高三英语知识小结.doc

英语常考知识小结
高三英语组
一、常考单词、短语：
1. doubt 怀疑
have no doubt...(=don’t doubt that...)不怀疑，确信
eg. I don’t doubt/ have no doubt that he’ll come.
have some doubt whether...(=doubt whether/ if ...=be doubtful about/if /whether...)怀疑
eg. I doubt whether John will come on time.
2. have faith in 对......信任 in good faith真诚，诚心诚意
3. find fault with sb. 找某人/某事物的错，埋怨某人/某事物
be at fault 有责任，有错
4. for the sake of 为了......起见
for the time being(=for the moment)暂时，眼下
5. fall into the habit of 染上......习惯 be in the habit of 有......习惯
out of habit出于习惯
6. help oneself 各取所需（食物等）；擅自拿取
7. impress使铭记
impress sb. with sth.
impress sth. on/ upon sb. 给某人留下......印象
8. insist on doing sth.执意继续做 stick to sth.坚持固有的理论观点
9. keep短语
keep one’s word 遵守诺言 keep sb. company陪伴某人
keep fit/ healthy保持健康
10. live短语
live up to达到，符合，不辜负（他人的期望）;
live/lead a ...life过着一种......生活
11. long for sth. 渴望得到某物 long to do渴望做某事
12. 实用短语
more often than not 通常，往往，一贯
more of a ...算得上是......
(eg. He is much of a writer.她称得上是一个作家。)
or rather(=to be exact)更确切地说，毋宁说
out of sight看不见，在视野之外
out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不想
13. owing to 由于
owe... to...把......归功于......
eg. She owes her success to good luck.
14. more or less差不多，几乎，大约
next to + 否定词（nothing/impossible/never）几乎不
eg. I have seen him next to never.我几乎没有见过他。
It’s next to impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
在这么短的时间内完成这项工作几乎不可能。
15. in one’s opinion=in one’s view/judgment依某人看，在某人看来
ask (for)/seek one’s opinion征求某人的意见
16. be particular about sth.对......挑剔
in particular 尤其（=especially）
17. make a promise 许下诺言
break a/ one’s promise= break one’s word违背诺言
18. prove(vt.)+ 从句
Prove（linking verb）+ adj. 证明是
eg. He proved his courage in that battle.
他在那次战斗中证明了自己的勇气。
The method proved (to be) highly effective.
这个方法证明是非常有效的。
19. refer to 谈及；涉及；参考 refer to sb. as...把......称作......
20. reflect sb./sth.in sth.从......映出某人/某物的影像
eg. The sunlight was reflected in the water.
reflect on/ upon sth.沉思或思忆（往事）；认真思考
21. relate to 有关联
be related to sth.与某事物有关
22. result from 因......发生
result in (=bring about /cause/lead to)导致
23. at one’s own risk自担风险 take a risk/risks 冒险（做某事）
at risk 有危险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险
risk doing sth.(=run the risk of doing sth.)冒险做某事
24. seek to do sth.（attempt to do sth.）尝试、试图做某事
seek for 寻到；找到或得到（某事物）
seek --- sought --- sought
25. side by side 肩并肩地
take sides在辩论等中表示支持某人；偏袒
26. to one’s taste合......的品味/口味
eg. He only reads the book which is to his taste.
a taste for sth.爱好......
eg. He has a taste for music.= He is fond of /is keen on music.
27. to one’s + n.
to one’s heart’s content 使......心满意足的是
to one’s surprise/amazement/astonishment 使......惊讶的是
to one’s great joy/delight/ entertainment 使......非常高兴的是
much to one’s satisfaction使......满意的是
to one’s horror/ sorrow/disappointment使...害怕/悲哀/失望的是
to the fullest达到最大程度；充分
to the point切中要害，切题；扼要
28. in a way = in one way = in some ways（在某种程度上；不完全地）
in the/ sb’s way 挡着......的路；妨碍
29. have a word with sb.= have a talk with sb. 和某人谈话
have words with sb. 和某人吵架
30. as far as 就.......而言；when it comes to 谈到，至于；
match与.......相配/称，比得上
eg. As far as I am concerned, I’m not much of a footballer, but when it comes to playing chess, no one can match me in my class. 就我来说，我不太会踢足球，但是谈到下棋，我们班里没有谁是我的对手。
31. a great many (a good many) + 复数名词：许多/非常多......
eg. A good many people are doing their part for the Hope Project.
