高中英语“熟词生义‘’.docx

高中英语“熟词生义”单词学习一览表 正阳县高级中学 李丹词汇是高中英语教学的一个重点，同时也是一个难点。没有丰富的词汇，就无法进行高效的阅读和写作。绝大多数英语成绩不理想的学生都反映他们记不住单词，不能对一个句子进行成分分析；尤其是自己感觉记住了单词，但在某个特定句子中却仍然不能理解句义，这个时候就涉及到单词的“一词多性”和“一词多义，也可以说是熟词生义。近年来，高中英语更注重英语语言知识的应用，各种试题题型对“熟词生义”的考查也越来越多。只有掌握了词汇的全面而精准的意思，才能在英语的学习过程中得心应手，体会到英语的语言美。下面是笔者对于高中阶段常考到的“熟词生义”的归纳，希望能帮助广大英语学习者正确理解和应用英语词汇。 序号单词熟 义生 义学 习 要 点1across横过;越过1.到、在对面（adv/prep）He lives across the street.他住在街对面。the house across the street 街道对面的房子2.宽（adv）The river is 50 meters across.河宽50米。The tree measures 50 cm across.2add增加，加起来接着说,补充说I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。3address地址；住址(n)1.演说; 正式讲演an address of welcome欢迎词2.对.讲演或发表演说(vt)address a meeting向大会发表演说address the whole nation 向全国发表演说He addressed me in low tones.他低声与我交谈3.称呼；用特殊的头衔称呼How shall I address you? 我应当怎样称呼您呢?Dont address me as boss.不要叫我“老板”。4.写姓名地址(vt)address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.信封上写着杰克约翰逊先生收。4admit承认1.准许进入This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。be admitted to /into Beijing University被北京大学录取2.接容纳；容许(指解决办法等)The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。5afford担负得起费用抽得出(时间)He cant afford an hour for lunch. I cant afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。6against反对, 逆着,倚靠着,1.与成对照against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照;The picture looks better against the light wall.这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。2.防备；防御against the cold 防冷;against a rainy day 防备雨天We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。be prepared against war and natural disasters备战备荒7air空气,天空1.发表(意见等)air ones views发表意见使通风, 使通气She aired the room by opening the window.她打开窗子使房间通风。8allow允许，准许给予；使得到allowed him 1000 for expenses 给他每年1000 英镑的开销容许(of)allow of no excuse不容辩解 Such conduct allows of no excuse.这样的行为是不容辩解的。考虑到;体谅;顾及(for)We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。酌留；预计allow 10% for inflation 允许10%的通货膨胀allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁9alone单独地, 独自地用在名词或代词之后只有/唯有/仅仅Smith alone knew what happened.只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。 The key alone will open the door.只有这把钥匙能开这个门。10attend出席，参加侍候，照应,与on/ upon 连用)attend the very sick patients 照应重病人（指医生护士的照料，常用attend）attend on / upon a very sick man处理、料理（+to）attend to the problem11beat连续击打,揍击败,战胜（比赛中）beat sb at the table tennis match规律性地拍击to beat a drum 击鼓The heart beats. My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。The bird beat its wings.鸟扑打翅膀。（用叉等）迅速，搅拌to beat eggs 打鸡蛋12beyond超出.超过表示范围, 限度1.除以外常用于否定句和疑问句ask for nothing beyond peace and quiet.除平安和平静外一无所求晚于.迟于.,到.以后Dont stay there beyond midnight.不要过了午夜还留在那儿。在向.的那边,在.之外The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。Just beyond the fence.就在篱笆那边13block(大)块；(大)片；街区1.阻塞; 堵住,阻挡（vt）The police have blocked the road.警察已封锁了道路。block out light阻挡光线2. 障碍物；阻塞(n)a block in the pipes 管道阻塞 to put up a road block 设置路障14book书预定；book sb in sth 为sb预定（旅馆房间等）Youll have to book early. The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.15build建造, 建筑体格；体型Were of the same build. 我们体型相同a man of strong build体格健壮的人16business商业, 买卖,交易, 生意,商店,商行He has a business in the town.他在城里有一家商店。run / operate/ manage a business营业in business;在经商营业 on business因事或因公出差职责；本分Its a teachers business to make children learn. 使学生学习是老师的责任。事情, 事物Mind your own business. Its none of your business.17capital首都, 首都的1.资本；资金；资方;The Smith Company has a capital of 30.000.史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。2.