第二周+冠词（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第二周冠词一、不定冠词The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development.(2013福建高考)“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平发展的梦。He studied a law in his spare time and became a lawyer.他业余时间研究法律，成了一名律师。Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry, but there is no such person here.(2014芜湖质检)劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.(2012全国卷)他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。In order to shape myself, I attend Yoga classes twice a week.为了塑造自己的体型，我每周参加两次瑜伽班。不定冠词a/an的用法1单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。2表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。3用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。4不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”。5表示单位时间内的频度，含有“每”的概念。二、定冠词theDid you enjoy yourself yesterday?Yes, as you know, the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.你昨天玩得开心吗？是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。I dont know who invented the iPhone, but I think it is a useful invention.(2014山西部分重点高中高三联考)我不知道是谁发明了iPhone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.(2011陕西高考)众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013陕西高考)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。Its said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。定冠词the的用法：1用在名词前表示特指。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。3用在序数词和最高级前。4用于集合名词、物质名词和专用名词前。5用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour, by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight, by height等。三、零冠词Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.(2012安徽高考)卡尔正在大学里学食品科学，他希望将来有一天开一家自己的肉食品加工厂。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, a fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.(2011四川高考)这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们：“五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造”。A year can be divided into four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。Clever boy as he is, he cant solve such a difficult problem.尽管他是个聪明的孩子，但他无法解决这么难的问题。Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(2010重庆高考)一切都是有代价的，因为天下没有“免费的午餐”。Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.除了星星，宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。零冠词的用法1不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。2称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语或同位语时，不加冠词。3月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。4as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。5no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。6高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word( news), progress, information, news, luck, wealth(财产)等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。考点一 冠词的特指与泛指1(2013山东高考)It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.A不填； aBa; theCthe; a Dthe; 不填解析：选B根据语意可知，第一空泛指“一个寒冷的冬夜”，所以用不定冠词；第二空特指“那天晚上的天空”，所以用定冠词the。2(2013江西高考)Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.Aa; / Bthe; theCa; the D/; /解析：选A句意：很明显，动物是比人类更低级的生命形态。第一空用a修饰form，意为“一种”，第二空man是泛指，表示“人类”，前面不需要冠词。故选A项。3(2012全国卷)He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.Athe; the B不填； aCthe; a Da; 不填解析：选C句意：他在跳高中错失了金牌，但在跳远中还有一次机会。前一个空格处特指跳高中的金牌，故用the；后一个空格处是不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一；又一”。 考点二 冠词的习惯用法4(2013新课标全国卷)Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.Aa; a Bthe; theC不填； the Da; 不填解析：选A句意：四个半小时的讨论一直持续到半夜，在中间休息时我们吃了奶酪、巧克力以及喝了点加糖的茶。“四个半小时”可以表示为four and a half hours或four hours and a half。break意为“休息”，是可数名词，这里表示泛指，其前应用不定冠词。故选A。1(2014苏州检测)Last year I had _ narrow escape, and I dont want to risk my life _ second time.Athe; the Ba; /Ca; a Dthe; a解析：选C句意：去年我是死里逃生，我不想再一次冒生命危险了。第一空，a narrow escape表示“死里逃生”；第二空，a second time表示“再一次”。2(2014泗阳中学月考)John, theres _ certain Mrs.Myles on _ phone for you.Oh, Im coming.Thank you.Aa; / B/; /C/; the Da; the解析：选D句意：“John，电话里有位Myles夫人找你。”“哦，我来了。谢谢你。”第一空填不定冠词a，泛指一位Myles夫人；第二空，on the phone意为“在电话里”，为固定短语。3Christmas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.Athe; the Ba; theC/; a Da; /解析：选B句意：圣诞节是一个特殊的节日，那时全家人都应该团聚。“_ special holiday”泛指“一个特殊的节日”，第一空用不定冠词a; the whole family表示“全家人”，为固定用法，第二空用定冠词the。故B项正确。4It came as _ shock that _ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday, killing at least 5 people.Aa; a Ba; /C/; a Dthe; the解析：选A句意：昨天发生在上海的一场火灾造成至少5人死亡，这是一件让人震惊的事情。“_ shock”表示“一件让人震惊的事情”，故第一空用不定冠词a；“_ fire”泛指“一场火灾”，故第二空也用不定冠词a。5(2014安徽六校联考)Most scientists seem to agree that _ certain limit should be set on _ consumption of cars to ease air pollution.Aa; the B/; theCthe; / Dthe; the解析：选A句意：大多数科学家似乎都同意限制汽车的消费，以减轻空气污染。set a limit on .为固定搭配，意为“对设限”，故第一空用不定冠词a；“_ consumption of cars”特指“汽车的消费”，故第二空用定冠词the。6(2014东北师大附中综合素质展示)It is said that _ wool produced in Australia is of _ high quality.A/; / Bthe; /Cthe; a Dthe; the解析：选B句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in Australia”是后置定语，修饰wool，所以第一空用the表示特指；第二空是“be of抽象名词”结构，名词前不用冠词。7(2014河南郑州高中毕业年级质量预测)How do you find the guy who took _ office last week?Hes always finding _ fault with others.A/; a Bthe; aC/; / Dthe; /解析：选C句意：“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样？”“他总是找别人的茬。”take office“就职”，find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”，两者均为固定短语，故两个空均不填冠词。8(2014南京第十二中学高三调研)What do you think we should do when _ earthquake happens?In my opinion, go to _ open space away from buildings or trees.Aan; an Bthe; anCan; the Dthe; the解析：选A“_ earthquake”表示“一场地震”，因此第一空用不定冠词an，排除B和D；space在此处表示“大片空地”，为可数名词，且表示泛指意义，所以第二空也用不定冠词an。故选A。9(2014徐州高三模拟)I started as _ office clerk, and turned _ department manager three years later.Athe; the Ban; aCan; / Dthe; /解析：选C句意：我从一名办公室职员做起，3年后成了部门经理。_ office clerk表示“一名办公室职员”，用不定冠词an; turn表示“变成”时后面作表语的名词前不用冠词。10Jogging every morning is _ good habit.Stick to it, and youll make _ great progress.Aa; / Ba; aCthe; a D/; /解析：选A句意：每天早上慢跑是个好习惯。坚持下去，你就会取得很大进步。“_ good habit”泛指“一个好习惯”，第一空应用不定冠词a；progress为不可数名词，make progress为固定词组，表示“取得进步”，第二空不填。故A项正确。