二轮复习资料-任务阅读-写作.doc

如东县二轮复习资料—任务型阅读专项训练
如东双甸高级中学高三英语备课组
一、解题技巧---微技能训练
1、信息查找题（原词重现）
解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息。注意：判断能否使用原词。
(1) 5W and 1H: who, what, when, where, why, how
(2) 时间先后: first, then, after, that, next, finally
(3) 因果: because, thus, lead to, cause, as a result
(4) 比较: similarly, differently
(5) 转折: but, while, however, instead, on the contrary

2、信息转换题（词形转换，固定搭配）
解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，分析转换成另一种表达方式。
(1) 词性转换。动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换等。例如：
1. …be responsible for your own learning…
→ Take ___________ for one’s own learning.
2. The first step that needs to be taken is to strengthen people’s awareness of the environmental dangers.
→ The first thing we can do is to make the public __________ of the environmental dangers.
3. Communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.
→ Needs and ____________ of others should be considered.
4. With all the information available, it’s not surprising that people can feel confused.
→ There is a lot of job information on-line, but too much of it may sometimes be ____________.
5. Let them know in advance that if it’s getting too loud, they shouldn’t hesitate to let you know.
→ Let them know they can point out your problems without any ____________.
6. You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
→ Its vast resources include ways of job ____________.
7. It’s worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can.
→ The time you spend and the efforts you make will be ____________.
8. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes.
→ We need to be __________ of the eyes being harmed by dangerous reflected from the sun.
9. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
→ Students who want to build a good career should attach ____________ to setting high academic goals.
10. You’ll get some profit in return, and you won’t have to be burdened with a car…
→ You will both get profit and get rid of the ____________ of a useless car.
(2) 句子结构转换。仔细比较原句和题目，找出差异。
11. But every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communication．
→ we are always ____________ in communication with others．
12. Although there is evidence that after-school programs can make a great difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal.
→ ____________ a positive difference after-school programs make, we should note that not all programs are equal.
13. So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south.
→ Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely ____________ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.
14. It is a long way to fight against water pollution. Much has to be done to protect our living space.
→ Although it is a long way to fight against it, we have no ____________ but to do much to protect our living space.
15. Parents can help their seventh and eighth grade students stand out in and out of their English classroom by introducing them to newspapers.
→____________ students in seventh and eighth grades to newspapers can be helpful in learning English.

(3) 使用同义词或反义词。以前缀和后缀来表示，例如happy – unhappy, like – dislike, 等。
16. Sometimes we were so stubborn about doing things on our own that we don’t ask others for help.
→ Be ____________ about whether you should ask for help.
17. Staying too much in your comfort zone would just cause you to remain where you are and therefore never improve.
→ Don’t live a life without any challenge, and try to ____________ our comfort zone.
18.She thought her husband was faithful to her. But the discovery shocked her.
→ The discovery that her husband was ____________ to her was a shocking to her.
19. Floating garbage, old tires, pieces of paper, pop cans and bottles are not pleasant to look at.
→ It can be ____________ to look at but least harmful and easy to clean and prevent.
20. But they say it’s far from clear that that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.
→ It was still ____________ that social isolation rather than loneliness is the real cause of higher death rate.

(4) 另选它词、使用固定短语等转述。
21. To cut the total number of cancer cases by 25%
→ To cut the total number of cancer cases by one ____________.
22. People thinking of taking aspirin should first consult their doctors because of the possible side effect.
→ People should discuss with their doctors ____________ taking aspirin.
23. We are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.
→ We are constantly ____________ meanings by what we do.
24. Most of respondents reported asking a doctor for help with sleep problems.
→ Most people reported ____________ to a doctor for help with sleep problems.
25. When people don’t see a difference right away, they will lose heart and stop exercising.
→ People would be ____________ if they don’t see a difference within a short time.
26. What’s worse, Pete’s lack of focus leads to his failure.
→ Apart from it, his lack of focus ____________ about his failure.
27. It‘s likely that your timing was just off. → ________ are your timing was just off .
28. Make sure that it is still in useful condition. → Make sure your car still ____________ well.

3、信息归纳题（概括提炼）
解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，语义涵盖面适当。
常见概括性词有：
介绍
introduction
定义
definition
主题
theme(s), topic(s), subject(s)
异同
difference, similarity
目的
purpose, aim
总结、概括
summary, conclusion
特点
feature, characteristic
措施、行动
measure, action, activity, behavior
评论、评价
comment, remark
问题
problem, trouble
重要意义
significance, importance, meaning(s)
步骤
step, procedure, process
要求、需求
demand, need, requirement
种类
kind, type, category, form
因果
reasons (for…), causes (of…), analysis (about…), effect, result, consequence, outcome
优劣
benefit, (dis)advantage, convenience, strengths, weaknesses,
建议、预计
advice, suggestion, tip, proposal, prediction, forecast, estimate,
方式、方法
a means (of…), a way (to do…/of doing…), a method (of), a solution (to sth.), an approach (to doing…), how (to do…)
态度、观点
attitude (to / towards…), idea, opinion, view
例如：
29、导致压力的原因 ____________ of stress / reasons for stress / factors on stress
30、解决问题的办法
ways to solve the problem / ____________ to solving the problem / ____________ to the problem/ measures to solve the problem

