七年级上下册短语、知识点归纳.docx

Unit11. Hello, Eli. Good morning. 嗨，爱丽。早上好。英文中常用的问候语及其回答：Hello. Hello.Hi. Hi.Good morning. Good morning.Good afternoon. Good afternoon.Good evening. Good evening.Good night. Good night.How do you do? How do you do?How are you? Fine, thank you.【高分突破】注意对 “How do you do?” 和 “How are you?” 两句话的回答不要弄混淆。2. 1. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？1) 对姓名的几种提问及回答：Whats your name? = May I have/know your name?My name is = Im 2) 姓氏：family name / last name 名： given name/ first name 全名：full name 3) 中文名字的习惯：family name / last name given name/ first name 英文名字的习惯： given name/ first name family name / last name【高分突破】在交际英语中应注意由于中英文名字的区别所造成的对人物的称呼也不同，例如：Zhang Xiaoli: Miss Zhang/ Xiaoli () Zhang/ Miss Xiaoli () Dave Green: Mr. Green/ Dave () Green/ Mr. Dave ()3. Nice to meet you! 很高兴认识你！对表示见到某人很高兴的几种表达：Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you,too.=(Im) Happy/ Glad/ Pleased to meet you.【高分突破】注意形容词与主语的搭配：Im nice to meet you. （）Its happy/ glad/ pleased to meet you. （）4. Whats this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？1) 同义句：Whats the English for this?2) 用什么语言，介词用 “in + 语言”. 例如：in English 用英语 in Chinese用汉语 in Japanese用日语 in your own words 用自己的语言【高分突破】用钢笔：in ink = in pen = with a pen5. What color is this Z? 这个字目Z是什么颜色？1) 对颜色提问的两种方法：What color is/are ? = Whats the color of ? 例如：What color is your pen? = Whats the color of your pen ?2) color v. 着色color sth. + 颜色, 例如：I want to color it red.【高分突破】1）对名词（复数）的颜色提问时，不能用what colors，例如： What color are these cups? () What colors are these cups? ()2) color是可数名词，例如： I dont like these colors.Unit21. Is this your dictionary? 这是你的字典吗？回答：Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Is this/that .? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. ()Yes, this/that is. / No, this/that isnt. ()例如：Is that your brothers backpack? Yes, it is.【高分突破】Is this/that + 人?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. ()Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isnt. ()2. Call John at 495-3539. 给约翰打电话495-3539。call v. 打电话1) 单独使用“打电话”, 例如： Please call this evening.2）call + sb.“给某人打电话”, 例如：Please call Bob this evening.3) call + 电话号码“拨打某一电话号码”, 例如：Please call 2377485 now.4) call + sb. + at + 电话号码“给某人打电话”, 例如：Please call my teacher at 65774839.3. Thanks for the great photo of your family. 感谢你的全家福照片。1) 感谢你。Thanks. = Thank you. ()Thank. () Thanks you. ()2) Thanks for + sth./doing sth. 为而感谢你。例如： Thanks for your help. =Thanks for helping me.3) the photo of your family =your family photo4. Here is my family photo. 这是我的全家福照片。1)倒装句式：Here谓语主语（名词）Here is your letter.Here主语（代词）谓语Here you are.2)This is . .的句型也表示“这是。”但通常用于介绍；而“Here is. .”常用于把某物给说话的对象。【人称代词】1) 表示“我”、“你”、“他（她、它）”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词叫做人称代词。2) 变化形式 单数复数一二三一二三我你他 她 它我们你们他们主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey宾格meyouhim her itusyouthem3) 用法 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。例如： He comes from Brazil. 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语。例如：Let her play the piano for you.【高分突破】1) 当几个代词同时作主语时，其顺序一般是：单数：you, he and I 复数：we, you and they.例如： You, he and I are in the same school now. We, you and they must come here on time.2).表示国家、大地、船只、月亮等名词常用she来替代（sun则常用he）。例如： China is my motherland. She isnt what she used to be. Unit41. where 的用法Where是特殊疑问词，意思是“在哪里，在哪”，对具体位置进行提问其句型是：where + be 动词 + 主语？回答： 主语 + be 动词 + 表示地点方位的介词 + 名词。