1、精选电大混凝土结构设计原理期末复习资料小抄 一、单项选择题1.下列关于钢筋混凝土结构的说法正确的是( )。 A. 钢筋混凝土结构自重大,有利于大跨度结构、高层建筑结构及抗震 B. 钢筋混凝土结构虽然抗裂恨不能较差,但在正常使用时通常是不允许带裂缝工作的 C. 钢筋混凝土结构隔热、隔声性能较好 D. 钢筋混凝土结构施工比较复杂,建造耗工较多,进行补强修复也比较困难2.可变荷载有四种代表值,其中( )为基本代表值,其余值可由它乘以相应的系数得到。 A. 标准值 B. 组合值C. 准永久值 D. 频遇值3.当结构或构件出现( )时,我们认为其超过了承载能力极限状态。A. 结构转变为机动体系,或构件挠
2、度超过允许的限值B. 结构转变为机动体系,或结构或构件丧失稳定C. 结构转变为机动体系,或构件裂缝宽度超过了允许的最大裂缝宽度D. 构件挠度超过允许的限值,或结构或构件丧失稳定4.钢筋混凝土梁的受拉区边缘达到( )时,受拉区开始出现裂缝。A. 混凝土实际的抗拉强度 B. 混凝土的抗拉强度标准值C. 混凝土的抗拉强度设计值 D. 混凝土弯曲时的极限拉应变5.有明显流幅的热轧钢筋,其屈服强度是以( )为依据的。 A. 比例极限 B. 强度极限C. 屈服上限 D. 屈服下限6.单筋矩形梁正截面承载力计算基本公式的适用条件是( )。 A. b和AsAs,min B. b和AsAs,min C. b 和
3、AsAs,min D. b 和AsAs,min7.双筋矩形截面梁正截面承载力计算基本公式的第二个适用条件x2a的物理意义是( )。 A. 防止出现超筋破坏 B. 防止出现少筋破坏C. 保证受压钢筋屈服 D. 保证受拉钢筋屈服8.受弯构件斜截面承载力计算公式是以( )为依据的。 A. 斜拉破坏 B. 斜弯破坏C. 斜压破坏 D. 剪压破坏9.为了保证受弯构件的斜截面受剪承载力,设计时通常不把梁的截面尺寸设计得过小,并且限制最大配筋率,用于防止( )发生。 A. 斜拉破坏 B. 斜弯破坏C. 斜压破坏 D. 剪压破坏10.偏心受压构件界限破坏时,( )。 A. 远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服比受压区混凝
4、土压碎早发生B. 远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服比受压区混凝土压碎晚发生C. 远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服与另一侧钢筋屈服同时发生D. 远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服与受压区混凝土压碎同时发生11.螺旋箍筋柱较普通箍筋柱承载力提高的原因是( )。 A. 螺旋筋使纵筋难以被压屈 B. 螺旋筋的存在增加了总的配筋率C. 螺旋筋约束了混凝土的横向变形 D. 螺旋筋的弹簧作用12.进行构件的裂缝宽度和变形验算的目的是( )。 A. 使构件满足正常使用极限状态要求B. 使构件能够在弹性阶段工作C. 使构件满足承载能力极限状态要求D. 使构件能够带裂缝工作13.正常使用极限状态设计主要是验算构件的变形和抗裂度或裂缝宽度,
5、计算中( )。A. 荷载采用其设计值,需乘分项系数,不考虑结构重要性系数B. 荷载采用其标准值,不需乘分项系数,不考虑结构重要性系数C. 荷载采用其设计值,需乘分项系数,考虑结构重要性系数D. 荷载采用其标准值,不需乘分项系数,考虑结构重要性系数14. 条件相同的钢筋混凝土轴拉构件和预应力混凝土轴拉构件相比较,( )。 A. 后者的承载力低于前者 B. 后者的抗裂度比前者好C. 前者与后者的抗裂度相同 D. 前者与后者的承载力和抗裂度均相同15. 计算偏心受压构件,当( )时构件确定属于大偏心受压构件。 A. b B. b C. ei 0.3h0 D. ei0.3h0 16. 对钢筋进行冷加工
