雅思小作文柱图表图写作(课堂PPT).ppt

IELTS WRITING Task1CHERYLXIAMEN NEWORIENTAL SCHOOLIELTS INTERNATIONAL LEARNING CENTRE 1各种图各种写各种图各种写2Language for comparisons3Language for comparisonsmore thanThere are more boys than girls in class A.Class A has fewer girls than boys.fewer than4Language for comparisonsthe number ofThe number of boys is larger/greater/higher than that of girls in class A.5Language for comparisonsthe percentage ofThe percentage of boys is larger/greater/higher than that of girls in class A(67%and 33%,respectively).6Language for comparisonsoutnumberBoys outnumber girls in class A.exceedThe number of boys exceeds that of girls in class A.7The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.8P1The bar graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.9P2The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20%in 1960 to about 26%in 1980,but then fell back to about 23%in 2000.Use of the tube was relatively stable,falling from 27%of commuters in 1960 to 22%in 1980,but climbing back to reach 25%by 2000.10P3On the other hand,the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5%in 1960 to 23%in 1980,reaching almost 40%by 2000,whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960,falling from just under 35%in 1960 to 27%in 1980 and only 15%in 2000.11P4The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.12The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.1319601980200014In 1960,bus was the most popular type of transportation mode,having 40%commuters，which was followed by tube,train and car at 27%,18%and 6%respectively.Twenty years later,the biggest percentage went to train at 28%.Interestingly,people use car and tube shared the same proportion(about 22 percent).At the end of 21st century,car became the most popular choice,which meant 37%people would catch a cab when they chose to work from work.15nThechartsbelowshowthemainreasonsforstudyamongstudentsofdifferentagegroupsandtheamountofsupporttheyreceivedfromemployers.16nThefirstgraphshowsthatthereisagradualdecreaseinstudyforcareerreasonswithage.Nearly80%ofstudentsunder26years,studyfortheircareer.Thispercentagegraduallydeclinesby10-20%everydecade.Only40%of40-49yroldsand18%ofover49yroldsstudyingforcareerreasonsinlateadulthood.Conversely,thefirstgraphalsoshowsthatstudystemmingfrominterestincreaseswithage.Thereareonly10%ofunder26yroldsstudyingoutofinterest.Thepercentageincreasesslowlytillthebeginningofthefourthdecade,andincreasesdramaticallyinlateadulthood.Nearlysamenumberof40-49yroldsstudyforcareerandinterest.However70%ofover49yroldsstudyforinterestincomparisonto18%studyingforcareerreasonsinthatagegroup.Thesecondgraphshowsthatemployersupportismaximum(approximately60%)fortheunder26yrstudents.Itdropsrapidlyto32%uptothethirddecadeoflife,andthenincreasesinlateadulthooduptoabout44%.Itisunclearwhetheremployersupportisonlyforcareer-focusedstudy,butthehighestlevelisforthosestudentswhomainlystudyforcareerpurposes.17