高中英语高频短语及精练.doc

高中英语高频短语及精练addadd sth in包括某事物; 把某物加进去add sth on (to sth)包括或附加某事物add to sth 、increase sth 增加某事物add (sth) up加起来add up to sth (a)= amount to sth 总计共达: These numbers add up to 100. 这些数目合计为100.(b) be equivalent to sth; indicate sth 相等于某事物; 意为某事物: These clues dont really add up to very much这些线索没什么实际意义.at at ease自在；舒适而无忧虑 put sb at easestand at attention/ease立正、稍息at issue：在讨论中的at large：一般的；逍遥法外的;未被捕获的at length：详细地in detail；at lastat present 目前，现在at random：随意地at all risks无论冒什么危险 at risk 有危险; 冒风险 at the risk of冒可能（做某事）的危险at a loss亏本；茫然，不知所措=at sea茫然at first sight (=at first glance) 乍一看;初见之下 at sight（of）一见() on sbs doingat a speed of以.的速度at full speed以全速at will：任意地at stake在危险中;危如累卵 at the expense/cost of由.付费 at the cost of代价at war处于交战状态 on/upon (ones) arrival at一到达.就. at the top of ones voice高声地be be doing/about to do sth whenbe accused of被控犯了罪;被指责 be charged with 充满了；被控犯了罪be annoyed with sbatfor 对某人因而生气be aware of知道，意识到be known asbe famous as作为而闻名be known for因而出名be known to sb为所熟知be tired of/with/be fed up with对感到厌烦，腻了be surprised / amazed/ shocked / astonished / atbe acquainted with与熟识be connected with与有关系be related to ,be associated with, be involved in,linked ,concernedbe content with/to do/ be satisfied with对满足be burdened with承受重负be buried in埋头于It/sth is convenient for sb to do 某人方便做be covered with为所覆盖be crowded with挤满be filled (up) with充满be packed with塞满，挤满，充满 be lined with 成排排列be dressed in穿着 =wearbe eager for sth /to do渴望be engaged in sth从事，忙于(=be occupied in/be busy with /in doing sth= be employed in )be engaged to与订婚be married to与结婚be equipped with装备；（知识，技能等）准备be equal to sth相等；能胜任be exposed to暴露于；置身于be qualified to dofor能胜任、能做be fit to dobe fit for胜任；适合于 be experienced in对有经验be furnished with提供家具，布置be meantintended for/to do打算给，打算用作be prepared for /to do准备好be proud of以骄傲=take pride inbe used/accustomed to sthdoing sth习惯于be up to应由决定；某人忙;能胜任be absorbed in全神贯注于be lost in 沉浸在be addicted to沉迷于be devoted to致力于；热爱be delivered of 生下（孩子）=give birth tobe composed of由组成be made up of/consist ofbe faced with 面对(困难)be caught in (a rain; a traffic jam; the earthquake) 遇上（雨，堵塞,地震等）be attached to粘，贴；附属于；依恋be infected with 传染、感染上be diagnosed with被诊断患be mixed up in sthwith sb与人或事有牵连be reduced to 被迫得be relievedto do/of 因感到宽慰;被免除,免去be restricted intowithin 被限制在be rooted in 扎根于be surrounded bywith 被围住、包围be suspected of 被怀疑有行为be touched by 被所感动 (sb.)be familiar with /(sth.) be familiar to sb. be open to 对开放;乐于接受be to blame for sth对某事负责be(just)around the corner即将到来=be on the way They claimed that recovery was just around the cornerbe better off 境况好；更富有be bound to 一定会，必然 be capable of 有做出(某事)倾向的 be careful with 对小心认真 be cross with sb. at sth. 因某事和.发脾气 be curious about 对感到好奇 be deaf /blind to sth. 