中医英语复习全攻略.pdf

Lesson 1 英文 中文 Legends in Traditional Chinese Medicine Greek and Roman writers have handed down a number of fables,according to which,we owe much of our knowledge about therapeutic measures and methods to animals.The Chinese also have many such tales:the deer,when sick,eat senicio palmatus;dogs,having overeaten,seek corn stalks;rats,when poisoned,drink muddy water;cats and spiders eat,as antidotes to bee-sting,the grass that grows on the roof;birds,when their beaks get stained by poisonous berries,peck at the root of actea spicata;the tiger,when wounded,eats clay;and monkeys,to stop bleeding,stuff a ball of wood leaves in the wound.Some of these legends are recorded at great length.One of such legends tell us that once a farmer saw a wounded snake lying on the ground while another with a blade of grass in the mouth applied it to wound.A day passed and the snakes moved away.The farmer gathered the grass left behind and tried it on the wounds with good results.Henceforth the herb was named snake grass.Another story about snakes trying to cure themselves is found in the Nan annals.It is said that one of the emperors named Liu Jinu,before he became great and while cutting down a plant,saw a large snake and shot it with an arrow.The next day he went there and heard the sound of a mortar and pestle.When he searched for the source of the sound,he saw several youths clad in green in the hazel thicket grinding some plant for medicine.On being asked why they did this,they replied that their master was shot with an arrow by Liu Jinu and that they were now preparing medicine to cure the wound for their master.He asked why they did not kill Liu,the youths replied that he would become emperor and they must not harm him.Liu scolded them and the youths ran away.He picked up the herbs and whenever he applied them to a wound it got well.Ever after the people called this herb Liu Jinu.It may be assumed from the above that some of the foundations of primitive healing have their basis in animal medicine.The most important factor in prehistoric healing is the belief in supernatural.Human knowledge was extremely limited for primitive man.Knowing nothing whatever of physical laws,cause and effect,yet seeking an explanation of the workings of nature,he described them in the only way possible to him.He attributed to all inanimate objects his own sentiments and passion,fancying them influenced by the same things in the same way.This tendency to personify or animate everything is universal among savages;and in early philosophy throughout the world all natural phenomena are alive and,as it were,human in their nature.He was frightened by the flash of lightening,the eruption of an earthquake,the crash of thunder.The sun,moon,stars,clouds,storm and fire were to him the outward manifestations of gods,demons,devils,spirits or other supernatural factors.Consequently health and diseases were thought to be controlled by them,and diseases,in particular,were regarded as the work of devils or were devils in 中医药传说 希腊和罗马的作家们流传下来了许多寓言。通过这些，我们获得了动物的治疗措施和方法的知识。中国也有许多这样的故事：当鹿病时吃千里光，狗吃得过饱则寻玉米秸秆，当鼠中毒则喝泥浆水，猫和蜘蛛吃生长在屋顶的草作为蜂蜇的解毒剂，当鸟类的嘴染上有毒的浆果就吃粘土，还有猴子留在伤口填塞木球样的东西。这些传说有些是有很大篇幅记录的。传说，一次一位农夫看到一条受伤的蛇躺在地上而另一条蛇口中含有一片草叶敷在伤口上。一天过去了，蛇走了。农夫收集留下来的草，试着用在伤口上，效果很好。从此，这种草药被命名为蛇草。另一个故事是关于蛇试图治愈自己是在南史册中发现的。据说一位皇帝叫刘寄奴，在他称帝前，一次砍柴，看到一大蛇弓箭射之。第二天，他到那，听到杵臼之声。当他循声寻去，只见几名青衣童子正在捣药。在被问道他们为什么这样做，众童子说：“只因昨日刘将军箭中我主，我主疼痛难忍，命我等捣药敷伤。”他问他们为什么不杀了他。童子答道他会成为皇帝，他们绝不能伤害他。刘寄奴叱责他们，童子吓得逃跑了。寄奴便将其草药和拿回，用此药给人疗伤，颇有奇效。从那以后人们就把它叫“刘寄奴”。从以上我们可以设想一些原始治疗的基础是以动物医学为基础的。史前治疗最重要的一个因素是超自然的信仰。原始人的知识是非常有限的。不知道任何物理定律、原因和结果，但寻求对自然的运作进行解释。用对原始人来说是唯一可能的方式来描述它们。原始人归因于所有非生命物体、自己的感情和激情，想象它们受到同样的东西同样的方法的影响。拟人化、生命化任何事务的趋势广泛存在于原始人中。在早期哲学中全世界所有自然现象就像人那样是有生命的。人们害怕闪电、地震爆发、雷鸣。