32. a handful of + 可数/不可数名词：少量的/一把/ 很少的......
a handful of rice 一把米 a handful of people 少数人
33. (not) at all 一点也（不）（常用在否定句、疑问句、条件从句中）；
above all 首先，最重要的是，尤其；
after all毕竟，终究（用来提醒对方注意）；
first of all首先（强调次序）；
in all总共。，总计
34. account for 说明原因；解释
eg. I want to account for each sum of the money you spent.
35. accuse sb. of sth. = charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事
eg. He was accused of theft. = He was charged with theft.
36. adapt/ adjust (oneself) to 使（自己）适应或习惯
adapt sth. for sth. 改变某事物，以便在不同的情况下运用
adapt a play 改编剧本
37. have/ gain/ win an advantage over 胜于，优于
take advanteage of 利用；占......的便宜
to one’s advantage/ disadvantage 对某人有利/不利
38. all at once = all of a sudden = suddenly突然
all the same 仍然，照样地
39. amount to (= add up to/ come to/ come up to)总共达到；实际上是
eg. The cost amounts to £250.
40. answer for = be responsible for ...对......负责；符合......
41. anything but 决不； nothing but只不过，只有
eg. The film is anything but interesting.
= The film is not interesting at all.
= The film is not a bit/ not in the least / far from interesting.
这部电影一点意思都没有。
He is nothing but a worker. 他只不过是个工人。
42. apologize to sb. = make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉
43. appeal to 呼吁，要求，诉诸，上诉，有吸引力
eg. The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
44. apply for 提出申请 apply to 把......应用于
apply oneself to 专心从事，埋头于......
eg. He is applying for a job now. 现在他正找工作。
Students should apply themselves to their study.
学生们应该专心致志地学习。
45. as a result 作为......的结果 as a result of 由于......的原因
46. as far as 远到；就.....而言；至于
as good as (= almost) 和......几乎一样
as it is事实上，实际情况是（= in reality）;已经，早就是（= already）
47. as to / as regards sth. = with regard to sth. = regarding sth.关于；
according to 依照
48. at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何
at the cost of sth. 以......为代价
49. at ease (= without worries or problems)安逸地；（comfortably）舒适地 eg. They are living at ease. 他们过得很安逸。
50. at hand 近在手边，在附近，即将发生
at peace 处于和平（或和睦）状态
at war 处于战争状态
at sea 在海上
at stake 在危险中（=at risk）;存亡攸关；危如累卵；吉凶未卜
51. at first sight 乍一看（乍看之下）
at the sight / thought of ... 一看见/一想起......(就)
eg. They fell in love at first sight. 他们一见钟情。
At the sight of the frightening snake, my hair stood on end.
一看到那条可怕的蛇，我的头发都竖了起来。
52. at the mercy of = in the power of sb./sth.
= under the control of sb./ sth. 任......摆布；在......面前无能为力
53. achieve one’s goal 达到目标
achieve fame / success 成名/ 取得成功
make great achievement 取得很大成就
54. act as 担当，充当 act on 生效；按......行事
eg. A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind man.
The medicine doesn’t act on me.那种药对我没有效果。
55. add...to...把......加到......上 add to 增加（=increase）
eg. If you add 5 to 3, you get 8. = 5 added to 3 is 8.
5加上3等于8.
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火增添了节日夜晚的气氛。
add up 加；合情合理（= be reasonable; make sense）(常用于否定句)
add up to 总计是；意味着（= be equivalent to sth.; indicate sth.）
eg. His story just doesn’t add up. 他的故事没有道理。
Running faster, being stronger and having good technigues don’t add up to victory in sports.
56. agree to 同意（提议、计划、方案、打算、主意等）
agree with 与......意见一致，同意（某人的见解、意见、观点）
agree on 关于......达成一致意见；一致同意
eg. He agreed to my sugestion.
He agreed with my idea/ my words/ what I said.
We agreed on the plan/ price.
in agreement with 与......一致，与......相符合
reach/ come to an agreement with sb. 与某人达成协议
eg. He is in agreement with me about how to settle the problem.
We have already come to an agreement with them.