Eg: where is my hat ? It is oninunder the desk.Where are her books? They are in the bag.2.itthey 代指上文提到过的名词，可以用来回答where的句型，单数用it，复数用are.3.地点方位介词 in， on, under ，等用法In 表示在里面，反义词为 out of ;On 表示在上面（与物体表面有接触），Under是在下面，可以与物体无接触。4. Please take these things to your brother. 请把这些东西带给你弟弟。take, bring,的区别：1） take “带走”，从近处带到远处，take sth to 例如： Please take these books to your home after school.2） bring “带来”，从远处带来，bring sth to例如： Please bring me some video cassettes.5. I need my hat, my ID card, my notebook and my pencils. 我需要我的帽子，身份证，笔记本和铅笔。need v. 需要1) need sth./sb. “需要” 例如：She really needs these video cassettes.2) need to do sth. “需要做” 例如：I need to listen to some relaxing music.6.情态动词can 的用法Can 是能够，会的意思，为情态动词。英语中有许多情态动词，如may, must, can, will 等，情态动词是动词的一种，但是不能单独作谓语，只能后加动词原形一起构成谓语; 主语不分人称和数的变化。肯定句：主语+ can + 动词原形 + 其他。否定句：主语 + can +not (cant) + 动词原形 + 其他。疑问句：can + 主语 +动词原形 + 其他？ 回答：yes, 主语 + can . No, 主语 + cant.eg: she can spell it. She cant speak English. Can you spell this , please? Yes, I can. no, I cant. 【物主代词】1) 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。2) 变化形式 单数复数一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性的物主代词myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性的物主代词mineyourshis hers itsoursyourtheirs注意：形容词性物主代词后面必加名词，不能单独用 名词性物主代词不能加名词Unit51、重点句型: Do you have a TV? Yes, I do. /No. I dont.Do they have a computer? Yes, they do. /No, they dont.Does he/she have a soccer ball? Yes, he/she does. /No, he/she doesntLets play soccer. I dont have a soccer ball. /That sounds good.2.语法重点：由do/does引导的一般疑问句的构成以及回答 Do you/they have a TV ? Yes, I/they do. No, I/they dontDoes he/she have a soccer ball? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesnt【问题探究与拓展活动】 动词的第三人称单数形式：当句子的主语是“第三人称单数”时，即：不是I，不是you的其它单数形式时，谓语动词必须改变形式，也就是在词尾加一s或 一es (同名词的复数形式)，我们可以简称为“三单形式”。有些动词的变化是特殊的，如：have的三单形式是has。在构成否定句时。要在动词前加助动词dont或doesnt；在构成疑问句时，则要在主语前加上助动词do或does，doesdoesnt是dodont的三单形式。助动词后应该用动词的原形。3.学习使用描述性形容词：interesting，boring，fun，difficult，relaxing复习dodoes引导的一般疑问句和lets句型；复习名词的复数构成与使用。4. Lets祈使句的构成和用法：基本构成是Let sb. do sth，意思是“让某人做某事”，表示“征求意见或提出建议”。如：Lets play basketball让我们打篮球吧。Its time for classLets go to the classroom上课了，让我们去教室吧。5.every day与everyday：every day为名词短语，作时间状语，意思是“每天；天天”；everyday是形容词，意思是“每天的；日常的”。如：She plays sports every day她每天都运动。I speak everyday English every day我每天都说日常交际英语。6. Ed Smith has a great sports collection. Ed Smith有丰富的体育用品收藏。名词修饰名词：一般情况下变复数时，只有被修饰的名词变为复数形式，例如：apple tree apple treestoy train toy trainsshoe shop shoe shops如果修饰词为man, woman则两个名词都要变为复数形式，例如：woman doctor women doctorsman teacher men teachers【高分突破】1) 有的名词常以复数形式出现， 例如：clothes shop clothes shopssports center sports centers2) 丰富的钢笔收藏：a great/big pen collection 少的钢笔收藏： a small pen collection7. He only watches them on TV. 他只在电视上观看它们。1) 看：watch, see, look, readwatch TV/ a movie/ a football game/ a match/ the news reportssee a movie/ an old friendlook at the picture/ that funny boyread the newspaper/ a map/ the menu/ an interesting story2) on TV 在电视上 on the phone 在电话里 on the computer 在电脑上 on the screen 在屏幕上8. have （1）有；单三形式 has eg: she has many books. (2) 吃； she likes having bread.9. many + 可数名词复数形式； much+ 不可数名词Unit61. Do you like bananas? 你喜欢香蕉吗？1) like v. like sth. / sb. 喜欢 like to do sth. 想做 like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做like doing sth. 喜欢做2) like prep. be like 像look/sound like 看/听起来像【高分突破】1) like doing sth. 喜欢做（长期的喜好，习惯） like to do sth. 想做(短期的具体的某一次活动) = want to do 2) What does your father like? 你父亲喜欢什么？ What is your father like? 你父亲长得什么样？2. Runner eats well. 跑步选手吃得好。