太阳、月亮、星星、云、雨和火、外在表现为神，鬼，鬼，神或其他超自然的因素。结果人们都认为健康与疾病都受到他们的控制。尤其是被看作是魔鬼在作怪或者是魔鬼 temporary possession of the human body,which would only be cured of its infirmity when the intruders were evicted by the application of appropriate incantations,charms and other superstitious practices.Indeed the number of these devils，as they increased down the ages,multiplied to such an extent that the Chinese traditions have almost one particular devil for each disease.For example,nightmares are supposed to be caused by the fox ghost and pains in abdomen by the house god.It follows that with the beginning of superstitious primitive healing art,instead of the crude herb therapy,medicine became an affair of charms and spells,incantations and offerings.And out of these we have the advent of the with doctor,faith and nature healers,and other quacks who profess to cure sickness by all sorts of miraculous devices.Reading Comprehension 1.The fables handed down from Greek and Roman writes indicate that A.our knowledge about therapeutic methods comes for animals B.we use animals as therapeutic means and measures C.we use certain animal parts as drugs D.animals in Greece and Rome are experienced in medicine 2.why dogs,according to the Chinese tales,seek corn stalks?A.because they want to eat more B.Because they sue con stalks to promote digestion by instinct.C.Because they are partial to corn stalks.D.Because they want to enrich their food.3.The story about Liu Jinu tells us that A.Liu Jinu was born to be an emperor B.Animals know how to use certain plants to cure their diseases C.The snake employs some youths to work for it D.Liu Jinu hated snakes 4.“Consequently health and disease were thought to be controlled by them”.This sentence means that A.the human health and disease were controlled by animals B.the human health and disease were controlled by the sun,the moon and stars.C.the human health and disease were controlled by gods,demons,devils,etc.D.the human health and disease were controlled by the flash of lightening,the eruption of an earthquake 5.In the sentence“There are the water spirits to entice a person to water”,“spirit”means A.vitality B.consciousness C.powder D.ghost 附身。这只能用恰当的咒语、魔力等其它迷信的做法削弱之以图治愈。诚然，随着岁月的增长，这些恶魔已经到达这样一个程度：中国传统几乎把每一疾病与一恶魔相对应。比如，恶梦由狐鬼造成，家神能使腹部疼痛。随着迷信原始医术的开始，不是用中药治疗，医疗成为一件有魅力和法术、咒语、贡物的事。这就出现了医生、信念与自然治疗者、以及用各种各样的神奇装置治疗疾病的庸医。阅读理解阅读理解 1.希腊和罗马的作家们流传下来的许多寓言表明了 A我们治病的知识来源于动物。B我们把动物当作治疗方法与措施。C我们用动物的某一部分入药。D希腊和罗马的动物用于医疗试验。2.在中国故事中，为什么狗寻觅玉米秸秆？A因为它们想吃更多的食物。B因为它们出于本能想通过玉米秸秆帮助消化。C因为它们喜欢玉米秸秆。D.因为它们想丰富它们的食物。3.刘寄奴的故事告诉我们 A刘寄奴命中注定要当皇帝。B动物懂得用某些植物治疗疾病。C那条蛇雇用一些童子为它工作。D刘寄奴讨厌蛇。4.“结果人们都认为健康与疾病都受到他们的控制”的意思是 A人类的健康与疾病受到动物的控制。B人类的健康与疾病受到太阳、月亮、星星的控制。C人类的健康与疾病受到神鬼等的控制。D人类的健康与疾病受到闪电、地震的控制。5.在句子“水妖诱人入水”中“妖”意为 A生命力 B.意识 C.粉末 D.鬼 Lesson 2 英文 中文 A comparison between Chinese and Western Medicine Modern medical science is highly analytical and by reducing the body to its component parts,it devises appropriate therapy based on experimental studies of 中西医区别 现代医学科学是高度分析和减少身体的组成部分，它有效的治疗是建立在细菌学、bacteriology,physiology,and pharmacology along with clinical research.Practitioners of modern medicine concentrate on identifying the disease by isolating it to a single cause,the healing that specific area of the body.The proper medicine cannot be prescribed if the illness is unknown or undecided.The drugs used in treatment are composed of synthetic and chemical substances and surgery is employed as a principal tool.Moreover,medicines are prescribed without consideration of the patients constitution and life style,or of environmental factors such as climate.Chinese medicine in contrast is intertwined with philosophical and metaphysical view of life base on comprehensive whole body treatment.The Chinese physician does not need to know the name of the