对充耳不闻be determined to do sth 决意/ 决心做某事be jealous of sb嫉妒某人be keen on 喜爱,渴望be into/be fond of be located /situated in 位于，坐落在be marked with 被标上记号,典型特征 be strict with sb. in sth. 对要求严格 be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done=be worth doing.值得做breakbreak down 毁掉，分解，（机器等）出故障，（车辆等）抛锚，（身体）出毛病，垮掉，（计划等）失败，中断break up驱散，破裂，解体，垮掉，结束break in 闯入，打岔break into 闯入，突然发出（做出）break into tears / laughter 突然大哭 / 大笑break out 爆发，突然发生break off 折断，断掉，中断break through 突破；取得突破break away from 挣脱开而逃走，与断绝关系bringbring about 引起= cause=lead to =contribute to=give rise to=result inbring in 引进(人才，技术),赚取，有好收成；逮捕bring on 引起,导致，促进bring up养育,培养;提出,呕吐bring back 带回，归还，使记起，恢复bring back to life使复生；使复活bring out 使出现或开放；生产，出版，推出，使某事清楚明白，阐明；使显现出（优良品质），诱导出bring down使下降，使减价，使倒下bring forward 提出 bring along 拿来，带来burstburst into 突然闯入，突然开始+nburst into laughter突然笑起来burst out 突然发生，突然爆发+doingburst forth 突然出现或发生burst in 突然插嘴，打断by介词by 可表示“凭，靠”；“就而言，按”；“因为，由于”等。by和名词构成的短语1) by 表示“凭，靠”： by skill 凭技术 pay by cash 凭现金支付by appointment 凭预约 learn by rote 死记硬背teach by example 身教 by invitation 凭请柬by air 乘坐飞机 by hand 手工by intuition 凭直觉 by analysis 凭分析by all means 用尽一切办法 by no means 决不，根本不 (置于句首,句子倒装)by means of 用，依靠 by way of 通过的方法by arrangement 通过安排 by contrast 对比之下by force 用武力by road 乘坐汽车，由公路by plane/train/sea by ones estimate 据某人估计2) by表示“ 就而言，按”： by birth 按出身 by profession 按职业来说 by trade按职业by nature 生来by blood 按血统 by origin 就来源而言by education 按所受教育 by religion 按宗教来说by definition 根据定义 3) by表示“因所致，由于”： by chance 偶然，碰巧 by accident 偶然，碰巧by mistake 由于错误 by luck 由于运气好by design 由于谋划 by good fortune 由于运气好by reason of 由于 by virtue of 由于，借助by necessity 必然地，不可避免地callcall for 要求，需要，值得；（顺路）去接，去取call on/at =drop in(on sb/at a place)拜访call forth 发挥，唤起，引起，拿出call /drop (in) on 拜访（某人）call on sb to do号召，请求恳求要求=appeal to sb for/to do call off 取消，停止call in 下令或请求收回call up 打电话给；使忆起；征召入伍checkunable to check ones laughter, tears, anger 控制不住笑声 眼泪 愤怒.=hold backcheck in (at.); check into.（住旅馆或登机等）办理登记手续check out (of.)办理旅馆付帐及退房手续comecome about 发生，产生，造成come across （偶然）遇到，发现come along 到达; 出现;生长，改善come down to 可归结为come in时兴; 流行; 时髦; （在一年的某一时间）有（货）; 可以买到; （指新闻 报道等）被电视台/报社等收到come into being出现，形成come （in）to power执政, 当权, 上台come into existence=existcome into effect 实施，生效come into view 出现在眼前, 进入视线come out指太阳 月亮或星星）露出, 出现，（指花朵等）开始长出, 吐艳, 开花;出版或发表，（指消息 真相等）周知, 传出come to 共计为某数；达到某种（通常为坏的）情况或状态，谈到，苏醒;涉及，谈到come to an end=end come to a stop=stopcome to a better understanding=understand bettercome to an agreementcome to nothing毫无结果; 完全失败(sth) come to light(throw/cast light on sth) 显露, 出现, 为众人所知come（back）to life/oneself恢复生机；苏醒come up 长出地面；升起；发生，出现=arise/occur（话题等）被提出,被讨论come up with 赶上，提出，想出come upon （偶然）发生，遇见how come (.)?怎麽发生的?