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第二周 冠 词
一、不定冠词
①The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development.(2013·福建高考)
“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平发展的梦。
②He studied a law in his spare time and became a lawyer.
他业余时间研究法律,成了一名律师。
③—Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him.
—Sorry, but there is no such person here.(2014·芜湖质检)
——劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。
——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。
④He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)
他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌,但是,在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。
⑤In order to shape myself, I attend Yoga classes twice a week.
为了塑造自己的体型,我每周参加两次瑜伽班。
不定冠词a/an的用法
1.单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。
2.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
3.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
4.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。
5.表示单位时间内的频度,含有“每”的概念。
二、定冠词the
①—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
—Yes, as you know, the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
②I don't know who invented the iPhone, but I think it is a useful invention.(2014·山西部分重点高中高三联考)
我不知道是谁发明了iPhone,但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。
③As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.(2011·陕西高考)
众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
④Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西高考)
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
⑤—It's said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.
—Right, he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。
——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。
定冠词the的用法:
1.用在名词前表示特指。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
3.用在序数词和最高级前。
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和专用名词前。
5.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour, by the dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight, by height等。
三、零冠词
①Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.(2012·安徽高考)
卡尔正在大学里学食品科学,他希望将来有一天开一家自己的肉食品加工厂。
②Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, a fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.(2011·四川高考)
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们:“五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造”。
③A year can be divided into four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
④Clever boy as he is, he can't solve such a difficult problem.
尽管他是个聪明的孩子,但他无法解决这么难的问题。
⑤Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(2010·重庆高考)
一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有“免费的午餐”。
⑥Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
除了星星,宇航员只看见太空,看不到别的东西。
零冠词的用法
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语或同位语时,不加冠词。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。
4.as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。
5.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
6.高考中常见的纯不可数名词,它们是:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(= news), progress, information, news, luck, wealth(财产)等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。
考点一 冠词的特指与泛指
1.(2013·山东高考)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
A.不填; a B.a; the
C.the; a D.the; 不填
解析:选B 根据语意可知,第一空泛指“一个寒冷的冬夜”,所以用不定冠词;第二空特指“那天晚上的天空”,所以用定冠词the。
2.(2013·江西高考)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A.a; / B.the; the
C.a; the D./; /
解析:选A 句意:很明显,动物是比人类更低级的生命形态。第一空用a修饰form,意为“一种……”,第二空man是泛指,表示“人类”,前面不需要冠词。故选A项。
3.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)He missed ________ gold in the high jump, but will get ________ second chance in the long jump.
A.the; the B.不填; a
C.the; a D.a; 不填
解析:选C 句意:他在跳高中错失了金牌,但在跳远中还有一次机会。前一个空格处特指跳高中的金牌,故用the;后一个空格处是不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一;又一”。
考点二 冠词的习惯用法
4.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A.a; a B.the; the
C.不填; the D.a; 不填
解析:选A 句意:四个半小时的讨论一直持续到半夜,在中间休息时我们吃了奶酪、巧克力以及喝了点加糖的茶。“四个半小时”可以表示为four and a half hours或four hours and a half。break意为“休息”,是可数名词,这里表示泛指,其前应用不定冠词。故选A。
1.(2014·苏州检测)Last year I had ________ narrow escape, and I don't want to risk my life ________ second time.
A.the; the B.a; /
C.a; a D.the; a
解析:选C 句意:去年我是死里逃生,我不想再一次冒生命危险了。第一空,a narrow escape表示“死里逃生”;第二空,a second time表示“再一次”。
2.(2014·泗阳中学月考)—John, there's ________ certain Mrs.Myles on ________ phone for you.
—Oh, I'm coming.Thank you.
A.a; / B./; /
C./; the D.a; the
解析:选D 句意:“John,电话里有位Myles夫人找你。”“哦,我来了。谢谢你。”第一空填不定冠词a,泛指一位Myles夫人;第二空,on the phone意为“在电话里”,为固定短语。
3.Christmas is ________ special holiday when ________ whole family are supposed to get together.
A.the; the B.a; the
C./; a D.a; /
解析:选B 句意:圣诞节是一个特殊的节日,那时全家人都应该团聚。“________ special holiday”泛指“一个特殊的节日”,第一空用不定冠词a; the whole family表示“全家人”,为固定用法,第二空用定冠词the。故B项正确。
4.It came as ________ shock that ________ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday, killing at least 5 people.
A.a; a B.a; /
C./; a D.the; the
解析:选A 句意:昨天发生在上海的一场火灾造成至少5人死亡,这是一件让人震惊的事情。“________ shock”表示“一件让人震惊的事情”,故第一空用不定冠词a;“________ fire”泛指“一场火灾”,故第二空也用不定冠词a。
5.(2014·安徽六校联考)Most scientists seem to agree that ________ certain limit should be set on ________ consumption of cars to ease air pollution.
A.a; the B./; the
C.the; / D.the; the
解析:选A 句意:大多数科学家似乎都同意限制汽车的消费,以减轻空气污染。set a limit on ...为固定搭配,意为“对……设限”,故第一空用不定冠词a;“________ consumption of cars”特指“汽车的消费”,故第二空用定冠词the。
6.(2014·东北师大附中综合素质展示)It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A./; / B.the; /
C.the; a D.the; the
解析:选B 句意:据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in Australia”是后置定语,修饰wool,所以第一空用the表示特指;第二空是“be of+抽象名词”结构,名词前不用冠词。
7.(2014·河南郑州高中毕业年级质量预测)—How do you find the guy who took ________ office last week?
—He's always finding ________ fault with others.
A./; a B.the; a
C./; / D.the; /
解析:选C 句意:“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样?”“他总是找别人的茬。”take office“就职”,find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”,两者均为固定短语,故两个空均不填冠词。
8.(2014·南京第十二中学高三调研)—What do you think we should do when ________ earthquake happens?
—In my opinion, go to ________ open space away from buildings or trees.
A.an; an B.the; an
C.an; the D.the; the
解析:选A “________ earthquake”表示“一场地震”,因此第一空用不定冠词an,排除B和D;space在此处表示“大片空地”,为可数名词,且表示泛指意义,所以第二空也用不定冠词an。故选A。
9.(2014·徐州高三模拟)I started as ________ office clerk, and turned ________ department manager three years later.
A.the; the B.an; a
C.an; / D.the; /
解析:选C 句意:我从一名办公室职员做起,3年后成了部门经理。________ office clerk表示“一名办公室职员”,用不定冠词an; turn表示“变成”时后面作表语的名词前不用冠词。
10.Jogging every morning is ________ good habit.Stick to it, and you'll make ________ great progress.
A.a; / B.a; a
C.the; a D./; /
解析:选A 句意:每天早上慢跑是个好习惯。坚持下去,你就会取得很大进步。“________ good habit”泛指“一个好习惯”,第一空应用不定冠词a;progress为不可数名词,make progress为固定词组,表示“取得进步”,第二空不填。故A项正确。
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