6、的目的是( )。 A. 提高屈服强度 B. 增加钢材的塑性C. 提高钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度 D. 调直、除锈17. 为了保证结构的正常使用和耐久性,构件裂缝的控制等级有( )级。 A. 10个 B. 5个C. 3个 D. 2个18. 当适筋梁的受拉钢筋刚屈服时,梁正截面的承载能力( )。 A. 达到最大值 B. 接近最大值C. 离最大值还有一段距离 D. 开始下降19. 无腹筋简支梁主要通过下列哪种方式传力?( ) A. 纵筋的销栓力 B. 混凝土骨料的啮合力C. 混凝土与受拉钢筋形成的拱 D. 不能确定20. 大小偏压破坏的主要区别是( )。 A. 偏心距的大小 B. 受压一侧砼是否达到极限
7、压应变C. 截面破坏时受压钢筋是否屈服 D. 截面破坏时受拉钢筋是否屈服21. 梁斜截面破坏有多种形态,且均属脆性破坏,相比之下,脆性稍小一些的破坏形态是( ) A. 斜压破坏 B. 剪压破坏C. 斜拉破坏 D. 剪弯破坏22. 下列哪种状态应按正常使用极限状态设计?( )A. 结构作为刚体失去平衡B. 因过度的塑性变形而不适于继续承载C. 影响耐久性能的局部损坏D. 构件丧失稳定23. 钢筋和混凝土之间的粘结强度,( )。A. 当外部荷载大时,其粘结强度大B. 当钢筋进入混凝土中的长度长时,其粘结强度大C. 混凝土强度等级高时,其粘结强度大D. 钢筋级别低时,其粘结强度大24. 在设计双筋梁
8、、大偏压和大偏拉构件时,要求的条件是为了( )。A. 防止受压钢筋压屈B. 保证受压钢筋在构件破坏时能达到设计屈服强度C. 避免400N/mm2 D. 保证受拉钢筋屈服25. 验算钢筋混凝土受弯构件裂缝宽度和挠度的目的是( )。A. 使构件能够带裂缝工作B. 使构件满足正常使用极限状态的要求C. 使构件满足承载能力极限状态的要求D. 使构件能在弹性阶段工作26. 钢筋混凝土轴心受拉构件的平均裂缝间距与纵向钢筋直径及配筋率的关系是( )。A. 直径越大,平均裂缝间距越小B. 配筋率越大,平均裂缝间距越大C. 直径越小,平均裂缝间距越小D. 不能确定27. 在轴心受拉构件砼即将开裂的瞬间,钢筋应力
9、大致为( )。A. 400N/mm2 B. 310N/ mm2 C. 30N/ mm2 D. 210N/ mm228. 螺旋箍筋柱较普通箍筋柱承载力提高的原因是( )。A. 螺旋筋使纵筋难以被压屈B. 螺旋筋的存在增加了总的配筋率C. 螺旋筋约束了混凝土的横向变形D螺旋筋的弹簧作用29. 普通钢筋,即钢筋混凝土结构中的钢筋和预应力混凝土结构中的非预应力钢筋,宜采用HRB400级和HRB335级钢筋,也可采HPB235级钢筋和RRB400级钢筋,以( )钢筋作为主导钢筋。A. HPB235级 B. HRB335级C. HRB400级 D. HRB500级30. 由混凝土的应力应变曲线可见,随着混
10、凝土强度的提高,( ),因此延性越差。A. 上升段和峰值应变的变化不显著,下降段的坡度越缓B. 上升段和峰值应变的变化显著,下降段的坡度越缓C. 上升段和峰值应变的变化显著,下降段的坡度越陡D. 上升段和峰值应变的变化不显著,下降段的坡度越陡二、判断题1. 通常所说的混凝土结构是指素混凝土结构,而不是指钢筋混凝土结构。( )2. 钢筋混凝土结构对钢筋性能的要求有强度、塑性(或变形能力)、可焊性、温度要求及与混凝土的粘结力或称握裹力。 ( )3. 钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏的三种形式是斜压破坏,剪压破坏,斜拉破坏。( )4. 只存在结构承载能力的极限状态,结构的正常使用不存在极限状态。 ( )5.