1） 构词法：在动词后面加-er或-or,将动词变为名词，意思是“做的人”直接加：cleancleaner sing-singer paint-painter wait-waiter report-reporter work-worker teach-teacher speak-speakeract-actor visit-visitor 只加-r: dance-dancer write-writer drive-driver双写尾字母：run-runner swim-swimmer shop-shopper【高分突破】1) cook v.烹调 cook n.厨师 cooker n.厨房用具2) 跑步明星： running star () runner star ()3.a lot of = lots of 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 Jim drank a lot of/lots of beer.I have a lot of/lots of things to do.4.For breakfast, she likes eggs, bananas and apples.早饭她喜欢吃鸡蛋，香蕉和苹果。1) for 就而言2) have/eat + 三餐 “吃早/中/晚饭” 例如： I usually have lunch at home.have/eat + a + adj. + 三餐 “吃怎样的早/中/晚饭” 例如：have a rich/ big/quick/breakfast 吃了顿丰盛的/迅速的早餐5.可数名词与不可数名词可数名词：(1)定义：是可以计数的名词；(2)可数名词单数前面可以用a，an，the，one或物主代词限定；(3)可数名词有复数形式；(4)可数名词复数形式前面可用the，two，three，some或物主代词限定。不可数名词：(1)定义：是指不能计数的名词；(2)不可数名词前面不可以用a，an限定，但可用the，some限定；(3)不可数名词前面不可以用one，two，three等限定；(4) 不可数名词没有复数形式。6. 一般名词的复数形式构成法读音例词一般情况在单数形式词尾加-s清辅音后发s浊辅音和元音后发zbook books egg eggs 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词后加-es读作izbus buses box - boxes watch watches以e结尾的词在后加-s读作izhorse horses以辅音字母y结尾的词变y为i再加-es读作zdictionary-dictionariesdocumentary-documentaries以元音字母y结尾的词直接在后加-s读作zboy boys key keys以f, fe结尾的词变f, fe为v加-es读作vzleaf leaves wife wivesthief thieves以o结尾的词在后加-es读作zpotato potatoesUnit71. How much are these pants? 这裤子多少钱？对价格提问：How much is/are? = Whats the price of ?例如： How much is this sweater? = Whats the price of this sweater?对不可数名词的量提问：How much +不可数名词?How much water do you want?2 at a very good price.以优惠的价格出售。以怎样的价格： at a . price以优惠的高的低廉的价格： at a good/ high/ low priceEg: I buy a pair of shoes at a good price.This sweater is on sale at a high price.【高分突破】price和high、good、low等词搭配使用。things(东西)和expensive、dear、cheap等词搭配使用。例如：The price of this coat is high. = This coat is expensive.The price of my trousers is low. = My trousers are cheap.容易犯的错：The price of these pants is expensive.My glasses are low (price).3. We have T-shirts in red, green and black. 我们出售红色，绿色和黑色的T恤衫。同义句：We have red T-shirts, green T-shirts and white T-shirts.n.+ in + 颜色 颜色n. 例如：She has a new orange jacket. = She has a new jacket in orange.n. + in all colors 各种颜色的 例如：各种颜色的毛衣： the sweaters in all colors4. We have black and blue hats for $15. 我们以15美元出售黑蓝色的帽子。1) 同义句：We sell black and blue hats at the price of $15. for + 价钱 = at the price of + 价钱 以（具体的）价格2) buy sth. for + 价钱 以（具体的）价格买了什么 buy sth. for + sb. 给某人买了什么I bought a pair of red socks for $3. I bought a pair of red socks for my daughter.5.each与every的异同：each与every都可以作形容词用，意思是“每个的；每一的”，一般可以互换，后跟单数可数名词；但each还可以用作代词，单独使用或跟of短语，而every则没有这种用法。如：EachEvery student has a hat每一名学生都有一顶帽子。We have a hat each我们每一个人都有一顶帽子。Each of them has a hat他们每一个人都有一顶帽子。 6. buy与sell的异同：buy的意思是“买”，常用于buy something from(从买某物)；sell意思是“卖”，常用于sell something to(把某物卖给)。如：I buy a basketball from the store我从商店里买了一个篮球。He sells the tennis racket to me他把那只网球拍卖给了我。7. Huaxing Clothing Store Sale! 华兴服装店大减价！1) sale n. 出售2) great sale 大减价at great sale 在大减价期间come and buy some clothes for you at great sale.3) on sale 正在出售Look! The cute toy bears are on sale!4) for sale 待售This house is for sale!【高分突破】sell v. 卖 sell sth. to sb. 把什么卖给某人8.袜子、裤子和鞋子的表达方式：在英语中，袜子、裤子和鞋子都用复数形式来表示，但是在表达一双袜子、鞋子或一条裤子时，可运用a pair of(一双；一件；一条)词组，当这个短语做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The white socksshoespants are$50 I want a pair of socksshoespantsThe pair of socksshoespants is very cheapUnit81. When is your birthday? I was born in 1992. 我生于1992年。