illness in modern medical terms.Rather,he pays special attention to the patients subjective complaints or conformation and prescribes a holistic treatment on a subjective basis.In short,while modern medicine relies on accurate diagnosis by naming the disease and its causes,Chinese medicine stresses the patients reactions and approaches the treatment of disease from the standpoint that each individual is unique.A leading authority on Chinese herbal medicine,Dr.Yakazu Domei,lists the following differences between Chinese and Western medicine:Chinese Medicine Western Medicine 1.Philosophical 1.Scientific 2.Synthetic 2.Analytical 3.Holistic 3.Topical 4.Internal 4.Surgical 5.Conformational 5.Heteropathic 6.Empirical 6.Theoretical 7.Hygienic 7.Preventive 8.Individual 8.Socialized 9.Preventive 9.Bacteriological 10.Experiential 10.Experimental 11.Humoral 11.Cellular 12.Subjective 12.Objective 13.Natural sources 13.Synthetic analogs Chinese medicine regards the universe as an organism and man as a microcosm of the universe.Western medicine views the human body as a machine or mechanism made up of component parts and develops its theories from this assumption.These different assumptions have created or led to the differences between Chinese and Western medicine.From the above description it is evident that Chinese medicine is holistic in approach.For example,if a patients eyes are red,a Western doctor will lotion to wash the eye while the Chinese physician will regard the disorder as“overthriving fire”and try to reduce the fire in the patient by having him take such fire-dissipating agents as coptis or gardenia.Another example is the treatment of itching skin,a condition related in Chinese medicine to the vitality of the liver,making the liver the focal point for treatment.The Western physician would more than likely use a dermatolodical lotion to cure a skin ailment,focusing on the specific symptom rather than its cause.Reading comprehension 生理学、药理学的实验研究和临床研究基础之上。西医师注重辨明疾病的单一病因，治疗身体某一区域。如果疾病不明确则不能开正确的处方。治疗中的药物是合成物和化学物质，手术也是治疗一种的手段。此外，开药时医师没有考虑病人的体格和生活方式，或者是没有考虑环境因素如气候。相比之下，中医是哲学与形而上学的人生观相结合基于整体观而建立的。中医内科医生不需要知道疾病的现代医学术语，而是更注重主诉和体形，在主观基础上以整体观治疗疾病。简而言之，当现代医学通过知道病名和病因以治疗疾病，中医强调病人的反应和治疗方法基于整体观。中医权威矢数道明博士列出了中西区别如下 中医认为宇宙为一有机体，人为宇宙的一缩影。西医认为人的身体像机器或各部件构成的机械，其理论由此设想而发展。想法不同而导致中西医差异。如上所述，明显中医在治疗方法是整体观。比如，如一病人眼红色的，西医会用洗剂清洗眼睛而中医会把这是“上火”就会用诸如黄连或栀子花等的降火药。另一例子是治疗皮肤瘙痒，中医认为与肝有关，肝为治疗重点。西医可能会用皮肤科用药治疗，关注症状而不是病因。中医 西医 1.哲学 1 科学 2.人为的 2.分析的 3.整体的 3.局部的 4.内部的 4.外科的 5.构造的 5.对症的 6.经验的 6.理论的 7.保健的 7.预防的 8.个体 8.社会 9.预防 9.细菌 10 经验的 10.实验的 11.体液的 11.细胞的 12.主观的 12.客观的 13.天然物 13.合成物 1.Why modern medicine is highly analytic?A.It emphasizes a lot on experimental studies.B.It analyzes the conditions of the patient carefully in diagnosis C.It emphasizes a lot on clinic practice.D.It treats the patient according to his or her constitution and life style.2.in modern medicine,A.proper medicine is prescribed when the disease is unknown and undecided.B.Only when the disease is fully understood and identified can proper medicine be prescribed.C.Medicines are prescribed according to the specific conditions of the patient.D.Medicines are prescribed carelessly 3.When a Chinese doctor treats the patient,he A.relies on accurate diagnosis by naming the disease and its causes B.stresses the patients reactions and approaches the treatment of disease from the standpoint that each individual is unique C.is intertwined with philosophical and metaphysical view of life D.needs to know the name of the illness in modern medical terms 4.Dr.Yakazu Domei made a detailed comparison between the western medicine and the Chinese medicine in order to show that A.the Western medicine regards the universe as an organism and man as a microcosm of the universe B.the Chinese medicine views the human body as a machine or mechanism made up of component parts and develops it theories from this assumption C.the western medicine is superior to the Chinese medicine D.the Chinese medicine is superior to the Western medicine 5.In the sentence“From the above description its is evident that medicine is holistic in approach”,the word“holistic”means A.holly B.entire C.organic D.analytic 阅读理解阅读理解 1.