(新目标)八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组与句型.doc

(新目标)八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组与句型
Units 1---2
1. hardly 几乎不 hardly ever很少
She hardly ever eats junk food. 含hardly、never的反义疑问句中，附加问句用肯定形式。
It hardly rains here, does it?
2.as for 就…而言,至于，关于 as for sth./ doing sth 至于
As for eating, I like healthy food.
3. surf the Internet 上网冲浪 on the Internet 上网， 通过网络
4.on weekends 在周末 = on the weekend =at the weekend
5.问频率how often 多久一次
twice a week 一周两次 once a year 一年一次
three times a week 一周三次 four times a month 一个月四次
three times a day 一天三次
表频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
有关How的问句：
How often do you exercise? Once a month 一月一次
How many times do you watch TV? Once.
How long 多久，多长时间----- （For ）+ 一段时间
How soon 还要多快 ---- In +一段时间 （常用于将来时）
How far 多远 ----- Six kilometers away （from）…
How far is it from your home to our school?
It’s 2 kilometers away.
It’s 2 kilometers.
How many hours do you sleep? (For) Nine hours.
once or twice 一两次 at once马上、立刻
6. go to the movies 去看电影 watch TV 看电视
7. be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益
be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害
be good to 对…好
be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长
be good with 与……相处得好
8. sometimes 有时 sometime某时，（指过去或未来的某个时候）
some times 几次，几倍 some time一段时间
I sometimes go to school by bus.
He has been to Beijing some times.
I’ll come to see you sometime next week.
I waited for you for some time.
9. exercise = take exercise = do sports=play sports 锻炼
She exercises once a day.= She does exercise once a day
exercise作名词 表“运动，锻炼” 是不可数名词；表“体操，眼保健操”是可数名词。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
10. of course = certainly = sure 当然
11. look after = take care of 照顾 look after well = take good care of照顾好
look at 看 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找
look up 查找 look over 检查（身体） look the same 看上去一样
12. keep healthy=stay healthy =keep/stay in good  health 保持健康
health n.健康 healthy adj.健康的 =be in good  health
healthily adv. eat healthily 健康地吃
unhealthy adj. an unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活方式
have a healthy lifestyle 拥有健康的生活方式
13. eating habit 饮食习惯 be a good habit to do sth. 做某事是一个好习惯
14. get good grades 取得好成绩
15. be different from 与什么不同 be the same as 与什么相同
different adj.不同的 difference n. 可数名词 不同点
the differences between …… and ……在…… 与……之间的不同点
make a big difference 有很大不同、对…很重要
16. although = though “虽然，即使” 常放于句首。
Although he is old, yet he is quite strong. 句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so.
17.a lot of = lots of 许多+不可数名词或可数名词的复数
同义： many + 可数名词复数-----（反义）few
much + 不可数名词 -----（反义）little
（肯定含义）a few 一些 （否定含义）few 几乎没有 + 可数名词复数
（肯定含义）a little 一点点 （否定含义）little几乎没有 + 不可数名词
He has a few friends, but little money.
18. many/much的比较级: more 最高级: most
little less least
few fewer fewest
You should eat more vegetables and less meat.
19.too many + 可数名词复数 （太多）
too much + 不可数名词 （太多）
much too + 形容词 （太）
He is much too unhealthy, he has too much meat.
20.junk food 垃圾食品 healthy food 健康食品
21.sleep for nine hours 睡九个小时
22. want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事
23. try to do sth. 尽量做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
do /try one best to do sth. 尽全力做…..Let’s try our best to help them.
24.help sb (to) do sth =help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
help sb out 帮某人克服、摆脱困难
25. shop = go shopping = do some shopping 购物
26. all, most, some, no most of the students = most students 大多数学生
27. some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议
give advice 提出建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
28.What is your favourite program? ( 同义句)
What program do you like best?
29.the result s for …….的结果是 The result s for “watch TV” are interesting.
the result of 是…..的结果 Here are the results of the survey.
30.pretty =rather=very=quite 非常，相当
31.improve oneself in 在某方面提高自己
32.get back =be back =come back =return (to) sw 回来，返回
get back 取回，拿回
33.maybe 与 may be 也许，大概 may + 动词原形
He may be in the room. = Maybe he is in the room.