大写字母；大写的capital letters 大写字母 Write your name in capitals.18charge收费，索价(vt)费用(n)主管，负责1.指控(v /n)He was charged with stealing a car.（charge sb. with sth ; 类似于 accuse sb. of sth）a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控2.猛冲；攻击； The boy charged into the room.男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋3.充电, 装料The battery must be charged before use. 电池使用前必须充电。 19coin硬币1.造币；铸币The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces. coin gold.铸造金币2.创造（新单词或短语）Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody.不要生造谁也不懂的词语。3.coin （adj.）投币式的；自助式的a coin washing machine.投币洗衣机20collect收集1.收（租， 税，帐等）；募（捐）collect the electricity fee收取电费。collect taxes.收税collect (raise) money 募集资金2.领取(信件等)；接走（人.物）Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community.今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。3.使镇静；集中（思想等）The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited. 老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。collect ones emotions.镇定情绪collect oneself，镇定下来21company公司,1.陪伴.伴侣He kept me company.他陪伴我。in the company of在.陪同下I had no company on the journey.我在旅行中没有同伴。22contentn.内容,目录adj.满意的,1. 使满意或满足vt.Nothing contents her, she is always complaining.没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。He contented himself with one piece of cake.（他）吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足2.含量the content of silver in a ton of ore一吨矿砂中银的含量23corner角落, 拐角处,把难住；使走投无路The dog cornered the rat.狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。24count数数, 计算（count down倒计时）1.依靠，依赖(on)You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助2. 认为；视为；看作count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣3.有价值；重要； Every second counts.每一秒钟都很重要。You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要25cover盖子, 封面，覆盖1.占（时间或空间）The town covers 5 square miles.小镇占地5平方英里。2. 走完（一段路程）I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里3. 采访（事件）cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻4. 够付（费用）These expenses are covered by the state.这些费用都由国家负担。5.包括；包含；论及The review covered everything we learned last term.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。6.看完(多少页书)cover fifty pages in 15 minutes26crazy疯狂的；精神错乱的；蠢的着迷的；狂热的Shes crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。be crazy about over热衷于, 迷恋着补充：like crazy mad 口发疯似地; 拼命地; They were running around like crazy.他们拼命地跑着27date日期；追溯到；date back to / date from男女之间的)约会;约会的对象;have a date with sb./date with sb.和sb有个约会。She is my date.她跟我有约会。28develop发展, 形成，研制,开发冲洗(胶片，相片等)develop films /photos冲洗胶卷29draw画图吸引；拉；抽；不分胜负draw a curtain across a window 把窗帘拉上 draw a sword拔出剑draw water from the well从井中把水抽出来 draw a lesson吸取教训 draw 20dollars from the bank从银行提取20美元 draw a conclusion draw ones attention（to ）吸引注意力（到）The teams draw.两队不分胜负。The game ended in a draw.比赛不分胜负 (平局)30due与to 连用due to 因为；由于1.预定到达Their plane is due in 15 minutes.预期的他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达Your report is due tomorrow.你的报告应于明天交。2.（票据等）到期的，应付的a bill due today 今天应付款的帐单.When is the rent due? 房租应于何时支付？3.应有的，应得的，正当的give due consideration to 给予应有的考虑 This great deal of money is due to you.这一大笔款是你应得的。31employ雇用1.使采.利用employ force 使用武力Why didnt you employ the new method?你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢?She employs her time wisely.她善于利用时间。（employ.as把.用作）32enter进入;登录,计回车使进加入enter (oneselfsb.) for (替.)报名参加写下或输入We entered our names in the guest book.我们在来客姓名薄上写下姓名；enter the data into the computer.