高中英语高频短语及精练.doc

高中英语高频短语及精练
add
add sth in包括某事物; 把某物加进去
add sth on (to sth)包括或附加某事物
add to sth 、increase sth 增加某事物
add (sth) up加起来
add up to sth (a)= amount to sth 总计共达: These numbers add up to 100. 这些数目合计为100.
(b) be equivalent to sth; indicate sth 相等于某事物; 意为某事物: These clues don't really add up to very much这些线索没什么实际意义.
at
at ease自在；舒适而无忧虑 put sb at ease
stand at attention/ease立正、稍息
at issue：在讨论中的
at large：一般的；逍遥法外的;未被捕获的
at length：详细地in detail；at last
at present 目前，现在
at random：随意地
at all risks无论冒什么危险
at risk 有危险; 冒风险
at the risk of冒可能（做某事）的危险
at a loss亏本；茫然，不知所措=at sea茫然
at first sight (=at first glance) 乍一看;初见之下
at sight（of）一见(…) on sb’s doing
at a speed of以...的速度at full speed以全速
at will：任意地
at stake在危险中;危如累卵
at the expense/cost of由...付费 at the cost of代价
at war处于交战状态
on/upon (one's) arrival at一到达...就..
at the top of one’s voice高声地
be
be doing/about to do sth when
be accused of被控犯了⋯⋯罪;被指责…
be charged with 充满了⋯⋯；被控犯了⋯⋯罪
be annoyed with sb．at／for 对某人因⋯⋯而生气
be aware of知道，意识到
be known as／be famous as作为……而闻名
be known for因……而出名
be known to sb为……所熟知
be tired of/with/be fed up with对…感到厌烦，腻了     
be surprised / amazed/ shocked / astonished / at
be acquainted with与…熟识
be connected with与……有关系be related to ,be associated with, be involved in,linked ,concerned
be content with/to do/ be satisfied with对…满足
be burdened with承受重负
be buried in埋头于
 It/sth is convenient for sb to do 某人方便做…
be covered with为…所覆盖be crowded with挤满be filled (up) with充满be packed with塞满，挤满，充满 be lined with 成排排列
be dressed in穿着 =wear
be eager for sth /to do渴望
be engaged in sth从事，忙于(=be occupied in/be busy with /in doing sth= be employed in )
be engaged to与……订婚be married to与……结婚
be equipped with装备；（知识，技能等）准备
be equal to sth相等；能胜任
be exposed to暴露于；置身于
be qualified to do／for能胜任、能做⋯⋯
be fit to do／be fit for胜任；适合于
be experienced in对……有经验
be furnished with提供家具，布置
be meant／intended for/to do打算给，打算用作
be prepared for /to do准备好
be proud of以……骄傲=take pride in
be used/accustomed to sth／doing sth．习惯于…
be up to应由…决定；某人忙…;能胜任…
be absorbed in全神贯注于be lost in 沉浸在
be addicted to沉迷于be devoted to致力于；热爱
be delivered of 生下（孩子）=give birth to
be composed of由⋯组成be made up of/consist of
be faced with 面对⋯⋯(困难)
be caught in (a rain; a traffic jam; the earthquake) 遇上（雨，堵塞,地震等）
be attached to粘，贴；附属于；依恋
be infected with 传染、感染上
be diagnosed with被诊断患…
be mixed up in sth．／with sb．与人或事有牵连
be reduced to 被迫得⋯⋯
be relieved＋to do/of 因⋯感到宽慰;被免除,免去⋯
be restricted in／to／within 被限制在⋯⋯
be rooted in 扎根于⋯⋯
be surrounded by／with 被⋯⋯围住、包围
be suspected of 被怀疑有⋯⋯行为
be touched by 被⋯⋯所感动
(sb.)be familiar with /(sth.) be familiar to sb.