34.not…..until 直到··· （否定句） 才动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
……until/till 直到··· （肯定句）动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
35.看病用语 (同义句)
① What's the matter (with sb.)? 怎么了？
= What's the trouble (with sb.)?
= What's wrong (with sb.)?
= What's up (with sb.)?
= Is there anything wrong (with sb.)?
② I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服。
= I'm feeling ill/ sick. = I feel terrible/ bad.
= I don't feel well
③I have a stomachache. 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache.   
=(There is) something wrong with my stomach.
= My stomach hurts.
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
36. I have a cold and a cough.我感冒、咳嗽。
have a cold/ stomachache/ toothache/ fever/ sore throat 感冒/胃痛/牙痛/发烧/喉咙痛 have a high fever 发高烧
I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。a lot of 很多 、很厉害
37. have/drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜜的热茶
with 与…具有,含有 用 a city with many flowers see with our eyes
38.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。
39. see a dentist/ doctor 看牙医/医生
40. feel /get /be stressed out 压力大 ,紧张的
别紧张 Don’t be stressed out
41. feel 觉得，get 变, stay 保持, keep 保持，
   sound 听起来是系动词，常与形容词连用。如：feel happy, get tired,
stay / keep healthy
42. at the moment = now 此刻，常与现在进行时连用
43. lie down and have a good rest 躺下好好休息
44. for example 例如
45. It’s important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食很重要。
a balanced died 平衡饮食
46.stressed out 压抑；筋疲力尽 I’m stressed out. 我压力太大。
47. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
48. I really need some conversation practice. 我真的需要一些对话练习。
conversation practice 对话练习
49. I have no idea. = I don't know. 我不知道。
I'm sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难过。
50. It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事怎么样。
It’s important to eat a balanced diet. 均衡饮食很重要。
51. yang foods 阳性食物
52. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。
53. 表建议 You should drink more water. You shouldn't eat more.
情态动词　should 与 shouldn't 表建议
54. 身体各部位名称  tooth n. 复数形式 teeth foot n. 复数形式 feet
55. I think so. 我认为如此。 （否定句）I don’t think so.
56. 写作　看病
八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组与句型 Unit3
1. What are you doing for vacation?   I'm visiting my grandmother.
I'm taking walks，going fishing，and going bike riding． 我要散步，钓鱼，骑自行车。
When are you doing? I'm going on Monday.周一我要去。
for vacation度假
2. .☆ 现在进行时表一般将来时 常用的动词有：
   is/ am/ are going is/ am/ are leaving   is/ am/ are coming
3. babysit sb．…照顾(婴儿) (过去式) babysat （现在分词）babysitting
She's babysitting her sister．她要照看她妹妹。
4. . go camping 去野营      go shopping 去买东西 go swimming 去游泳     go boating 去划船 go skating 去溜冰       go walking 去散步 go climbing 去登山     go fishing 去钓鱼 go hiking 去徒步远足 go dancing 去跳舞 go sightseeing 去观光
5. do some shopping 买东西do some washing 洗衣服 do som cooking 做饭 do some reading 读书
do some speaking 训练口语
6. rent videos租赁录像带 a lot 许多
I'm renting videos and sleeping a lot．我要租赁录像带并且要大睡一觉。
7. 问多长时间 How long are you staying? --- For four days.
how long 须与短暂性动词连用
eg. How long can I keep the book/ stay here / wait for the bus ?
For 2 days/ .
8. That sounds nice/ interesting. 系动词( feel/ sound /look/keep/stay)+形容词
9. I want an exciting vacation! A no-stress vacation! 我要过一个令人激动的假期!一个没有压力的假期!
10. an exciting vacation一个令人激动的假期
11. something different 不同的某物 something + 形容词
some、something 一些(事) 多用于肯定句 ,
any 、anything 一些(多用于否定句与疑问句)
12. Can I ask you some questions? ---Of course.
13. take walks = go for a walk 散步
take a vacation = take vacations = go on vacation
14. think about 考虑 think about + doing sth
15. .☆finish doing 完成做某事
16. I hope you feel better soon.
hope + to do = hope + that 从句 （主语一致）
I hope I can finish the work on time. = I hope to finish the work on time.