57. aim to do sth./ aim at doing sth. 致力于做某事
be aimed at 针对，旨在
58. apart from 除去；除......外，即“除了含有此部分以外，还含有其他部分”。besides “除去；除......外”，与apart from 同义，通常二者可替代使用。in addition (to)另外；除......之外
59. admit (to) sth. / doing sth. 承认/招认（做了）某事
be admitted to 被录取到
60. ahead of 在......前面；优于；超过
= beforehand = in advance 提前
61. announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth.(to不能省略)通知；宣布
make an announcement 发布通知
62. appreciate sth./ doing sth. 欣赏；感谢
63. argue with sb. about / over sth. 关于某事/物与某人争辩
argue (reason / persuade) sb. into / out of doing sth. 说服某人/不干某事
64. around the corner 临近；在附近 draw near 临近
65. (a) waste of time / money 浪费时间/金钱
66. as firm as rock 坚如磐石 as easy as ABC极容易
as busy as a bee 极忙碌 as white as snow 雪白
as strong as a horse 壮如牛
as ... as possible = as...as sb. can 尽量......
eg. He runs as fast as possile. = He runs as fast as he can. 他尽可能地快跑。
67. as well 也，还；同样
as well as 既......又......,连接两个并列成分，但不能连接句子。
68. set / put aside 撇开；置之不理；把......放在一边；留出，拔出，分开或留出以备专用
69. at sb.’s expense由某人出钱 at the expense of ...以......为代价
70. at (the) most = not more than 最多
at (the) least = no less than 至少
71. attend to 留心；注意
attend (on / upon) sb. (= wait on / serve / look after sb.)照顾/服饰某人
72. bargain with sb. about / over / for sth. 同某人就某物/某事讨价还价/进行协商/谈条件
bargain for/ on 指望；期待，预料
73. base A on B / A be based on B A以B为基础
on the basis of 以......为基础
sb. be based in = place sb. in 把某人安置在（某地进行工作和活动），以......为基础
74. be absent from 缺席 in the absence of 在......不在/缺席的情况下
75. be about to do sth. (= be on the point of doing sth.) 即将，将要
76. be accepted / recognized as 被承认/认可是......
77. be anxious for / about ... 为......担心
be anxious for sth. (= be eager for ; long for)对......渴望
78. be viewed / seen / looked on / thought of / referred to / regarded as 被认为是......
79. be against 反对 be for ( be in favor of) 赞成
be afraid of (doing) sth. 担心会......; 对......有顾虑
be afraid to do sth. (= don’t dare to do sth.)不敢做某事
80. by accident = by chance 偶然地
on purpose = intentionally = by design 故意地
81. be angry at / about sth. 因......而生气
be angry with sb. 对......生气
82. be busy (in) doing sth.; be busy with / at / over/ about sth.忙于（做）某事 be kept busy (in) doing sth.被迫为......忙碌
83. be equal to 与......相等 be equal to (doing)胜任......
equal sb. in 在......方面与某人匹配
84. be familiar with sth.熟悉/通晓某事/物
be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉
85. be fond of 表示习惯性的“喜欢”、“爱好”，不与具体的时间状语连用
be puoud of = take pride in 为......而自豪；以......为荣
be bathed in 笼罩/ 沐浴在......
eg. The whole school is bathed in the sunlight.
整个学校沐浴在阳光中。
86. be made up of 由......组成
be made of 用......制成（可看出原材料）
be made from 用......制成（看不出原材料）
87. be used / accustomed to sth./ doing sth.习惯于......
88. blame sth. on 把某事归咎于......
take the blame 承担责任
be to blame 应受谴责
be to let (被)出租 eg. The house is to let.此房出租。
89. be rich in 盛产/含有丰富的....../ 充满......
be poor in 贫乏，缺乏
90. be certain / sure of 确信，对......有把握
be certain / sure to do sth.必然，一定会
make certain / sure of / that 弄清楚；确保
eg. I’m sure of my success / passing the exam.我确信会成功/会通过考试。（主语自我感觉）
He is sure to come.他肯定会来。（别人对主语的看法）
Please make sure of the date for the meeting. 请弄清开会的日期。
To keep healthy, you must make sure that you diet is varied and balanced.
