备战中考丨第十一讲时态.doc

备战中考丨第十一讲—时态

一般现在时
1.用法
1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。　
I often go to school at 7 o'clock every morning.
2）表示普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth goes around the sun.　
3）表示现在时刻的状态、能力、个性或爱好。
He likes playing football very much.
2.判定标志
频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes，hardly （ever），never
时间状语：every day, on Sundays, at weekends, at times
3.注意事项

1. 动词单三,即主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要改变形式。
(1)普通名词加s，如come—comes
(2)以辅音字母加y结尾的去y变ies，如study—studies
(3)以o结尾，加es，如go—goes
2. 主将从现,即主句是一般将来时，祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，时间状语或条件状语从句要用一般现在时表将来。
We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow.
3. 不变真理,即当宾语从句是普遍真理或客观事实时，无论主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
现在进行时
1.用法
1）表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
Now we are doing our homework.
2）表示现阶段长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is teaching us English this term.
3）某些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin等。
We are leaving for Jinzhou tomorrow.
4）与always连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。
My sister is always forgetting things. 
(表示埋怨)
Linda is always helping others.
(表示赞扬)
2.判定标志
1）时间状语：now,at this moment,at present
2）前面有祈使句提示,如Look! /Listen! / Be quiet！等。
3.注意事项
1）某些动词的现在进行时可表将要发生的事情，主要用于一些位移动词。
如：come, go, leave, start, arrive等。
例：She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
2）一些祈使句后经常使用现在进行时，需要具体分析语境。
例：Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
现在完成时
1.用法
1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have finished my homework. 
(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成。)
2）表示在过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续下去。
She has been here for three years.
(三年前开始在这里，一直呆到现在, 也可能继续留在这里。)
2.判定标志
1）副词：already, yet, just, ever, never
2)时间状语：before,recently,lately,so far,up to now,since+时间点,for+时间段,in the past few years
3.注意事项
1)非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。
但能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词,常用的有下面这些词：
die → be dead 
begin → be on   
borrow → keep 
go out → be out  　            
open → be open　　　        
close →be closed　　
go there → be there
finish, end → be over
leave, move → be away
arrive, come → be here           
catch a cold → have a cold
has gone to → has been in
get married  → be married  　
fall asleep/ill → be asleep/ill
join → be in /be a member of …
2)since + 时间点 ， for + 时间段
since还可以引导 一般过去时的时间状语从句。
一般将来时
1.用法
1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态或表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
I will watch a new movie tomorrow.
2）be going to do 常用于表示约定计划，安排要发生的事，有时也可用be + 不定式或be about+不定式表示。
We are going to have a trip this summer vacation.

2.判定标志
时间状语：tomorrow,soon,next Monday,next year,next weekend,this afternoon,this evening,in+时间段
3.注意事项
1)be going to do与 will/shall do 的区别：be going to do 强调预先安排计划好要发生的事。
We are going to have a baseball game tomorrow morning.
2)与there be 句型的连用。
There will be/is going to be a football game tomorrow.
3)in+时间段,表示多久之后,常与一般将来时连用。
He will watch the basketball game in two days.
(两天后他要去看篮球赛)
一般过去时
1．用法
1）表示过去某个时候所发生的动作或存在的状态。
I went to the movies just now.
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3）用于谈论或评价已故的人。
Lu Xun was a great Chinese writer.
2.判定标志
1）时间状语：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in+过去的年份，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)，last night (week, month, year…), …ago，　just now, at the age of…, once upon a time
2）when 引导的表过去的时间状语从句。
3.注意事项
1）与现在完成时的区别：当与过去具体时间连用，或对某事发生的具体时间地点进行提问时，多用一般过去时。
When did you finish your homework?
He finished his homework last night.
2)要根据上下文语境推测。
He said goodbye to his mom and went to school.
过去进行时
1.用法：
1）过去某时刻正在进行的动作。
He was playing computer games when his father came home.

2）过去某时段正在进行的动作。
He was doing his homework while his mother was cooking.
2.判定标志
1）表示过去的时间状语：（just）then ，at this/that time，at nine last night ，（at）this time yesterday（last night…）.
2）常与when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句或与while从句连用。
3.注意事项
1)有时在句中没有表示时间的状语，但可以通过上下文来确定使用过去进行时。
—I called you at about 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, but you didn’t answer.
—I was playing football.
2)表示两个动作同时进行，或在一个持续性动作发生期间，常用while。
My father was watching TV while my mother was cooking.
The teacher came in while I was talking with my friends.
典型例题
【考点一】一般现在时表将来
1．If the phone _____, can you answer it? （2015 济南）
A. rings       B. is ringing   
C. will ring   D. rang
【考点二】一般过去时的使用
2. After Steven sent some e-mails, he _____ surfing the Internet. (2014 杭州)
A. starts        B. has started   
C. will start   D. started
【考点三】现在进行时的使用
3.—Are your parents at home, Jane?
—No, they _____ a walk in the park.(2015 济南)
A. took       B. take   
C. taking    D. are taking
【考点四】现在完成时延续性动词与段时间连用
4．His grandma has ______for 5 years.(2014 衡阳)
A. died             B. been died   
C. been dead   D. dead
错题整理

秘诀一： 当没有标志词时，我们应由语境推测出时态，这种方法经常应用于过去进行时。
1.—I called you at 7:00 p.m. yesterday， but you weren’t in. Where were you?
—I _____ a movie at the cinema with my friend.   (2012 营口)
A. watched         B. is watching 
C. have watched    D. was watching.

秘诀二：注意一般过去时与现在完成时的区别。
2.—Where is your father?
—He _____Beijing. He _____there last month. (2014 巴中)
A. has gone to,   went    B. has been to, went
C. has gone to, has gone   D. has been to, has gone

秘诀三：注意在现在完成时中since 的用法。
3.—Have you known Bob for years?
—Yes, since he ____to China.（2015 鞍山模拟）
A. comes    B. came    C. is coming  D. has gone

秘诀四：牢记一般将来时与there be 句型的连用方法。
4.There ______a party next month. Would you like to go with me? （2014 齐齐哈尔）
A. will have                  B. is going to be
C. is going to have          D. will be have