nThechartshowsthenumberofmobilephonesandlandlinesper100peopleinselectedcountries.18nThegraphshowsthenumberofmobilephonesandlandlinesper100users,forselectedcountries.Overall,mostofthecountriesincludedinthegraphhavemoremobilephonessubscribersthanlandlines.MostEuropeancountrieshavehighmobilephoneuse.ThebiggestusersofmobilephonesaretheItalians,with88cellphonesper100people.Forexample,Italyhastwiceasmanymobilephonesaslandlines,with88mobilesperhundredpeoplecomparedto45forlandlines.MobilephoneuseislowinCanada,withfewerthan40phonesper100people.Denmarkisalsounusualbecauseithasslightlymorelandlinesthanmobilephones.However,insomecountries,thenumberoflandlinesishigherthanthenumberofmobilephones.OneexampleistheUSA,wherethenumberofmobiles,at50per100people,ismuchlowerthanthenumberoflandlines,atalmost70perhundred.AsimilarpatterncanbeseeninCanada.ThehighestnumberoflandlinesinthegraphisinDenmark,withabout90per100people.Incontrast,thelowestfiguresforfixedlinesareinItalyandtheUK.Inconclusion,itseemsthatmobilephoneuseishigherinEuropethaninNorthAmerica.19nThechartbelowshowstheamountspentonsixconsumergoodsinfourEuropeancountries.20nThechartshowsthatBritain,amongthefourEuropeancountrieslisted,hasspentmostheavilyontherangeofconsumergoodsincluded.Ineverycase,Britishspendingisconsiderablyhigherthanthatofothercountries;onlyinthecaseoftennisracquetsdoesanothercountry,Italy,comeclose.Incontrast,Germanyisgenerallythelowestspender.ThisIsmostevidentinphotographicfilm,whereGermanyspendsmuchlessthanBritain.Germanyonlyspendsmorethananothercountry,France,intwocases;tennisracquetsandperfumes.Meanwhile,FranceandItalygenerallymaintainmiddlepositions,averagingapproximatelysimilarspendingoverall.Specifically,FrancespendsmoreonCDsandphotographicfilmbutlessontennisracquetsthanItalydoes.ItalysspendingonpersonalstereosisonlymarginallygreaterthanthatofFrance,whilespendingontoysisequalbetweenthetwo.ItisclearfromthedatagiventhattherearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabitswithinEurope.21nThetablebelowshowsCO2emissionsfordifferentformsoftransportintheEuropeanUnion.22nThechartshowsCO2emissionsperpassengerkilometreforvariousmethodsoftransportintheEuropeanUnionwhilethepiechartshowsEuropeanUnionspendingontransport.FlyingbyairproducesbyfarthegreatestCO2emissions,approximatelythreetimesasmuchaspassengercarswhicharethenextlargestproducers.VerylittleisspentbytheEUonairtravelwhileroadsmakeupmorethanhalfoftheEUtransportbudget.TrainsproduceaboutthreetimeslessCO2emissionsperpassengerkilometrethanpassengercarsandeighttimeslessthanairtravel.NearlyathirdofEUtransportfundsarespentonrailways.ShipsareacleanformoftransportandproduceaboutthesameamountofCO2perpassengerkilometreastrainsdo.However,only2percentofEUfundsarespentonports.Afurtheronepercentisspentoninlandwaterways.Coachesarethecleanestformoftransport.EmissionsofCO2perpassengerkilometrefromcoachesarehalfthoseofbuses.BusesemitlessthanhalfasmuchCO2perpassengerkilometreascars.TheEuropeanUnionspends10percentofitstransportbudgetonpublictransport,suchasbusesandcoaches.n(197words)23nThechartsbelowshowthenumberofJapanesetouriststravellingabroadbetween1985and1995andAustralianshareoftheJapanesetouristmarket.24nThischartshowsusthatJapanesetouristsgoabroadfortravellinginadecadeandAustraliansshareofmarketingforJapanesetourists.Between1985and1995Japanesetouriststravellingabroadwasdramaticallyincreased.In85therewasabout5millionstravelergoabroad.Since85numberoftravelerwentupdramaticallyuntil40.Itwasalmosttwicethenbetween90and93thenumberremainstable,whichisabout12millions.From93to95itroseslightly.Thereforein1995therewereabout15millionpeoplewentabroad.Iamgoingtowriteabouttheotherchart,whichisAustraliansshareofJapanesetouristmarket.Thisisalsobetween1985and1995.About2millionJapanesetouristswenttoAustraliain1985.Between85and89peoplewentthereincreasedsharply,whichisalmost3timesmore.In1990itfallnumberslightlybutfrom90to94numberiswentup.However94to95isnotsowentupnumberofpeoplewhowenttoAustralia.Itremainisthesameorslightlydecreased.25nThechartbelowshowsinformationaboutHeartAttacksbyAgeandGenderinUSA.26nThegraphshowshowageandgenderinfluencethefrequencyofheartattacksintheUS.Lessthan6%ofallheartattacksoccurinthe29-44agegroup.Thenumberofwomenwhosufferheartattacksinthisgroupisnegligible-only3000peryear,comparedto123,000men.Howevertheproportionofmenandwomenwithheartattacksrisesdramaticallybetween45and64,withoverhalfamillionperyear.Over420,000menayearinthisagegrouphaveheartattacks.Theincidenceamongstwomenincreases-womenhaveoneheartattackforeverythreemeninthisagegroup.Overtheageof65,thenumberofmensufferingheartattacksonlyincreasesslightly.Howeverthereisahugeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwithheartattacks-theycompriseover40%ofallvictims.Inconclusion,menaremorelikelytobethevictimsofheartattacksatallages,butwomenareincreasinglylikelyovertheageof65.27nThegraphshowsestimatedoilproductioncapacityforseveralGulfcountriesbetween1990and2010.28nThegraphshowsOilProductionCapacityinmillionsofbarrelsperdayforselectedGulfcountries.Thereareseveralfeaturesinthisgraph.Themostsignificantfeatureisthatoilproductionwillincreasesharplyinalmostallthecountriesshown.KuwaitandIraqarebothexpectedtodoubletheiroutputbetween1990and2010,withKuwaitsproductionrisingfrom1.8millionbarrelsperday(bpd)in1990to3.8in2010.Iranwillalsoincreaseitsoutputbyaslightlysmalleramount.Afterremainingsteadyat2.5millionbpdfrom1990to2000,theUAEsoutputisexpectedtoapproach4.0millionbpdin2010.OnlyQatarsproductionispredictedtofall,backto0.8millionbpdafteraslightrisein2000.However,thegreatestincreasewillbefromSaudiArabia.In1990,itsoutputcapacityat8.5millionbpdexceededthecombinedproductionofIran,IraqandKuwait.Thisleadisexpectedtocontinuewitha75%increaseinproductionto14.5millionbpd2010.Insummary,whilemostofthecountriesareexpectedtoshowincreases,SaudiArabiawillmaintainandstrengthenitspositionasthemajorproducer.2930n审题审题观察横轴与纵轴代表什么及各自的单位或项目。