（某事物）怎样解释?cutcut across, along, through穿过（某地）尤指抄近路cut down 砍倒,使倒下;杀死,夺去某人生命;削减，压缩，减价cut up 劈碎，切碎；毁掉；使伤心cut in 插嘴，打岔；超车抢道cut off 切断，停止供应（水煤电气等）；与外界隔绝cut out 切成 剪成 砍出或开辟出；裁剪；去掉或省略某事物；停止做，使用或消耗某物be cut out for sth; be cut out to be sth有（做）某事所需要的素质和才能;（指两人）相当, 相配diedie away 减弱（以至察觉不到）; 淡化The noise /breeze died away in the distance声音,光线,风等渐弱,渐息die down（火,兴奋,暴风雨,光线,声音等）渐弱，渐息flames, storms, pain dying down 火焰越来越小,风暴渐渐减弱,疼痛逐渐消失These rumours will soon die down. 这些谣言不久就会逐渐消失die off( 家族、种族)等相继死亡,(草木)先后枯死die out 灭绝,逐渐消失,熄灭;（指习俗,做法等）消失,过时dodo well in在某方面做得好do good to对有好处do harm to对有害处do with处理;需要/希望得到；忍受（用what提问）do without不用或没有某人/某事物也行do sba favour帮某人的忙do up固定住，扣，绑，包，捆，扎；重新装饰Can you lend me some money? Certainly will 10 do? 足够或能满足（某人/某事物的需要）be/have to do with 与有联系或有关系have (got) something, nothing, a lot, etc to do with sb/sth 与某人某事物有一点、没有、有很大关系drawdraw in/into the station（向某方向移动）draw my chair up 拉, 拖, 牵引draw a file from a drawer抽出 拔出或拉出draw back (from sth/doing sth)撤回, 取消（尤因无把握或不安）draw in（指白天的时间）渐短draw out（指白天的时间）渐长；draw sb out鼓励某人说话 draw sth out将（事情等）拖长draw up (of a vehicle) come to a stop车辆等停下来draw/attract/catch(ones)attention to引起对关注draw sth up 草拟或写出（如合同, 名单）draw a conclusion获取, 汲取（知识/ 经验/结论）drivedrive sb off开车送走 drive sb/sth off击败, 击退drive sb crazy/mad/desperate将某人逼疯/绝望drive sb to do逼得做Hunger drove her to steal. dropdrop by/in/over/round; drop in on sb; drop into sth 偶然访问（某人或某地）; 顺便走访drop into 偶然进入，（不知不觉）陷入drop off 打瞌睡，（让）下车，（数量,兴趣等）减低drop out(of sth)（从活动,竞赛等中）退出；中途退学drop sb a line 给某人写信（通常指短信）endcome to an end结束put an end to 结束on end竖起; 连续(in a row)in the end终于; 最后end up doing以结束;最终end up with/in/as最终end in a failure/a success/a tie以失败/成功/平局 结束make both ends meet收支相抵Even if none of this is true for us today，it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability以告终 If you drive your calf like that，you11 end up in hospital.最后(有某种结局)，最后(成了)The politician finally ended up his speech.结束We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee以而结束It rained for three days on end.一连We must put an end to this foolish behaviour. Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet./The meeting came to an end at last.结束getget away 离开，逃离( from )离开，从离开get away with (doing sth)不因某事受惩罚;携潜逃get across（使）传播或为人理解，使明白get on ( (= get along) (尤接副词或疑问句的how之后)过日子; 进展; 进步；出人头地；对付，应付get along well with 某事进展顺利；与相处融洽get around/about/round 四处走,活动,谣言等传开get round 顺利应付，克服，说服某人同意原先反对的事 get by（on） 设法生活，勉强度日get down to sth/doing sth 重视某事; 认真处理get sb down（使某人）沮丧或情绪低落get sth down（费力地）吞咽某物; 记下或录下get in 进入，上车，收集，收获get on 上（车、飞机、马），进展,相处融洽get off 下（车、飞机、马）get over 越/跨过；克服，战胜；恢复健康/常态get out 出去，拿出get through 穿越;通过(考试；建议等)；吃完，用完，做完，完成（with）get (sb) anywhere/somewhere/nowhere使某人）有所成就毫无成就或有进展/无进展get there ：Im sure youll get there in the end. 