certain 和sure的区别：
It’s certain that he will come. (It 作形式主语只能用certain)他肯定会来。
Be sure to be on time for the meeting!(祈使句只能用sure)务必要准时参加会议！
91. be active in 在......方面积极 be addicted to 沉溺于；成瘾
be after 追求，寻找
be aware / conscious of 知道，意识到，认识到
92. be crazy about (= be mad / enthusiastic about = be keen about / on)对......疯狂，狂热
like crazy 疯狂地
eg. He’s crazy about dancing.他热衷于跳舞。
They are dancing like crazy. 他们在疯狂地跳舞。
She’s keen on sailing.她喜爱航行。
93. be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
94. keep an eye on (upon) = take care of / look after 照看；留意
keep an eye out for sb./ sth.= watch / look out for, be cautious of 当心，注意
95. be fed up with 对......感到厌烦，腻了
be tired of / be bored with 厌烦了......
be hard on sb. ( = be strict with sb.) 过于严厉地对待某人
96. be generous / mean with 用......很大方/小气
be generous / mean to sb. 对某人宽大/刻薄
97. be ignorant of 对......不知道（不了解）
out of ignorance 出于无知
98. be in debt 欠债 be in favor of 支持；有利于
be in sympathy with 赞同；同情
99. be jealous / envious of 嫉妒......
be located / situated 位于......, 坐落在......
be loyal to 忠于......
be marked with ...... 标明了......
100. be on a diet 节食 be on the increase 在上涨/ 增加
101. be popular with 受欢迎
be absorbed in 专心致志于......
be cross (= angry) with sb./at sth. 对某人/某事生气
be responsible to sb. for sth. 为......向.......负责
be skilled at 擅长
be supposed / expected to do 应该做......,被期望做......
be willing / content to do sth.情愿做某事
be content / satisfied with 对......满意
102. be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做
It is worthwhile to do sth. / doing sth.
eg. The brave boy is worthy of being praised.
= The brave boy is worthy to be praised.
= The brave boy is worthy of the praise.
= The brave boy is worth the praise.
103. bear / keep ... in mind 记住，牢记
break the ice 打破僵局；打破沉默；打破难堪
104. believe in 信任，信仰；认为......有价值
believe it or not 信不信由你
105. belong to 属于
106. begin / start with 以......开始，以......为起点
to begin / start with 首先
107. bring sth. to an end = put an end to sth. 使......结束
bring about = cause, result in, lead to 导致
108. build up 逐步建立；加强
burn down = burn ... to the ground 把......烧成平地
burn up 烧掉/ 烧毁
109. burst into laughter / out laughing 突然哈哈大笑
burst into tears/ out crying 突然哭起来
110. by mistake = in error 错误地
111. in the air (= not fully planned or settled)在空中；悬而未决
on / off the air (broadcasting / not broadcasting) 正在广播/停播
112. It is out of question.那是毫无疑问的。（相当于beyond question）
It is out of the question.那是根本不可能的。（相当于impossible）
113. another 3 days = 3 more days
He will stay here for another 3 days.
= He will stay here for 3 other days.
= He will stay here for 3 more days.
114. 一......就......
As soon as / The moment / The instant / The second / Immediately / Directly / Instantly he arrived in London he telephoned me.
= He had hardly / scarcely / barely arrived in London when he telephoned me.
= Hardly / Scarcely / Barely had he arrived in London when he telephoned me.
= He had no sooner arrived in London than he telephoned me.
= No sooner had he arrived in London than he telephoned me.
115. 表条件
If you work hard, you will make progress in English.
= Working hard, you will make progress in English.
= Work hard, and you will make progress in English.
= If you don’t work hard, you will not make progress in English.
= Work hard, or you will not make progress in English.
= Unless you work hard, you can’t make progress in English.
116. 表因果
Because of / Owing to the fact that he was sick, he failed to attend the party.
= He was sick, so he failed to attend the party.
= Being sick, he failed to attend the party.
= He was sick, and therefore / thus / as a consequence / as a result / in consequence, he failed to attend the party.
= The reason why he failed to attend the party was that he was ill.
117. 表目的
(1) We learn English in order to / so as to understand the world better.
= We learn English for the prepose of understanding the world better.
= We learn English so that / in order that we can understand the world better.
= We learn English for the sake of understand the world better.
(2) I will not make a noise lest I (should) wake the baby.
= I will not make a noise in case I (should) wake the baby.
= I will not make a noise for fear that I wake the baby.
= I will not make a noise for fear of waking the baby.
118. 表示好处
It does us a lot of good. = It benefits us quite a lot.
= It is beneficial to us. = It is of great benefit to us.
Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading exten