把数据输入电脑33equal平等的；相等的；等于（vt）1.胜任的John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处的工作。2.比得上(vt)None of us can equal her.没人比得上她。34exercise练习；锻炼（v / n）运用（权力等）(v / n)exercise ones right 运用自己的权利exercise ones intelligence to solve the problem。运用智慧解决问题35exploit剥削(v)开发, 开采exploit a mine开矿to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油利用(v)exploit every opportunity利用每一个机会36express表达, 表示1.快速的；快递的an express train。快车2.快车(= express train)； the No.12 special express to Beijing开往北京的12 次特快3.快速地；用快递advto send the parcel express 包裹寄快件EMS：express mail service 邮政特快专递服务37fair公平的（adj.）(肤色)白皙的, (头发)金黄的(天气)晴朗的fair skin.白皙的皮肤fair hair.金发fair skies.晴朗的天空集市；商品交易会village fair农村集市 trade fair商品交易会industrial fair工业博览会adv公平地；公正诚实地You must play fair.你必须公平比赛。38figure数字, 人像；画像;图；图表人物the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物领会, 懂得We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须弄明白如何解决这个问题。I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。(figure out算出；了解)推测, 估计I figure hell be back soon.我估计他很快会回来。foot脚；英尺步行Well foot it.我们将步行去。frequent频繁的与.时常交往I know him, but I dont frequent him much.我认识他, 但不常往来。39game比赛, 游戏,复运动会猎物,野味（不可数）Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的狮和象称为大猎物。40gift礼物,天赋, 才能He has a gift for poetry.他有做诗的天赋。a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人41grade等级；级别；年级1.成绩；分数He always got high grades in school.他在学校里总是得高分。2.分等，分级These apples have been graded according to size and quality.这些苹果已经按照大小和质量分了等级。42hold握着召开，举行;使身体保持某种姿势Hold yourself still.身体不要动。抑制；控制to hold ones breath 屏住气容纳；装The room can hold twenty people.这屋子可容下20个人。占据；坚守to hold a position 坚守阵地拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）hold an important position at the bank.在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。My husband and I hold different opinions on this matter. 对于这件事,我和丈夫持有不同的观点。保持；继续Hold the line, please. 请不要挂断电话机!Do you think the good weather can hold?你认为好天气能持续下去吗?认为，以为We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。拘留，扣留hold the suspect for questioning.拘留嫌疑犯以待审讯43land陆地; 土地，（使）登陆,（使）着陆；国家war between lands国与国之间的战争捕（鱼）抓住或钓上（鱼）land a big catfish.钓上一条大鲇鱼（口语）搞到，捞到，取得land a well-paid job; 找到一份收入很高的工作land a contract with a Japanese firm揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同44late迟的,晚(期)的(adj/ adv)1.已故的前任的the late doctor已故的医生 the late president前任总统the late government 上届政府his late wife 他已亡故的妻子2.新近的，最近的the late news 最近的新闻the late earthquake 最近的地震3.不久前.新近（adv）I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday.就在昨天我还看见过王先生。补充：1.of late近来feel better of late.最近感觉好多了2.latest（late的最高级）: 最后的.最新的 latest news 3.later (on) 以后.后来45last最后的，最末的; 紧接前面的；刚过去的(adj)最后（的人.东西）；最后，上次1.vi.持续; 耐久The festival lasted two days. 节日持续了两天。This cloth lasts well. 这种布很耐穿。2.够用.使得以维持（vt）The food will last us another week.食品够我们再吃一星期。3.最不可能的最不适当的，最不合适的the last person we would have suspected.我们最不可能怀疑的人the last man for the job.对这项工作最不合适的人46lead领导，引导，铅1.通往The path leads to the village.这条小路通到那村庄。2.导致（to）lead to the thief being caught3.在比赛中 领先After the first half of the race I was leading.跑了一半赛程后我领先了4.过（生活）He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。5.榜样,带头take the lead in everything47leave离开;留下，把（落）遗忘在某地；把交付（委托）给1.使处于某种状态leave the work undone丢下工作不干leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿leave him sad 使他伤心leave the raincoat hanging behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后 leave sb.in the dark 不让某人知道2.听任leave him there让他呆在那里吧。leave it as it is让它保持原样。