横轴代表职位的高低：从最低的观察横轴与纵轴代表什么及各自的单位或项目。横轴代表职位的高低：从最低的officegradeE到最高的到最高的officegradeA，纵轴代表男女员工所占的百分比：，纵轴代表男女员工所占的百分比：0%-100%；n观察横轴有几种柱形，每种代表什么。此图里，共两种柱形：浅色柱表示女员工的比例，深色柱代表男员工的比例；观察横轴有几种柱形，每种代表什么。此图里，共两种柱形：浅色柱表示女员工的比例，深色柱代表男员工的比例；n观察每种柱形的升降趋势及最高点，最低点和柱形间的高低差异。在这幅图里，浅色柱随职位的升高而呈现下降趋势，；观察每种柱形的升降趋势及最高点，最低点和柱形间的高低差异。在这幅图里，浅色柱随职位的升高而呈现下降趋势，；相反，深色柱随职位的升高而呈现上升趋势；在相反，深色柱随职位的升高而呈现上升趋势；在officegradeE里，浅色柱达最高点里，浅色柱达最高点(约为约为72%)，而深色柱却为最低点，而深色柱却为最低点(约为约为28%)；与此形成对比的是，在；与此形成对比的是，在officegradeA这里，浅色柱到达最低点这里，浅色柱到达最低点(8%左右左右)，而深色柱却位于最高点，而深色柱却位于最高点(92%左左右右)，深浅色柱差别最大的地方在，深浅色柱差别最大的地方在officegradeA,为为84%；深浅色柱差别最小的地方在；深浅色柱差别最小的地方在officergradeC,为为10%。n构思有了详细的审题分析，随后的构思阶段就变得轻而易举了。构思意味着对文章结构的妥善安排，由于引言段是必不构思有了详细的审题分析，随后的构思阶段就变得轻而易举了。构思意味着对文章结构的妥善安排，由于引言段是必不可少的，并且只有一两句话，因此构思的对象主要就是针对主体段落。以此图为例，主体段落的安排可以有两种方案。可少的，并且只有一两句话，因此构思的对象主要就是针对主体段落。以此图为例，主体段落的安排可以有两种方案。n按按officegrade的高低逐级描述，从的高低逐级描述，从officegradeE到到officegradeA，共分成，共分成5小段；按照规律，如果按男女比例差距小段；按照规律，如果按男女比例差距的数量大小，可把的数量大小，可把B和和E放一起，放一起，C和和D放一起，放一起，A单独写一段，也就是单独写一段，也就是3小段；按数据差异性质，比如小段；按数据差异性质，比如E和和D都是男少女都是男少女多，多，B和和C都是女少男多，都是女少男多，A单独一段，也就是单独一段，也就是3小段了。小段了。n按浅色柱和深色柱来分别进行描述，共分两大段，每段中按浅色柱和深色柱来分别进行描述，共分两大段，每段中officegrade相互比较。但由于女员工比例随级别升高而下降，相互比较。但由于女员工比例随级别升高而下降，男员工比例却随级别升高而增加的形式极其明显，因此方案二的写作余地小，应优先选择方案一。男员工比例却随级别升高而增加的形式极其明显，因此方案二的写作余地小，应优先选择方案一。n引言段必须要写，但结尾段则没有强制要求。若要写结尾段，则应以简单的总体趋势描写为主。引言段必须要写，但结尾段则没有强制要求。若要写结尾段，则应以简单的总体趋势描写为主。n选词由于是纵向比较，故可选用的方法大致如下：选词由于是纵向比较，故可选用的方法大致如下：twiceasmuchas(倍数比较倍数比较)；thehighest,followedby.(排序排序)；(figure),making.thelowestonein.(数值及排位数值及排位)；athirdasmuchas(分数比较分数比较)。分数和倍。分数和倍数的表达还有很多，考生们可在备考中总结。数的表达还有很多，考生们可在备考中总结。n考点除了开头讲过的信息精确度以及趋势和数字相结合的要求外，对于合理的衔接及复杂句的应用也是有要求的。考点除了开头讲过的信息精确度以及趋势和数字相结合的要求外，对于合理的衔接及复杂句的应用也是有要求的。衔接方法的切入点除了有我们熟知的连词外，还有定语从句衔接方法的切入点除了有我们熟知的连词外，还有定语从句(包括介词包括介词+关系代词关系代词)，分词，状语提前以及独立主格等方，分词，状语提前以及独立主格等方法。成功的复杂句数量不需多要精，一两句即可。法。成功的复杂句数量不需多要精，一两句即可。31nThechartbelowshowsestimatedworldliteracyratesbyregionandbygenderfortheyear2000.32nInthisreportIwilldescribeabarchartthatshowstheestimatedworldilliteracyratesbygenderandregionfortheyear2000.FirstIwilllookatmaleilliteracyforthe6areasshown.ThelowestrateswereinDevelopedCountries,LatinAmerica/CaribbeanandEastAsia/Oceaniawithratesof1%(approximately),10%and8%(approximately)respectively.Theratesforthenextthreeareasweremuchhigherandquitesimilartoeachother.Sub-SaharanAfrica,theArabStatesandSouthAsiahadratesofapproximately31%,29%and34%.FemaleilliteracywasmuchhigherrelativelyineachareaexceptLatinAmerica/Caribbeanwhereitwasonlyslightlyhigher.ThelowestratesforfemaleilliteracywereagainDevelopedCountries,LatinAmerica/CaribbeanandEastAsia/Oceaniawithratesofapproximately2%,12%and20%.Againtheratesforthenextthreeareasweremuchhigherandquitesimilartoeachother.Sub-SaharanAfrica,theArabStatesandSouthAsiahadratesofapproximately48%,52%and56%.