1.when 特殊疑问词，“什么时候”，就时间进行提问，what time 也对时间进行提问，但回答时应用具体时刻来回答。二者有时候可以互换使用。Eg: WhenWhat time do you get up? I usually get up at 6 am. When is your birthday? (不能说成What time is your birthday?)on, in, at与时间状语连用：1） on + 具体某一天 / 具体某一天的早、中、晚 / 怎样的早、中、晚 例如：on a day on Sunday on January 2nd on the morning of October 1st on Monday evening on a spring afternoon on a warm morning2） in + 时间段 例如： in the morning / afternoon / evening in a year/ season/ month/ April/ week3） at + 几点， 固定用法 例如： at 8:00 at noon/ night 【高分突破】如果时间状语前面有这些词：this, that, next, last, tomorrow, yesterday, every等，则不用介词。例如： See you next term. Did you have a good time last week?2. How old are you? Im fifteen. 你多大了？我十五岁。对年龄的提问：How old are you?其回答：Im +基数词 (years old).【高分突破】1) 表达年龄的几个同义句：Tom is 15.=Tom is 15 years old.=Tom is a 15-year-old boy.=Tom is a boy of 15.基数词-year-old通常只用作定语，其中year用名词单数形式 eg : an 8-year-old boy3.月份的缩写一般的情况下，月份的名称可以用前三个字母来缩写 JanuaryJanFebruaryFebMarchMarAprilAprMayMay. JuneJun. JulyJul. AugustAugSeptember-SepOctober-0ctNovember-NovDecember-Dec【语法精讲数词】数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词表示人或事物的数量，序数词表示人或事物的次序。1) 基数词的表达法： 112的基数词是独立的单词。 1319的基数词均以-teen结尾，注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 2090的整十位数均以-ty结尾，注意twenty, thirty, forty, fifty2) 序数词的表达法： 序数词基数词th（第1,第2,第3为first, second, third）,但要注意： fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth的拼写。 以ty结尾的基数词变词尾为tie再加th。 几十几以上的基数词变序数词时只有个位数变为序数词。2 数词的应用：1) 表示时钟，例如：seven oclock, eight fifty2) 表示编号，例如：Unit One = the first unit Bus 107 = the number 107 bus3) 表示年月，例如： July 27, 20054) 分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母用复数，例如： 1/3: one third 4/5: four fifths名词所有格(s所有格)的构成和使用,意思是表示“的”。在使用“名词所有格”形式时，容易犯错误或混淆的主要是：将这种-s构成形式与is的缩写形式混淆，如：My fathers names Jin【注意】名词所有格的后面一般应接名词；勿将这种-s结构盲目套用与人称代词上，代替物主代词使用，如Hes fathers name is Li Cheng。复数名词所有格形式的结构-，如：the students bikes。Unit91. Do you want to go to a movie? 你想去看电影吗？看电影的表达形式：go to see/watch a moviego to see/watch moviesgo to the cinema/ movie house2. Young people usually go to movies on weekends.在周末年轻人通常去看电影。在周末：on/at weekends on/at the weekend3. Its a very successful movie. 这是一部很成功的电影。1) successful adj.成功的 常用短语：be successful in doing sth. 成功的做了什么 例如：He was successful in playing the trumpet in the concert.2) n. success v. succeed 4. I think its exciting. 我认为这非常精彩。1) 几组易混淆意思的形容词：excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的tired 感到疲倦的 tiring 令人疲倦的 bored 感到无聊的 boring 令人无聊的interested 感兴趣的 interesting 令人感兴趣的relaxed 感到放松的 relaxing 令人放松的surprised 感到惊讶的 surprised 令人惊讶的2) think + 从句I think I lost my purse on my way home.高分突破：注意think的否定转移。I dont think I lost my purse on my way home. ()I think I didnt lose my purse on my way home. ()5. Jack likes Michelle Yan best. Jack最喜欢Michelle Yan。同义句：Jacks favorite movie star is Michelle Yan.like . best = favorite favorite adj. 最喜欢的n. 最喜欢的可数名词）例如： This book is my favorite.These books are my favorites.6. He likes her famous movie. 他喜欢她著名的电影。famous = well-known adj. 著名的1) be famous for sth. 因为而出名, 例如：Hollywood is famous for the movies and the movie stars.2) be famous to sb. 对来说很出名，例如：Jay Zhou is famous to the young people.3) be famous as . 作为而出名，例如：Michael is famous as a reporter.7. Jack also likes Beijing Opera. Jack也喜欢京剧。too, also和either的区别：1) too用于句末 例如： Tom is from America. Lucy is from America, too.2) also用于句中（be动词后，行为动词前）例如： Tom is from America. Lucy is also from America.2) either用于否定句中 例如： Tom isnt from America. Lucy isnt from America, either.8.