11、剪跨比、混凝土强度、纵筋配筋率和截面尺寸都是影响无腹筋简支梁斜截面受剪承载力的主要因素。 ( )6. 为了保证受弯构件的斜截面受剪承载力,设计时通常采取配置一定数量的间距不太大的、满足最小配箍率的箍筋,以防止斜拉破坏发生。 ( )7. 素混凝土矩形截面受扭构件在纯扭矩作用下的破坏形式属脆性破坏。 ( )8. 大偏心受压破坏属脆性破坏,小偏心受压破坏属延性破坏。 ( )9. 轴心受拉构件破坏时,混凝土的拉裂与钢筋的受拉屈服同时发生。 ( )10. 对于预应力混凝土构件,先张法构件中的预应力是靠钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结力来传递的,后张法构件是靠锚具来传递和保持预加应力的。 ( )11. 钢筋混凝土结
12、构对钢筋性能的要求有强度、塑性(或变形能力)及与混凝土的粘结力或称握裹力。 ( )12. 正常使用极限状态的设计表达式,按不同的设计目的,分别考虑荷载的标准组合、荷载的准永久组合和荷载的频遇组合。 ( )13. 受弯构件斜截面受剪承载力计算公式是依据剪压破坏得到的,故其不适用于斜拉破坏和斜压破坏。 ( )14. 混凝土结构设计规范采用稳定系数表示长柱承载能力的降低程度,所以,为长柱的截面积与短柱的截面积之比。 ( )15.钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏的三种形式是斜压破坏,剪压破坏和斜拉破坏。( )16. 混凝土结构是以混凝土为主要材料的,并根据需要配置钢筋、预应筋、型钢等,组成承力构件的结构。 (
13、)17. 混凝土双向受压时强度比其单向受压时强度降低。 ( )18. 钢筋混凝土无腹筋梁发生斜拉破坏时,梁的抗剪强度取决于混凝土的抗拉强度剪压破坏也基本取决于混凝土的抗拉强度,而发生斜压破坏时,梁的抗剪强度取决于混凝土的抗压强度。 ( )19. 一般来说,设计使用年限长,设计基准期可能短一些;设计使用年限短,设计基准期可能长一些。 ( )20. 无腹筋承受集中力时,梁的剪切承载力随剪跨比的增大而增大。 ( )三、简答题1. 在荷载、温度、收缩等外界因素作用下,钢筋和混凝土这两种材料结合在一起能够共同工作,其主要原因在于?答:2. 根据配筋率不同,简述钢筋混凝土梁的三种破坏形式及其破坏特点?答:
14、3. 在受弯构件正截面承载力计算中,b的含义及其在计算中的作用各是什么?答:4. 作用在结构上的荷载,按作用时间的长短和性质分类,可分为哪三种?答:5. 什么情况下采用双筋截面梁?答:6. 建筑结构应该满足哪几项功能要求?答:7. 何谓钢筋混凝土梁的配筋率?随着配筋率不同,钢筋混凝土梁可能出现哪三种不同的破坏形态?答:8. 正截面承载力计算有哪些基本假定?答:9. 斜截面受剪承载力计算公式为什么要设置上限和下限(适用范围)?答: 控制上限,防止斜压破坏 控制下限,防止斜拉破坏10. 受压构件的一般构造要求包括哪几项?答: 1. 截面尺寸及形式 2. 材料的强度要求 3. 纵筋的构造要求 4.