二、解题注意点:
1、注意表达
① 整个文章结构（大小标题）
② 内容表达 (平行结构；上下一致)
2、注意词形
① 主谓一致（第三人称单数）。
② 时态、语态；
③ 非谓语动词形式；
④ 字母大小写、拼写（是否双写）；
⑤ 连词、介词；
⑥ 名词的单复数和格；
⑦ 形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级；

三、综合训练：
（A）
Once a circle lost a piece. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete, it rolled very slowly. On the way, it admired the flower along the road, chatted with worms and enjoyed the sunshine. One day the circle found the piece that fitted perfectly. It was so happy that it could be whole, with nothing missing, the circle put the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled quickly, it stopped, left that piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
The lesson of the story is that, in some sense, we are more perfect when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to expect, to hope and to nourish (滋养) his soul with the dream of something better.
There is a wholeness about the person who has come to accept his limitations and who has been brave enough to throw away unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the one who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through hard times and survive.
 Life is not a spelling game, where no matter how many words you’ve got right, you fail if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its good days. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and enjoy it, we will have reached a wholeness. That is what life asks of us---not “be perfect”, not “don’t even make a mistake”, but “be whole”.
 If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love around us all, then we can achieve a sense of fulfillment that no other living creature will ever feel.

Title: The wholeness of life
Main comparisons
Contexts
The incomplete circle
Searching for its missing piece, it (1) ____ slowly, doing what it wanted to on the way.
The perfect circle
After (2) ____ the missing piece to itself, it rolled fast, unable to take (3) ____ of everything. Thinking (4) ____, it left the piece and became slow.
A person (5) ____ something
He is even (6) ____, in some ways than the one with everything.
A person with everything
He (7) ____ expect, hope and nourish his soul with the dream of something better.
The author’s attitude toward life
(8) ____ conclusion
Accepting his limitations and throwing away unrealistic dreams (9) ____ can make a person successful. And to live a whole life, a person must learn about himself, his strength and (10) ____ hard times and survive.

(B)
Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases, it is the term used for being environmentally friendly. If you’ve been looking to replace your furniture, consider going green because environmentally friendly furniture offers many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.
First, environmentally friendly furniture isn’t harmful to your health. Also its manufacturing process doesn’t cause damage to the environment in any way. Besides, by purchasing eco-friendly products, you prevent deforestation and global warming to some extent in your own way. You do your part in protecting the environment. Environmentally friendly furniture is cost-effective as well.
The materials that are used in furniture are what make them green. Materials can be good for the environment either because they are materials that are considered renewable resources or they are all natural. A lack of chemicals and toxins in green furniture also means it is a better choice for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be a green product but they really can be depending on what they’re made of.
There are a lot of renewable sources that manufacturers could use when building the furniture, so you should be keeping an eye out for them. Bamboo can be an excellent replacement for wood and can also replace plastics and metals in some furnishing. Cotton is a soft fabric that is safe for the environment and it can be replenished(补充) often. Hemp is also a renewable source that can be used for fabric and twine.
Recycled materials also can be made into green furniture. Metals can be recovered and remade into new things such as frames and foundations for sofas. Recycled plastic can also be made into furniture such as tables and chairs. Touching up old furniture instead of buying new items is very cheap way to be green. Yard sales and second-hand stores sell furniture too and buying the used means new things won’t be made, so no more damage has to happen to the earth.
Therefore, when you want to hunt for the perfect environmentally friendly furniture, you should try to know the type of materials which are used in building the furniture.
Environmentally friendly furniture
(71) ▲
●It is (72) ▲ to your health.
●Its manufacturing process (73) ▲ damaging the environment in any way.
●It prevents deforestation and global warming to some extent.
●It helps you (74) ▲ some money as well.
Requirements of the materials
●The materials should be renewable and natural.
●The materials (75) ▲ fewer chemicals and toxins.
Materials often used in green furniture
Renewable
materials
●Bamboo can be used to (76) ▲ wood, plastics and metals.
●Cotton is a soft fabric which can be often replenished.
●Hemp is also a good material.
Recycled
materials
●Metals can be recovered and (77) ▲ to make new things (78) ▲ frames and foundations for sofas.
●Recycled plastics can be made into tables and chairs.
●Purchasing (79) ▲ furniture is also a good idea.
Conclusion
It is (80) ▲ to know the type of materials used in the furniture while you’re hunting for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.

( C )
The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don't come with an instruction handbook. And each child is different. So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration, not knowing what to do. But in raising children --- as in all of life --- what we do is influenced by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American values.
To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children stand on their own two feet. From infancy, each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they gain more freedom to make their own choices. Teenagers choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to share them with. When they reach young adulthood, they choose their own careers and marriage partners. Of course, many young adults still seek their parents' advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “leave the nest” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own, not “tied to their mother's apron strings.”
The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to treat their children as individuals --- not as extensions of themselves. They allow them to fulfill their own dreams. Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the confidence to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a friendship among equals. But contrary to popular belief, most adult Americans don't make their parents pay for room and board when they come to visit. Even as adults, they respect and honor their parents.
Most young couples with children struggle with the issue of childcare. Mothers have traditionally stayed home with their children. In recent years, though, a growing trend is to put preschoolers in a day care center so Mom can work. Many Americans have strong feelings about which type of arrangement is best. Some argue that attending a day care center can be a positive experience for children. Others in