高考英语推理判断类阅读理解点石成金术.doc

高考英语推理判断类阅读理解点石成金术

1、推断隐含意义
这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。
技巧点拨:①立足已知，推断未知 ②忠实原文 ③不要选择表层信息
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his now place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult (成年人) I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard. (08全国高考)
57. When the author went out with her father on weekend, she would feel______(A)
A. nervous B. sorry C. tired D. safe
2、推断作者观点或态度
说明文中作者的态度：①objective ②neutral
在议论文中有：①positive ②negative ③neutral ④approval ⑤disapproval ⑥indifferent
⑦sarcastic ⑧critical ⑨optimistic ⑩pessimistic
技巧点拨：在推理过程中，应特别注意作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词，千万不能主观臆断，凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）.
　　Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.(C)
　A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的）
C. neutral （中立的）　 D. nervous
3、推断写作目的
(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的
(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图
常见的写作目的归纳
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，但写作目的通常有以下四种：
常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience
常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience
多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。( to inform)
常见于议论文的文章。阐述观点（to argue)
The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.
—When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.
Don’t’ use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.
……
With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival. (08全国高考)
67. What is the purpose of the test?(D)
A. To show how to enjoy fishing.
B. To persuade people to fish less often.
C. To encourage people to set fish free.
D. To give advice on how to release fish.
4、推断文章出处
解题技巧：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1) 报纸 (2)广告 (3)产品说明
More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.
Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.
However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
●This text is taken from _____. (B)
A. a medical magazine 　　　　 B. a police report
C. an advertisement（广告）　　 D. doctor’s notebook
5、推断上下文内容
解题技巧：
推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理
推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。
When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.
●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________.(D)
A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）
总结：
1、推断隐含意义，必须吃透相关文段的意思。
2、推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句，同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。
3、推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。
4、推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话。
干扰项及误区：
1、短文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。
2、与原文相反的内容。
3、与常识相吻合，但文中找不到证据的。
4、文章没有涉及，纯属主观推断的结论。