(168words)33nThegraphsshowenrolmentindifferentcollegesintheHigherCollegesofTechnologyin1999.34nThechartsshowsstudentenrolmentbygenderandlevelindifferentcollegesoftheHigherCollegesofTechnologycollegesintheUAE.Therearecleardifferencesinmaleandfemaleenrolment.Femalesoutnumbermeninallthecolleges,withalmost25%morestudentsinDubaiWomenscollegethaninDubaiMens.RasAl-KhaimahWomensCollegehasalmost180students,comparedtoonly100intheMenscollege.Femalesalsooutnumbermalesbylevel,withalmostdoublethenumberofmenatHigherDiplomalevel(330comparedto181).OnlyatDiplomaleveldoesthenumberofmenslightlyexceedthatofwomen.OverhalfthestudentsareinCertificatelevel,withlessthanaquarteratHigherDiplomaorBachelorlevel.Inconclusion,moststudentsintheHigherCollegesareenrolledatDiplomalevelorbelow,andthemajorityofstudentsarewomen.(143words)35nThetablebelowshowsthefiguresforimprisonmentinfivecountriesbetween1930and1980.36nThetableshowsthatthefiguresforimprisonmentinthefivecountriesmentionedindicatenooverallpatternofincreaseordecrease.Infactthereisconsiderablefluctuationfromcountrytocountry.InGreatBritainthenumbersinprisonhaveincreasedsteadilyfrom30000in1930to80,000in1980.OntheotherhandinAustralia,andparticularlyinNewZealandthenumbersfellmarkedlyfrom1930to1940.Sincethentheyhaveincreasedgradually,apartfromin1980whenthenumbersinprisoninNewZealandfellbyabout30,000fromthe1970total.Canadaistheonlycountryinwhichthenumbersinprisonhavedecreasedovertheperiod1930to1980,althoughtherehavebeenfluctuationsinthistrend.ThefiguresfortheUnitedStatesindicatethegreatestnumberofprisonerscomparedtotheotherfourcountriesbutpopulationsizeneedstobetakenintoaccountinthisanalysis.TheprisonpopulationintheUnitedStatesincreasedrapidlyfrom1970to1980andthismustbeaworryingtrend.37nThegraphaboveshowinformationofemploymentratesacross6countriesin1995and2005.38nThegraphshowschangesinemploymentratesinsixcountriesbetween1995and2005,formenandwomen.Overallmoreandmorepeopleofworkingageareemployed,andtherehavebeensignificantimprovementsforwomen,althoughtheylegbehindmeninenteringtheworkforce.Themostobvioustrendinthegraphisthatwomenhaveloweremploymentratesinmostofthecountriesinthegraph.Forexample,inAustraliain1995,57percentofmencouldfindworkorretainajob,butonly27percentofwomen.ThedifferencewasevenbiggerinNewZealand,with60percentofwomen.EveninSwitzerlandandIceland,slightlymorementhanwomenwereinthejobmarket.Thesecondbiggesttrendinthegraphistheimprovementinemploymentbetween1995and2005.Inallcountriesshown,figuresforbothmenandwomenimproved.ThebiggestchangewasintheUnitedKingdom,from55percentofmenin1995to73percentoverthetenyearsperiod.Furthermore,theincreasesinemploymentratesforwomenweremuchhigherinNewZealand.Thepercentageofworkingwomenjumpedfrom25percentto42percent,andintheUnitedStatesfrom45percentto61percentoverthedecade.Inconclusion,allthecountriesinthegraphshowedatleasta12percentincreaseinemploymentratesofbothmenandwomenoverthetenyeares.Whilemenhadrelativelyhigheremploymentratethroughouttheperiod,moreandmorewomenappeartobeenteringthelabourmarket.39nThegraphbelowgivesinformationaboutthepreferredleisureactivitiesofAustralianchildren.4