我相信你最终能成功. get rid of摆脱givegive away 赠送;颁发;放弃,由于大意未抓住机会;泄露 give back 归还;恢复 give in 让步，屈服；呈交 give up 放弃，戒除 give off 散发出give out 分发;发出;发布/广播或宣布;用尽,筋疲力尽give over （doing）停止 give rise to=lead to=result in=cause导致 give way to 让路；让步give birth to生下；孕育give and take互相容让迁就gogo all out for sth/ to do sth 竭尽全力以获得某事物或做某事go about sth/doing sth : approach or tackle sth; set about sth; get down to sth 处理某事; 着手某事; 继续做go after 追踪，追逐；追求go against 抵抗或反对;对某人不利;违背go by 时间流逝,机会失去; 遵照或依照某事物go down下降，下沉：倒地;船沉;（指日 月）落下, 没入地平线;（食物和饮料）咽下;（体积/水平/价格/温度等）减小, 降低,风减弱, 减缓，质量下降; 恶化go far/go a long way:become very successful 成功go for 适用于,应用于;攻击某人;找来某人/物;喜欢go in for 参加（竞赛、考试）；选择做职业；爱好go off开火; 爆炸;突然发出巨响; 发出声音;（指电力）中断; （指电灯等）熄灭;变质;恶化;与副词连用或用於疑问句中的how之後)以某种方式进行或发生The performance went off well. 演出很成功. go on发生；继续 go out 熄灭；播放；宣布, 发布, 发表, 刊登 go over检查;研究或温习go through 法律,法案等被正式通过或接受; 仔细或系统地研究或检查; 经历,忍受或遭受某事物; 用光或消耗某物; 做完某事物go up兴建;烧毁,炸毁;（价格/水平等）上升, 增长go with与某事物协调;相伴共存go hand in hand with和某事息息相关go without 没有而将就，没有也可生活handhand out分发 hand down流传hand over移交 hand in上交 have/take a hand in sth 参与或介入某事物; 对某事物有一定责任at hand（空间或时间上）接近；手头上;即将发生in hand（钱等）在手上；处理中；得到控制on hand =available随时可用的by hand 手工做，亲自（专人）送give sb a hand帮某人忙on the one handon the other hand一方面,另一方面put/lay ones hands on 找到havehave an advantage over sb 比sb有优势have an appetite for 渴望have difficulty/some problems with/(in) doing做有困难have(deep)effects on对有(深远)影响have an eye for对有鉴赏/别力;有眼力;有眼光have great fun doing=enjoyhave a gift/talent for对有天赋have a preference for喜爱，偏爱have a tendency to趋向于；往往tend to doholdhold back退缩，踌躇，犹豫；阻碍（发展）;扣住，保留，抑制（保守秘密，不走漏消息，抑制情感）hold down 压制，使保持低水平hold on 坚持，（电话）别挂断hold on to 紧紧抓住，不放弃（所有权）hold out 伸出，坚持，抱有（希望）hold over 延迟hold up举起,举作为范例；阻滞交通等,延误；武力抢劫hold on (a) wait or stop 等一下; 停住: Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. 停一停, 让我喘口气. (b) survive in a difficult or dangerous situation; hang on 坚持住: They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来. I dont think I can hold on much longer. 我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了. hold on (to sb/sth): (a)keep grasping or gripping sb/sth; not let go of sb/sth 抓住或握住某人某物: He held on (to the rock) to stop himself slipping. 他紧紧抓住（岩石）以免自己往下滑. (b) not give or sell sth to sb else 不把某物给予或售予他人You should hold on to your oil shares. Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment. hold up举起，拿起，支持，支撑；举某人某事物作为范例；阻碍或延误 Shes always holding up her children as models of behaviour. Our flight was held up by fog. 我们的班机因有雾而停航. hold up a bank 抢劫银行hold back 1)踌躇: She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她踌躇着, 不知该怎样宣布这一坏消息. 2)阻止或妨碍某人的进步或发展 ；3)阻止 阻挡 控制或限制某人某事物;抑制情感 The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters. 水坝不太坚固, 挡不住洪水I think hes holding sth back; he knows more than he admits. 我认为他有所隐瞒, 他知道的比他承认的要多. She just managed to hold back her anger. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪. * He bravely held back his tears. hold out 伸出;维持，保持;提供机会，使有可能(I)She held back,not knowing what to do or say.