初二英语--句子成分及基本句型讲解.doc

初二英语--句子成分及基本句型分析
教学目的
1、 掌握句子成分及其用法，学会分析；
2、 掌握五种基本句型；
3、 掌握解题技巧
重点难点
重点：1、理解并活运用基本句型。
难点：1、句子成分及分析。
2、解题技巧及方法。
教学内容
即学即练
即学即练

课前一句

Rome wasn’t built in a day. Work harder and practice more.
Your hardworking will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone!
冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力地学习，更加勤奋地操练。
你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。
教师寄语

播下一个行动，收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。老师真心希望你越来越优秀！加油，谢德阳！相信自己！！！

智能梳理

一、主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) To be a teacher is my dream.
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
即学即练
二、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
三、宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practice，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
即学即练

挑出下列句子中的宾语
① My brother doesn't do his homework.
　　A B C D
② People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
　　　　 A B C D
④ How many new words do you learn ?
　　　　　 　 A B C D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
　　　 A B C D
四.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。
即学即练

找出下列句子中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
　 A B C D
② What is your given name?
　 A B C D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
　　 A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
　　 A B C D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
　　A B C D

五.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
六.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
七.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)

写出划线部分的句子成分。

1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.

2. Her garden is the best in our town.

3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.

4. I like this book very much.

5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.

6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.

7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.

8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.

9. They are in the classroom.

10. It sounds good.

11. His name is Paul.

12. We always go to school early.
挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man is feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
　　 　A B C D
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
　 A B C D
④ Soon They all become interested in the subject.
　　　 　A B C D
⑤ She is the first to learn about it.
　 A B C D
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
② He asks her to take the boy out of school.
　　　A B C D
③ She find it difficult to do the work.
　　 A B C D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
　　 A B C D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
　A B C D
挑出下列句中的状语
① There is a big smile on her face.
　 A B C D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
　　 A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
　　　A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
　　A B C D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
　　　　 A B C D
划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（ ）
① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Does he leave any message for me?

智能梳理

如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 My head aches.

The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。

rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。

如：I love my country. He helps me.
I like action movies. I buy a book.

如：Her brother is a driver.

We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到……）

It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得）

Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）

如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。

Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。

如：They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。

We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。

He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。

专项突破

Ⅰ.听力测试。（共20个小题，计20分）
A. 情景反应。（共7个小题，每小题1分，计7分）
本题共有7个小题，从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答语并将其番号填入题前括号内。（每小题念两遍）
(  )1. A. Fine, thanks.      B. Nice to meet you.       C. I’m a worker.
(  )2. A. Thursday.            B. June 10.             C. My birthday.
(  )3. A. Thank you all the same.  B. It’s nice of you.       C. Thanks a lot.
(  )4. A. Hold on, please.       B. That’s all right.       C. What a pity.
(  )5. A. Yes, do please.        B. My pleasure.         C. That’s right.
(  )6. A. Yes, here you are.     B. You’re welcome.       C. No, thank you.
(  )7. A. How are you like?    B. How do you do?      C. What do you do?
B. 对话理解。 (共8个小题，每小题1分，计8分)
   本题共有8个小题，请根据你所听到的对话及问题，从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案并将其番号填入题前括号内。(每小题念三遍)
(  )8. A. Electronic dictionaries.   B. Mobile phones.     C. MP4 players.
(  )9. A. David.           B. Nobody.            C. Rosa.
(  )10. A. Cats.            B. Snakes.             C. Mice.
(  )11. A. School life.       B. Summer holiday.      C. Shopping.
(  )12. A. Last night.        B. Yesterday afternoon.    C. This evening.
(  )13. A. Once a day.       B. Once a week.         C. Once a month.
(  )14. A. About 8:30.        B. About 9:30.             C. About 10:30.
(  )15. A. In a restaurant.    B. In a hospital.      C. In a cinema.
C. 短文理解。 (共5个小题，每小题1分，计5分)
     请根据你所听到的短文，从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案并将其番号填入题前括号内。(短文念三遍)
(  )16. My family lived in _______ before I was 12 years old.
A. the city         B. town           C. the mountains
(  )17. I spent ______ walking to school every morning.
A. half an hour       B. one hour         C. one and a half hours
(  )18. I could meet _______ on the way to school.
A. my friends        B. my parents          C. nobody
(  )19. There were ______ students in my class.
A. 12             B. 20              C. 40
(  )20. I could see ________ there.
    A. the sea      B. many high buildings    C. many kinds of flowers

能力提升

chance cover in pain in trouble medical
Tony: Daming is training hard for the big match.
Lingling: Yes, the team has a good (1) ________this year.
Tony: Oh no, Daming’s (2)___________. He’s down!
Lingling: It looks like he’s (3) __________
Tony: Daming, what happened?
Daming: It’s my leg.
Lingling: (4) _________him with my coat.
Tony: But don’t move him. Let’s wait for someone with (5) ____________training.
Lingling: Ok.
chance ,in trouble,in pain,Cover ,medical

clear inside power rock trouble warn
Information is coming in that there could be (1)__________because of heavy rain in the north. The government is (2)__________people about falling (3)_______. Some roads have a lot of rocks on them, but people are trying to (4) _______them quickly. In some places there is no(5)________.And people must stay (6)______to keep away from falling rocks。
Trouble,warning ,rocks ,clear, power ,inside

从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话。
A．What can I do for you?
B．I'm going to England for my holiday.
C．You are welcome.
D．With pleasure!
E．What should I call people there?
F．It's very kind of you.
G．And you mustn't talk loudly in public places.
A: Hi, Peter！Where are you going for your winter holiday?x k b 1 . c o m
B: Hi, Bill！1.______ Can you tell me some rules and customs in England?
A: 2.______ First, you should drive on the left side of the road.
B: OK！What's the next?
A: 3.______
B: I see.Is there anything else?
A: It's not polite to ask personal questions, like “How old are you？” and “What's your salary (薪水) ？”
B: 4.______
A: You can call them Mr, Mrs, Ms or Miss before their family name.
B: Great.Thanks very much.
A: 5.______

课外拓展

Special buildings in Japan
Earthquakes are very common in Japan. Many can cause a lot of damage. But now there are new ways of constructing buildings to make them safer and stronger during earthquakes. The Yokohama Landmark Tower is one of the tallest buildings in Japan. It is heavy and strong. It sits on rollers. This means the earth can rise and fall beneath the building without shaking it.

反思总结

本节课，你的收获是什么呢？

课后作业

Homework：

1. 熟记本次课所讲的语法点，完成讲义上课后作业；
2. 将课上所做的错题整理到错题本上；
3. 下次课前做好复习，上课听写。

American people have the habit of saying “Thank you” when something kind is done for them or something polite is said to them, no matter how easy the thing is. This habit is learned by people of many 　1　 countries.
You should say “Thank you” when someone 　2　 you the salt on the table, when someone steps aside

to let you 　3　 in a corridor (走廊) , when someone 　4　 ahead of you keeps the door open __5__ you, when someone says your work is well __6__ or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is __7__ not only between strangers or new friends, but also between old friends, parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. Parents often tell __8__ children that they should say “Thank you” in answering to a kind word or act when they are only four __9__ five years old. Perhaps that's __10__ almost everyone has got this habit.
1．A. others B．another C．other D．else
2．A. puts B．passes C．carries D．borrows
3．A. pass B．jump C．sing D．dance
4．A. jumps B．walks C．sits D．walking
5．A. to B．with C．for D．on
6．A. made B．done C．built D．doing
7．A. tell B．said C．to say D．told
8．A. his B．theirs C．their's D．their | 1 . c| O |m
9．A. but B．and C．or D．so
10 A. why B．because C．when D．reason

A
Ladies first
In America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unless the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above. On the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic (交通)．But if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them. Then if the host (主人) or hostess (女主人) or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner, the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat though there are no people sitting on it.
1．In America, men usually ______.
A．walk ahead of women B．eat in a restaurant
C．walk behind women D．drive a car to work
2．In the street, men ______.
A．cross the street B．walk on the right side of the ladies
C．walk near the ladies D．walk on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic
3．If a man walks with two ladies, he should ______.
A．walk between them B．run before them
C．follow them D．go away
4．If a man asks you to speak at a meeting, first you should say, “______”
A．How are you? B．Is everyone here?[来源:学,科,网]
C．Ladies and gentlemen. D．How do you do?
5．If Mrs Green invites you to her house in a car, you should ______.
A．jump into the car B．sit at the front seat
C．sit at the back seat D．drive the car
B
Enjoying Dinner with Friends in America
Americans, like many people elsewhere in the world, like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food, drink and conversation. Formal dinners, in fine homes and hotels in the United States are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world. But as most people in the United States