为什么现代医学是高度分析的？A.它很强调实验研究。B在诊断中它强调病人的身体状况。C它强调临床实践。D它通过病人的形体与生活方式治病。2.在现代医学中，A.疾病不明确也能正确开处方。B只有当疾病明确才能开处方。C通过病人身体状况的详情开处方。D开处方粗心大意。3.当中医治病，他 A靠正确诊断出病名和病因 B强调病人病人反应，整体观以治病。C是哲学与形而上学的人生观的交织。D需要知道疾病的现代医学术语。4.权威矢数道明博士列出了中西区别是为表明 A.西医认为宇宙为一有机体，人为宇宙的一缩影。B 中医认为人的身体像机器或各部件构成的机械，其理论由此设想而发展。C西医超越中医 D中医超越西医 5.在句子“如上所述，明显中医在治疗方法是整体观。”，“整体观”意为 A.冬青 B.全面的 C.有机的 D.分析的 Lesson 3 英文 中文 Introduction to Jingui Yaolue Jingui Yaolue represents the earliest known prescription book on miscellaneous diseases in China.It briefly and clearly categorizes and classifies disease.Each of the twenty-two chapters stands as a whole but at the same time relates to the other chapters.Contradictions or incompatibilities appear sporadically,but errors are unavoidable in literature handed down from generation to generation.The book includes passages on spasms,moisture disease,sunstroke,lily disease,hu-huo(throat-anus-genitals syndrome),malaria,apoplexy,polyarthritis,blood paralysis,asthenic phthisis,pulmonary atrophy,pulmonary carbuncle,cough,cardialgia,gasping,palpitation,nosebleeds,and hematemesis,hemorrhage,thoracic distention,stagnant blood,vomiting,diarrhea,sore carbuncles,eructation,effusive skin sores,tarsal collapse,swelling of the fingers and arms,muscle cramping,inguinal hernia,ascariasis and problems connected with pregnancy and childbirth.金匮要略简介 金匮要略是我国现存最早的一部诊治杂病的专著。它简明清晰地将疾病分类。这二十二章各自作为独立整体同时有相互凉席。它偶尔出现矛盾，但在代代流传中难免出现错误。书中论述了痉、湿、暍、百合合病、狐惑病、疟疾、中风、历节、血痹、肺结核、肺痿、肺痈、咳嗽、心痛、短气、心悸、鼻出血、咯血、胸腹胀、瘀血、呕吐、疮痈、打嗝、皮肤溃疡、跖跗关节损伤、手指和手臂肿胀、肌肉抽筋、阴狐疝、蛔虫病、以及妊娠病、产后病。The therapeutic value of the herbs and prescription in Jingui Yaolue have been patently underwritten by thousands of years of use.By combining his own medications with the invaluable ancient prescriptions,ZhangZhongjing compiled a truly great record of medical practices.Before we delve into the details of each chapter,let us first make a general survey of the contents of the book.The first chapter,“Disease Sequences of the Zang-fu Organs and the Meridians”,delineates the general rules for diagnosing,distinguishing conformations,and selecting treatment methods.It puts forth the principles by which the physician should treat a disease.The rest of the chapters discuss the separate diseases.Chapter on pulmonary carbuncles,pulmonary atrophy,cough,and flushing of qi outlines diseases of the respiratory system.A discussion of malaria,an infectious disease,comprises Chapter.The next Chapter on the digestive system covers bent un qi,abdominal distension,undigested food,vomiting,retching and diarrhea.Sores,carbuncles and spreading effusive sores are covered in skin diseases,inguinal hernia is considered a surgical problem;and tarsal collapse involves the motor organs.The discussion of ascarids is found in the chapter on intestinal parasites;polydipsia falls under signs of endocrine and feverish diseases,and oliguria in the chapter on urological diseases.The final chapters discuss the sequelae of feverish diseases,such as lily disease,hu-huo and urinary dripping,both of which resemble veneral diseases;deficiency phthisis;and problems associated with menstruation,pregnancy and childbirth.From this,it can been seen that Jingui Yaolue encompasses internal medicine;surgical,gynecological and dermatological disease;and infectious disease.It is not complete as a general