犹豫(2)Dont hold anything back，you must tell me everything隐瞒，不公布 (3)If they hadnt held him back，he would have beaten you阻碍，阻止 (4)I made my choice and l wiIl hold on to the end坚持(下去) (5)He asked me to hold on while heleft the telephone to find a pencil别挂(电话) (6)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty?坚持(抵抗)， 顶住(压力) (7)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.举起(8)hold office任职held ones position担任某个职位hold an opinion(idea)持有看法、观点(9)hold：keep sb.sth. in a particuhr manner or position使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置(10)They held their heads up and walked into the hall.趾高气扬(11)Please held yourself still while I take your photograph.保持不动(12)He held a cigarette between his lips.他的嘴上叼着香烟。(13)A lot of cars were held up in the accident.使耽搁in+名词+介词in exchange for 作为对的交换in return for 作为的报答in addition to 加之，除之外in contrast to(with) 与形成对比in reply to作为对的回报（答复）in(with)reference to关于in preparation for为作准备in answer to回答，响应in response to 回答，响应in(with) regard to 关于in common with与一样in need/want of需要in favor of 支持in praise of 赞扬，表扬in honor of为了纪念；对表示敬意in （the） face of 面对in hope of 希望in search of寻找in charge of负责，管理in memory of为了纪念in line with符合;和一致keepkeep away （from）使不靠近keep back 阻止，抑制，忍住（眼泪）；扣留（钱）；隐瞒，keep body and soul together 维持生活 keep / bear in mind 记住，想着keep off不吃（喝）;雨 雪等）未下;不接近或不接触;不提（某话题）; 避免keep on 继续 keep out 使不入内，使留在外面keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事keep to 不离开；遵守,信守keepto oneself 不把告诉别人，不与人交往keep up 雨 雪 好天气等）持续不停；保持（高水平），维持；维修；继续（某活动），沿袭； keep up with 跟上，不落后于;及时了解（情况）keep up with the Joneses要在地位和物质方面比得上周围的人keep ones word/promise遵守诺言keep in touch with与保持联系keep silent保持沉默keep ones distance (from sb/sth)（与某人某事物）保持一定距离;对冷淡, 疏远knockknock about/around 接连碰撞,漫游,闲逛knock on/at 敲knock against 撞、打在上knock off 停止（工作），减价knock into 撞上，遇见knock down 撞倒knock over 撞翻，打翻laylay off （暂时）解雇;停止lay aside 把放在一边;储存;抛弃或放弃某事lay down 放下，铺设（铁路）；制定规则、原则lay out 花费；摆开看，陈列；布置，设计，安排；leaveleave/let sb/sth alone/be：not disturb or interfere with sb/sth 不打扰或不干预leave /let go/hold (of sth) 松开leave a lot, much, something, nothing to be desired ：be very (un)satisfactory令人极/不满意leave sb/sth behind 忘记带某人某物;留下行为/事件的痕迹leave off 停止做；不再穿leave out 省去，遗漏，忽视，不考虑leave over延期，暂时搁置letletalone/be对某人/某事放任不管/置之不理let alone 更不用说let sb. down 让某人失望,辜负期望(not live up to ones expectation)；把(衣服)加长,放大let in 把某人/某物放入, 允许进入；容许, 许可let sb./sth. off免除（责任，处分等）；不强迫；放(枪, 炮等), 使爆炸let out发出（声音），放出, 释放；泄露, 使知道 let sb/sth go /let go of 松开；释放let us say=say=for example 比如，例如livelive up to 依照某事物行事; 表现出符合某事物的标准;不辜负: live up to his principles, his reputation, his parents expectations 遵守自己的原则 符合个人的声誉 不辜负父母的期望live with 忍受，接受，与住在一起live with the fact/disease忍受现实、疾病live on继续生活或存在live on sth以为主食，靠生活live through =survive度过而不死，活过looklook sb up and down上下仔细地或轻蔑地打量某人l