17. plan to do sth.计划做某事 (过去式) planned （现在分词）planning
18. need (作行为动词) ： 人+ need to do sth. 人需要做某事
物+ need doing . 物需要被做某事
eg She needs to rest. （否定借do 或does） Flowers need watering.
need (作情态动词)常用于否定句或一般疑问句）eg She needn’t rest.
Need she rest? Yes, she must . No, she needn’t.
19. How about +doing…? = What about +doing…? ……怎么样？
20．go back= come back= get back 回来 get back to +sw回到某地
get back home/ here /there 回家、这、那儿
21. tour n. tourist n. 旅客 游客
22.practice + doing sth 练习做某事
23.be weak in = be bad at 在某方面差
be good at = do well in 在某方面好、擅长
24.decide to do sth 决定做某事 .☆ decide on + doing sth 决（选）定做
I thought about going to Spain or Greece , but decided on Canada.
25. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
26.leave for + sw 出发去，前往
I am leaving for Beijing, 我将（要）去北京。.
leave …… for + sw 离开……去 .☆ 短暂性动词用于进行时表将来
leave “遗忘、忘记” ☆ leave + 物 + 地点 把某物忘在某地
I left my book at home this morning.今天上午我把书忘在家里了。
☆ forget sth 忘记某物 forget + to do sth忘记做某事（未做）
forget + doing sth 忘记做某事（已做）
27.in Europe 在欧洲 in a European country
28.host family 房东
29.be tired of + doing 厌倦在某事
30.make a plan for 为…… 制定计划
31. take some medicine 吃药 the /some medicine for 治… 的药
32.hear (heard) sb do /doing sth. 听到某人做某事
33.show sb sth = show sth to sb 把…… 那给……看
show……around 带领某人参观
34.people who are too stressed out 定语从句，先行词指人，关系代词用
who或 that ,此处who作主语，不可省略。
He is the man who/that we like very much.（作宾语，可省略）
He is the man whothat is late for work.
35. be famous for 因……而出名
36. spend time 度时光 sb spend time on sth. / (in ) doing sth.
☆ 写作：假期计划
Unit 4 How do you get to school?重点短语
1.交通工具的表达法：用how提问 
How do you get to school? I ride my bike. ☆ ride one's bike骑自行车
(1) ride a bike=go to …by bike =go to …on a bike 骑车去…
by bike, by bus, by subway, by taxi, by boat, by car, by train (乘坐……车，放在句尾)
(2) drive a car=go to …by car / in a car 开车去
(3) walk to …=go to…on foot 步行去
(4) 乘公车/火车/地铁/的士/飞机….
take a bus / train / subway / taxi / plane / ….
=go to …on a bus / train / subway / taxi / plane / ….
=go to …by bus / train / subway / taxi / plane / ….
take a plane=fly to=go to …by plane / air 乘飞机去…
take the taxi/ train/ bus/ subway/ car 可用冠词the /a ,
也可用复数形式 take buses
2. 问多长时间 How long does it take? It takes about 10 minutes.
☆ It takes(took) sb some time to do sth.做某事花了某人多长时间
=人 spend(spent) 时间/金钱 on sth / (in) doing sth.
=人 pay(paid) 钱 for 物
=物 cost(cost) 人 钱
eg. It takes him about 2 days to walk to the town.
--- How long does it take him to walk to the town?
（同义句） He spends 2 days walking.
☆ take sb. to + 地点 把某人送/带到某地
take him home 带他回家 take him to the hospital
   It takes me about 25 minutes to walk to school
3. 询问距离用how far
How far is it from your home to school?
从你家到学校有多远?
It’s around / about 5 kilometers (away) from my home to school.
☆ There are 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds(秒) in a minute.