3.准休假, 假期(不可数)ask for leave请假grant / give sb a leave准某人的假（此处冠词为特殊用法）48lift举起,.升高,提高; 英电梯;吊车1.免费搭乘，搭便车He gave me a lift to the station in his car.他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。2.窃取（尤指小件物品）；抄袭，从已发表的东西上剽取(观点.文章等)He was caught lifting make-up in the supermarket.Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.他的许多见解都是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。49line绳；线路;排，(n)；排队（v）运输公司an airline航空公司a shipping line 海运公司(pl) 台词spend the weekend learning her lines.利用周末熟记她的台词短信；便条Ill drop you a line.我会留个便条给你50lesson功课, (一节)课, pl.课程教训teach sb. a lesson给某人以教训earn ones lesson得到教训be a lesson to对.是一个教训51live生活, 居住,实况地, adj.活的live animals.活着的动物live shrimps活虾(live 表此意仅用于修饰动物.家禽.鱼等)。live broadcast 现场直播52major较大的，主要的,重要的美口主修, 专攻He majors in physics.他主修物理。专业学生He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生大学主修科目His major is history .他的主修科目是历史。53manner态度, 方法; 样子；(艺术.文学的)风格,pl.礼貌, 规矩Its good manners to do sth 做有礼Its bad manners to do sth. 做没礼Mind your manners.注意礼貌。54mass块；团；堆，大量1.群众the masses群众, 民众2.群众的, 大规模的mass education大众教育；mass production.大规模生产补充：a mass of = masses of）许多/大量55match比赛 ，火柴1. 匹配.匹敌（vi / vt）The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜不相配。These two are well matched in strength.他们俩势均力敌。2.对手;相配的人物You are no match for him.你不是他的对手。find meet ones match 遇到对手, 棋逢对手best match最佳匹配The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫与灰领带很相配。56matter事件, 问题1.物质(不可数)Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种状态存在: 固态.液态和气态。2.pl.事态,情况Thats how matters stand.目前情况就是这样。3.有问题的，（与the 连用）I have no idea what is the matter.There is nothing the matter with it.(the matter = wrong)4.有关系,要紧（vi）What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself.补充： as a matter of fact ; a matter of time57mean意思是；意味着; 意欲/想要；意指吝啬的；小气的;卑鄙的be mean with money花钱小气be mean about/ over在方面很小气a mean motive.卑鄙的动机（因能力.命运等）注定I believe he is meant to be a soldier.我相信他天生是要当军人的。用意(v)He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/ 恶意.关系重大;重要My friends mean a lot to me.我的朋友对我来说非常重要。方法.手段（means的单复数同形）Every means has been tried,All means have been tried.by means of .； by this / these means1.be meant to必须；得要You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。2.by all means当然；当然可以3.by no means绝不：By no means should this remark be taken lightly. 这次讲话绝不能等闲视之58measure尺寸, 量度的单位；量器;测量,1. 措施；办法They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。take measures to do sth / about sth2.斟酌, 权衡She works hard and doesnt measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。He measures his words with caution.他仔细斟酌着字The room measures five metres across.这房间有五米宽。be measured in feet用英尺量make sth to ones own measure 按某人自己的尺寸做。59monitor班长监控器; 计显示器air monitor空气监测器监控(v)monitor an examination监考monitor the enemys radio broadcasts监听敌方的电台广播60must必须肯定必需的东西；必须做的事warm clothes are a must in the mountains.住山里必须备有厚衣服。61nail指甲；钉,vt.将.钉牢He nailed the picture to the wall.把画钉在墙上。62narrow狭窄的；vi变窄vt.使变狭窄,勉强的；险胜的a narrow victory 险胜a narrow escape 死里逃生/侥幸逃脱63nature自然,自然界本性, 天性; 特性good nature好心肠, 好脾气human nature人性64note笔记；记录便条;纸币；音调；调子记下The pupil noted what the teacher said.学生记下了老师的话。注意(到)Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。名望, 显要a man of note有名望的人, 名人补充：noted adj.著名的compare notes交换意见; 对笔记； 65object物体, 目标,宾语, 对象反对(与to连用)strongly object to developing private cars.强烈反对发展私人小汽车。object to the proposal.反对这个提议。The general public objects to the use of drugs.大众反对使用毒品。66operate动手术, 开刀(operate on s