高三英语专题复习：动词的时态和语态.doc

高中英语语法专题复习 动词的时态和语态
1 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
（1） 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，英译汉时可加“已经”等词。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)
（2） 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，英译汉时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month.(只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)
I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关)
2 表示将来时间的几种形式比较
（1） shall / will 与 be going to
shall / will 强调将来的动作或状态; be going to 更加强调指向将来的当前意图和打算。如： It’ll soon be Christmas. 很快就是圣诞节了。
I’m going to listen to rock-on-roll. 我打算听摇滚乐。
shall / will 表示未经预先思考，计划的意图，be going to 表示先经过思考，计划的将来。如：
----The phone is ringing.
----I’ll answer it. ( 不可说 I’m going to answer it.)
shall / will 表示说话人认为，假定要发生的事，而be going to 表示有迹象表明马上要发生的事。如：
It looks as if it is going to rain soon.
(2) be to do sth 表示将来
表示按计划，安排将要发生的动作（常用于新闻，广播，报道官方计划或决定）
The president is to visit China later this year.
(3) be about to 表示将来
表示眼看就要发生的事情，可用于有生命或无生命的主语，不跟表将来的时间状语。
Don’t get out. We are about to have dinner.
(4) be doing 表将来
go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作
He is moving to the south.
(5) 一般将来时表示将来
时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来。
The meeting starts at five o’clock.
3 下面主动形式常表示被动意义。如：
The window wants / needs / requires repairing.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.
The dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very cold.
The book is worth reading twice. The clothes wash well./ The book sells well.
4 一些特殊句式中的时态
（1）在含有“by the end of…”或“by the time…”的句式中，如果其表示的是过去时间，主句常用过去完成时；如果其表示的是将来时间，主句则常用将来完成时。如：
1 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium __________ in Beijing.
A would be completed B was being completed
C has been completed D had been completed
2 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _________ from the university next year.
A will graduate B will have graduated
C graduates D is to graduate
(2) 在“祈使句+and / or +并列分句”的句型中，并列分句中谓语动词常用一般将来时。如：
Try some of this juice-perhaps you _________ it.
A like B will like C have liked D liked
(3) 在“It / This / That +be +序数词+time + that从句”的句型中，要注意主从句时态的一致。如果主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，从句谓语常用现在完成时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句谓语则常用过去完成时。如：
I was lucky actually, because that ________ the second time I ___________ China that year.
A was; had visited B was; visited C is; have visited D was; have visited
(4) 在“It + be + 一段时间 + since 从句”的句型中，如果主句为一般现在时或现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句则常用过去完成时。如：
---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years __________ I enjoyed myself so much.
A after B before C when D since
(5) 在“It + be +一段时间 + before 从句”的句型中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时；如果主句为一般过去时，从句则常用一般过去时。如：
It will be six years before we ___________ again.
A will meet B meet C met D have met
It ________ not long before he told us about the affair.
A will be B is C had been D was
(6) 在“It is (about / high ) time + that 从句”的句型中，从句谓语动词常用一般过去时态。如：It is high time we __________
A start B started C will start D have started
(7) 在“would rather + 从句”的句式中，从句常用一般过去时态。如：
---Who would you rather _________ there with you ?
---Jenny.
A go B going C to go D went
(8) 在“hardly / scarcely…when 和 no sooner…than…”的句式中，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。如：
Scarcely had he gone into the room when the phone __________.
A rang B had rung C would ring D ring
强化训练
1----Thank goodness, you’re here! What ____________ you?
----Traffic jam.
A keeps B is keeping C had kept D kept
2 The house could fall down soon if no one __________ some quick repair work.
A has done B is doing C does D had done
3 The crazy fans _________ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A were waiting B had been waiting C had waited D would wait
4 She ________ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
A would change B has changed C changed D was changing
5 All the employees except the manager __________ to work online at home.
A encourages B encourage C is encouraged D are encouraged
6 ----You were out when I dropped in at your house.
----Oh, I ___________ for a friend from England at the airport.
A was waiting B had waited C am waiting D have waited
7 He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ___________ her somewhere.
A saw B has seen C sees D had seen
8 -----George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-----No, I ___________. Did they have a big wedding?
A was not invited B have not been invited C hadn’t been invited D didn’t invite
9 The discussion ___________ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A was coming B had come C has come D came
10 Because the shop __________, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A has closed down B closed down C is closing down D had closed down
11 More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year.
A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated
12 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ___________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A begin B began C have begun D had begun
13 -----The window is dirty.
-----I know. It _________ for weeks.
A hasn’t cleaned B didn’t clean C wasn’t cleaned D hasn’t been cleaned
14 My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _________ half of it.
A was missing B had missed C will miss D missed
15 -----Has Sam finished his homework today?
-----I have no idea. He __________ it this morning.
A did B has done C was doing D had done
16 I ____________ you not to move my dictionary ------I can’t find it.
A asked B ask C was asking D had asked
17 According to the art dealer, the painting __________ to go for at least a million dollars.
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
18 The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _________ increased enormously ever since.
A is B was C has been D had been
19 The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A persuade B will persuade C be persuaded D are persuaded
20 ----What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
----I had just finished my work and _________ to take a shower.
A had started B started C have started D was starting
21 How can you possibly miss the news? It ________ on TV all day long.
A has been B had been C was D will be
22 ----Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
----Where was I?
-----You _________ you didn’t like your father’s job.
A had said B said C were saying D had been saying
23 I arrived late; I __________ the road to be so icy.
A wouldn’t expect B haven’t expect C hadn’t expected D wasn’t expecting
24 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ________?
A didn’t they B don’t they C mustn’t they D haven’t they
25 -----Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.
-----You __________ something.
A have left B are always leaving C are leaving D always left
26 ---I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you.
----Oh, I __________ myself.
A am talking to B talked about C have talked to D was talking to
27 -----Have you finished the report?
-----No. I _________ it all this week.
A will do B had done C have done D have been doing
28 -----We ________ that you would fix the TV set this week.
-----I’m sorry. I __________ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.
A had expected; had intended B are expecting; had intended
C expect; intend D expected; intend
29 -----Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
-----Mum, I ___________ my storeroom downstairs.
A cleaned B have cleaned C was cleaning D have been cleaning
30 ----I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.
----I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I __________ my guests in my office.
A is being met B will meet C will be meeting D will have met
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