8分钟的路程/骑8分钟车
eight minutes’ walk/ride=an eight-minute walk/ride
4. how long 多长时间 how far 多远
how often 多长时间一次 how much, how many 多少
5. I ride my bike to the subway station．我骑车去地铁车站。
6. In North America，not all students take the bus to school.
在北美，并非所有学生坐公共汽车去学校。
7. have a big /quick breakfast 吃丰盛的/少量的早餐
have a quick breakfast= have breakfast quickly 很快吃完早餐
8. get to school 到校 get to = arrive in/at = reach 到达
(arrive /reach) get home/ there/ here 到家/这/那儿
9. leave for 离开去…… 出发/动身去….. He is leaving China for America.
10. It depends on where you are. 它取决于你在哪里。
depend on/upon + 名词/代词/动词ing 依靠，依赖，取决于
11. Don't worry. 别担心
☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….为某人/某事担心
I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
12. around the world = all over the world 全世界、环球
look around 四处环顾 show ….around 带领….四处参观
13. ill=sick 作表语 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。
He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。（sick作定语）
名词：illness be ill in hospital 生病住院
14. What do you think of the China?
=How do you like China?
你认为你们镇上的交通情况如何?
think of看待，认为 = think about
15. Other parts of the world are different from the United States.
世界上其他地方与美国不同。
☆ be (quite) different from与……(完全)不同
16. In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车与公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。
the most popular最流行的 means of transportation 交通工具
☆ transportation 公共交通，运输（不可数名词）
What do you think of the transportation in your town?
=How do you like the transportation in your town? 你觉得…怎么样？
17. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus. 那肯定比坐公车有趣得多。
☆ (1)表推测：must be 一定、必定、肯定 用于肯定句中
can’t be 不可能 用于否定句中
一般疑问句：--- Can it be Mr Li?
--- No, it can’t be him. He must be in the room.
(2)a lot/a bit/a little/much/even/still/far….修饰比较级 a little taller
(3)have fun+ doing sth=have a good time+doing=enjoy oneself+doing
做某事玩得开心、过得愉快
(4)mustn’t+动词原形 “千万不要，禁止”
You mustn’t play on the road. You must obey the rules.
## --- Must we stay here?
--- Yes, you must.
--- No, you needn’t./don’t have to.
18. in North America 在北美 in other parts of the world 在世界其他地区
In the north/south/east/west 在北/南/东/西
19. more 是many much 的比较级
(1)“更多” I have more friends than you.
(2)“更” 形容词的比较级 more popular 更流行
(3)more 可与数词或表数与量的词连用
eg. some/many/much more
或 ☆ two more girls=another two girls
数词+more=another+数词
20.most 大多数、大部分 + 可数或不可数名词
(1)Most people like beef. Most water is dirty.
(2)Most of the +名词 作主语，动词视后面的名词而定。
Most of the apple is bad. Most of the apples are red.
21. not all ….并非所有….都…
表部分否定：not 与all,both,many,much,everyone,everything,always等连用，表部分否定。
The teacher could not answer all of the question.
= The teacher could answer some of the question.
老师只能回答其中的部分问题。
22.the three most popular ways of getting to school 三种最受欢迎的上学方式
the way of doing sth=the way to do sth
It’s the best way of solving the problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好方式。
= It’s the best way to solve the problem.
23. at a bus stop/station 在公车站
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
24. one….., the other …..一个…., 另一个…
some …the others….一些…, 剩下所有的….
some …others….一些…, 另一些….
25. ☆ a number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用复数 “许多”=many
可用large/great/small 修饰，表程度。
☆ the number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用单数 “…..的数量”
A great number of students are young.
The number of the students is 2,200.
26. take a shower 沐浴，洗澡
27. ask ……for help 向…… 求助
28. turn left at the second crossing.=take the second crossing on the left.
在第二个路口向左拐。 walk on 继续走
29. if “如果”：引导条件状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.
I’ll go shopping if I’m free tomorrow.
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
go to the concert去音乐会 Thank you for your invitation .邀请
invite v.邀请Invite sb to do sth邀请某人干某事
invite sb to someplace邀请某人去某地 invite me to Beijing
e over 顺便来访 come over to my house 到我家来 
11.free adj.自由的,空闲的,免费的 反义词busy---- be free ,be b