15、箍筋的构造要求四、计算题1. 钢筋混凝土梁截面尺寸b=200mm,h=450mm,混凝土C25,钢筋采用HRB335级,环境类别为一类。梁承担的弯矩设计值M=180KNm。受拉钢筋较多,需布置再排,取h0=450-60=390mm。求:所顼的纵向受力钢筋As,A/s的值。已知:b=0.55 Mulmax=a1cb b(1-0.5 b) 解: Mulmax=111.92000.553902(1-0.50.55)=144.34600=144.35KN-m Mu2py180-144.35=35.65KN-m 2. 钢筋混凝土矩形截面简支梁,截面尺寸为200500mm2。该梁承受的最大剪力设计值为18
16、0KN(包括自重),混凝土强度等级为C25,箍筋为HRB335(yv=300N/ mm2),仅配箍筋6200。要求复核斜截面所能承受的剪力是否安全。已知:1=1.27N/ mm2, yv=300N/ mm2,h0=465 mmVu=0.7 tbh0+1.25 yv3. 已知矩形截面梁bh=255mm600mm,处于一类环境,已配置4根直径 22mmHRB400级纵向受拉钢筋(单排布置),混凝土强度等级为C25,试计算该梁所能承受的弯矩设计值。 已知:梁的保护层厚度c=25mm,HRB400级钢筋y=360N/mm2,C25级混凝土c=11.9N/ mm2,受拉钢筋截面积AS=1520mm2,a
17、1=1.0, 0.518 =b 4. 承受均布荷 载设计值q作用下的矩形截面简支梁,安全等级二级,处于一类环境,截面尺寸bh=200mm550mm,混凝土为C25级,箍筋采用HPB235级钢筋。梁净跨度n=5.0m。梁中已配有双肢8200箍筋,试求该梁在正常使用期间按斜截面承载力要求所能承担的荷载设计值q。 已知:A25混凝土t=1.27N/mm2,HPB235级钢筋的yv=210N/mm2,h0=515mm, 解:混凝土结构设计原理期末复习资料参考答案一、单项选择题1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6.A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13
18、. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. C二、判断题1.() 2.() 3.() 4.() 5.()6.() 7.() 8.() 9.() 10.()11.() 12.() 13.() 14.( ) 15.()16. () 17.() 18.() 19.() 20.()三、简答题1. 答: 1. 两者有相近的线膨胀系数 2. 混凝土硬化后,两者之间产生良好的粘结力。2. 答: 1.当配筋率小于最小配筋率min时,为少筋梁梁产生脆
19、性破坏。 2. 当配筋率大于最大配筋max时,为超筋梁梁产生脆性破坏。 3. 当配筋率在minmax时,为适筋梁梁产生延性破坏。3. 答: b称相对界限受压区高度b。 当混凝土的相对受压区高度=大于b时 梁为超筋梁,当b时,为适筋梁。4. 答: 恒载 可变荷载 偶然荷载5. 答: 当接单筋截面梁设计时,若给定的弯矩设计值过大,截面设计不能满足适筋梁的适用条件(xbh0),且由于使用要求截面高度受到限制不能增大,同时混凝土等级因条件限制不能再提高,则可采用双筋截面梁,以铺完混凝土受压力不足。6. 答: 安全性 适用性 耐久性7. 答: 配筋率等于纵向受力筋面As队以梁的有效面积h0b。当实际配筋
20、率minmax为适筋梁,延性破坏。当min为少筋梁,脆性破坏。当max为超筋梁,脆性破坏。8. 答: 1. 构件正截面在弯曲变形后依然保持平面。即平面假定。 2. 不考虑受拉区混凝土的抗拉强度。 3. 混凝土的应力应变曲线,按文件规定。9. 答: 控制上限,防止斜压破坏 控制下限,防止斜拉破坏10. 答: 1. 截面尺寸及形式 2. 材料的强度要求 3. 纵筋的构造要求 4. 箍筋的构造要求四、计算题 1. 解: Mulmax=111.92000.553902(1-0.50.55)=144.34600=144.35KN-m Mu2py180-144.35=35.65KN-m 2. 解: =82
21、677+49278=131955N=131.96KN180KN(不安全)3. 解: 1. 验算梁是否会超筋 H0=600-35=565mm2 Xxb不会超筋 2. 验算梁是否会少筋 或 3. 计算M u =257.5(KN-m)4. 解: =91.567+67.99=159.6(KN) 请您删除一下内容,O(_)O谢谢!2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time
22、, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容,O(_)O谢谢!National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream
23、 about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing trans
24、port and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in
25、China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that ever
26、yone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mong
27、olia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan.
28、 Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpi
29、ne snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, he
30、aven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many touris
31、ts as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the
32、once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while t
33、he larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland onl
34、y exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic trag
35、edy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder bro
36、ther and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on
37、earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity
38、 in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The
39、 magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as m
40、agpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Ha
41、n Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a specia
42、l day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, i
43、t proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many mode