2020年全国统一高考英语试卷(新课标Ⅰ)(解析版).doc

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2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)
英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where are the speakers?
A. At a swimming pool. B. In a clothing shop. C. At a school lab.
[答案[B
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
2.What will Tom do next?
A. Turn down the music. B. Postpone the show. C. Stop practicing.
[答案[C
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
3.What is the woman busy doing?
A Working on a paper.
B. Tidying up the office.
C. Organizing a party.
[答案[C
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
4.When will Henry start his vacation?
A. This weekend. B. Next week. C. At the end of August.
[答案[A
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
5.What does Donna offer to do for Bill?
A. Book a flight for him. B. Drive him to the airport. C. Help him park the car.
[答案[B
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
6. Why does Pete call Lucy?
A. To say that he’ll be late. B. To tell her about his work. C. To invite her to dinner.
7. When is Pete going to see Lucy?
A. At 6:00 pm. B. At 6:45 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
[答案[6. A 7. B
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
8. Why does Cathy want to quit her job？
A. She’ll join another firm.
B. She’ll run her own business.
C. She’s fed up with it.
9. What is Mark’s attitude towards Cathy’s decision?
A. Forgiving. B. Sympathetic. C. Supportive.
10. What might Cathy do for the present company?
A. Apply for a project. B. Train a new person. C. Recommend an engineer.
[答案[8. A 9. C 10. B
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
11. How did the man feel about his performance today?
A. Greatly encouraged.
B. A bit dissatisfied.
C. Terribly disappointed.
12. What did the man say helped him overcome the problem?
A. Patience.
B. Luck.
C. Determination.
13. What is the woman doing?
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Holding a press conference.
C. Hosting a ceremony.
[答案[11. B 12. C 13. A
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
14. What is next to the apartment building？
A. A restaurant.
B. A laundry.
C. A grocery store.
15. Which is included in the rent？
A. Electricity.
B. The Internet.
C. Satellite TV.
16. What does the woman think of the apartment？
A. It’s quite large.
B. It’s well furnished.
C. It’s worth the money.
[答案[14. C 15. A 16. C
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
17. Where is Jeff from？
A. Liverpool.
B. Coventry.
C. Newcastle.
18. Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff？
A. Pubs.
B. Stadiums.
C. Friends’ homes.
19. Why does Jeff have to pick a team to support？
A. To avoid being bothered.
B. To open a conversation.
C. To earn respect from others.
20. What does Jeff mainly talk about？
A. England’s moment of success.
B. English flag as a symbol of hope.
C. England’s all-time favourite sport.
[答案[17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
[解析[
[原文[本题为听力题,解析略。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days,i.e.
Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable,Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart
Origin
Destination
Arrive
6:42pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37pm
7:29pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52pm
8:57pm
Fortitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52pm
11:02pm
Roma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22am

21. What would you do get ticker information?
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink .com.au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm.
[答案[21. C 22. B 23. B
[解析[
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息,包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
[21题详解[
细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息,请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知,你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
[22题详解[
细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业,位于罗马街车站。由此可知,在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
[23题详解[
细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息,可知从起始地Central出发,开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知,如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes,你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
B
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的),an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
C. Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
[答案[24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
[解析[
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
[24题详解[
推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句”But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变,人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段”The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的,我年纪越大,就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知,作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
[25题详解[
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段”Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及”an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知,这本书出版于1964年,这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录,是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
[26题详解[
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中”while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知,前后句为转折关系,根据上下文的语境可推知,”rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为”但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”,由此判断出划线词的意思是”回报”。故选B项。
[27题详解[
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段”The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》,因为诗歌)”可知,作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
C
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
[答案[28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
[解析[
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势,但是之前受过伤的人,要想从事这样运动要谨慎,最好咨询专家的建议。
[28题详解[
细节理解题。根据第二段”But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知,但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直,一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知,竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
[29题详解[
细节理解题。根据最后一段”As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知,一些与跑步有关的损伤,比如跑步者的膝盖,在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知,竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
[30题详解[
细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话”In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员,学习适当的技巧。)”可知,Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
[31题详解[
推理判断题。根据第一段”Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知,研究表明,竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处,而且它还很少导致受伤。不过,它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another,employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefi