral外侧internal内external外superficial浅profundal深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧2、运动系统locomotor （kinetic） systemvertebrae椎骨cervical vevtebrae颈椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨sternum胸骨rib肋骨thoracic cage胸廓skull颅frontal bone额骨parietal bone顶骨occipital bone枕骨temporal bone颞骨sphenoid bone蝶骨ethmoid bone筛骨mandible （submaxilla）下颌骨maxilla （supermaxilla）上颌骨nasal bone鼻骨coronal （sagital， lambdoid） suture 冠状（矢状，人字）缝orbit眶clavicle锁骨scapula （shoulder blade）肩胛骨sternum （breast bone）胸骨manubrium sterni （presternum）胸骨柄midsternum胸骨体xiphoid剑突humerus肱骨radius桡骨ulna尺骨carpal bone腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges指（趾）骨hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis耻骨femur 股骨patella髌骨tibia胫骨fibula 腓骨articulation关节ligament韧带flexion屈extension伸adduction收abduction展medial rotation旋内lateral rotation旋外pronation旋前supination旋后circumductoin环转vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘temporal-mandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint肩关节radiocarpal joint桡腕关节pelvis骨盆hip joint髋关节knee joint膝关节ankle joint踝关节muscle 肌肉tendon肌腱fascia筋膜tendinous sheath腱鞘trapezius斜方肌latissimus dorsi背阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的scalenus 斜角肌pectoralis major胸大肌intercostales肋间肌diaphragm膈肌inguinal canal腹股沟管masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌deltoid三角肌biceps brachii肱二头肌triceps brachii肱三头肌axillary fossa 腑窝gluteus maximus臀大肌piriformis梨状肌sartorius缝匠肌quadriceps femoris股四头肌triceps surae小腿三头肌femoral triangle股三角3、内脏Visceraviscera内脏oral cavity口腔lip唇cheek颊palate腭tooth牙dentes牙tongue舌parotid gland腮腺pharynx咽esophagus食管stomach gaster胃duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠large intestine大肠caecum盲肠vermiform （appendix）阑尾colon结肠rectum直肠anal canal肛管dentate line齿状线anus肛门liver （hepar）肝porta hepatis肝门gallblader胆囊pancreas胰nose鼻nasal cavity鼻腔paranasal sinus鼻旁窦larynx喉laryngeal cavity喉腔vocal cord声带trachea气管bronchi支气管lung 肺pulmonary肺的pleura胸膜mediastinum纵隔kidney肾renal pilvis肾盂ureter输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道testis睾丸epididymis附睾ductus deferens输精管spermatic cord精索prostate前列腺scrotum阴囊penis阴茎ovary卵巢uterine tube输卵管uterus子宫vagina阴道clitoris阴蒂mamma （breast）乳房mammary papilla （nipple）乳头perineum会阴pelvic diaphragm盆膈peritoneum腹膜omentum网膜4、心血管系统Cardiovascular systemheart心artery动脉vein静脉capillary毛细血管atrium心房ventricle心室tricuspid valve三尖瓣bicuspid valve二尖瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣sinuatrial node窦房结atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束right/left bundle branch右/左束支coronary artery冠状动脉coronary sinus冠状窦pericardium心包aorta主动脉innominate artery无名动脉（头臂干）common carotid artery颈总动脉carotid sinus 颈动脉窦internal（external） carotid artery颈内（外）动脉facial artery面动脉subclavian artery锁骨下动脉mesenteric artery肠系膜动脉common iliac artery髂总动脉popliteal artery 腘动脉vena cava 腔静脉internal jugular vein颈内静脉cephalic vein头静脉basilic vein贵要静脉saphenous vein隐静脉lymphatic duct淋巴导管thoracic duct胸导管lymph node淋巴结spleen脾thymus胸腺5、感觉器sense organssensory organ感觉器receptor感受器visual organ视器eyeball 眼球cornea角膜sclera巩膜choroid 脉络膜ciliary body睫状体iris虹膜retina视网膜optic disc视神经盘macula lutea黄斑aqueous humor房水lens晶状体vitreous body玻璃体eyelid 眼睑conjunctiva结膜lacrimal gland泪腺vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器ear（ auris） 耳auricle耳廓acoustic meatus耳道tympanic cavity鼓室tympanic membrane鼓膜pharyngotympanic tube 咽鼓管bony（membranous） labyrinth骨（膜）迷路vestibule 前庭semicircular canal半规管cochlea耳蜗cochlear duct蜗管olfactory organ嗅器gustatory organ味器taste bud味蕾skin皮肤6、神经系统Nervous systemcentral nervous system中枢神经系统peripheral nervous system周围神经系统visceral nerve内脏神经医学教.育网搜集afferent nerve传入神经efferent nerve传出神经neuron神经元axon 轴突dendrite树突glia 神经胶质gray matter 灰质white matter白质cortex皮质madulla髓质nucleus神经质ganglion神经节fasciculus神经束nerve神经spinal nerve脊神经cervical plexus颈丛brachial plexus臂丛lumbar plexus腰丛sacral plexus 骶丛phrenic nerve膈神经median nerve正中神经ulnar nerve尺神经radial nerve桡神经femoral nerve股神经ischiatic nerve坐骨神经common peroneal nerve腓总神经cranial nerve颅（脑）神经olfactory nerve嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve动眼神经trochlear nerve滑车神经trigeminal verve三叉神经abducent nerve展神经facial nerve面神经vestibulocochlear nerve前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal nerve舌咽神经vagus nerve迷走神经accessary nerve副神经hypoglossal nerve舌下神经autonomic nervous system自主神经vegetative nervous system植物神经sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经spinal cord脊髓encephalon （brain）脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongata延髓pons 脑桥mesencephalon中脑midbrain中脑cerebellum小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑hypothalamus下丘脑hypophysis垂体telencephalon端脑cerebrum大脑cerebral cortex大脑皮质corpus striatum纹状体internal capsule内囊spinothalamic tract皮质脊髓束medial lemniscus内侧丘系lateral lemniscus外侧丘系spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系trigeminal lemniscus三叉丘系7、体表标记Anatomic marksnaso-labial groove鼻唇沟suprasternal fossa胸骨上窝supraclavicular fossa锁骨上窝infraclavicular fossa锁骨下窝armpit （axillary fossa）腋窝midsternal （midian） line胸骨中线（正中线）anterior midian line前正中线parasternal line胸骨旁线midclavicular line锁骨中线mammillary （nipple， milk） line乳线posterior （mid-， anterior） axillary line腋后（中，前）线scapular line肩胛线midspinal line脊柱中线dorsomedian line后正中线linea paravertebralis 脊椎旁线the left （right） upper abdomen （quadrant）左（右）上腹epigastrium上腹部the middle abdomen中腹部the lower abdomen下腹部linea pararectalis腹直肌旁线anterior superior spine髂前上棘symphysis pubis （symphysion）耻骨联合ischial tuberosity坐骨结节groin （inguen）腹股沟popliteal fossa腘窝upper extremity（limb）上肢lower extremity（limb）下肢posterior superior spine髂后上嵴anterior （dorsal） part of chest（前（后）胸部）scapular region肩胛区anterior （posterior） fontanelle前（后）囱