be open to 对…开放;乐于接受
be to blame for sth对某事负责
be(just)around the corner即将到来=be on the way They claimed that recovery was just around the corner．
 be better off 境况好；更富有
be bound to 一定会…，必然…           
be capable of 有做出(某事)倾向的        
be careful with 对…小心／认真
be cross with sb. at sth. 因某事和..发脾气
be curious about 对…感到好奇               
be deaf /blind to sth. 对…充耳不闻
be determined to do sth 决意/ 决心做某事   
be jealous of sb嫉妒某人
be keen on  喜爱,渴望 be into/be fond of                  
be located /situated in 位于…，坐落在…
be marked with 被标上…记号,典型特征            
be strict with sb. in sth. 对…要求严格          
be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done
=be worth doing.值得做
break
break down 毁掉，分解，（机器等）出故障，（车辆等）抛锚，（身体）出毛病，垮掉，（计划等）失败，中断
break up驱散，破裂，解体，垮掉，结束
break in 闯入，打岔
break into 闯入，突然发出（做出）
break into tears / laughter 突然大哭 / 大笑
break out 爆发，突然发生
break off 折断，断掉，中断
break through 突破；取得突破
break away from 挣脱开…而逃走，与…断绝关系
bring
bring about 引起= cause=lead to =contribute to=give rise to=result in
bring in 引进(人才，技术),赚取，有好收成；逮捕
bring on 引起,导致，促进bring up养育,培养;提出,呕吐
bring back 带回，归还，使记起，恢复
bring back to life使复生；使复活
bring out 使出现或开放；生产，出版，推出，使某事清楚明白，阐明；使显现出（优良品质），诱导出
bring down使下降，使减价，使倒下
bring forward 提出 bring along 拿来，带来
burst
burst into 突然闯入，突然开始+n
burst into laughter突然笑起来
burst out 突然发生，突然爆发+doing
burst forth 突然出现或发生
burst in 突然插嘴，打断
by
介词by 可表示①“凭，靠”；②“就……而言，按”；③“因为，由于”等。by和名词构成的短语
1) by 表示“凭，靠”：
by skill 凭技术 pay by cash 凭现金支付
by appointment 凭预约 learn by rote 死记硬背teach by example 身教 by invitation 凭请柬
by air 乘坐飞机 by hand 手工
by intuition 凭直觉 by analysis 凭分析
by all means 用尽一切办法
by no means 决不，根本不 (置于句首,句子倒装)
by means of 用，依靠 by way of 通过…的方法
by arrangement 通过安排 by contrast 对比之下
by force 用武力by road 乘坐汽车，由公路by plane/train/sea by one’s estimate 据某人估计
2) by表示“ 就……而言，按”：
by birth 按出身 by profession 按职业来说
by trade按职业by nature 生来by blood 按血统 by origin 就来源而言by education 按所受教育 by religion 按宗教来说by definition 根据定义 3) by表示“因……所致，由于”：
by chance 偶然，碰巧 by accident 偶然，碰巧
by mistake 由于错误 by luck 由于运气好
by design 由于谋划 by good fortune 由于运气好
by reason of 由于 by virtue of 由于，借助
by necessity 必然地，不可避免地
call
call for 要求，需要，值得；（顺路）去接，去取
call on/at =drop in(on sb/at a place)拜访…
call forth 发挥，唤起，引起，拿出
call /drop (in) on 拜访（某人）
call on sb to do号召，请求恳求要求=appeal to sb for/to do call off 取消，停止call in 下令或请求收回
call up 打电话给；使忆起；征召入伍
check
unable to check one's laughter, tears, anger 控制不住笑声﹑ 眼泪﹑ 愤怒.=hold back
check in (at...); check into...（住旅馆或登机等）办理登记手续
check out (of...)办理旅馆付帐及退房手续
come
come about 发生，产生，造成
come across （偶然）遇到，发现
come along 到达; 出现;生长，改善
come down to 可归结为
come in时兴; 流行; 时髦; （在一年的某一时间）有（货）; 可以买到; （指新闻﹑ 报道等）被电视台/报社等收到
come into being出现，形成
come （in）to power执政, 当权, 上台
come into existence=exist
come into effect  实施，生效
come into view 出现在眼前, 进入视线
come out指太阳﹑ 月亮或星星）露出, 出现，（指花朵等）开始长出, 吐艳, 开花;出版或发表，（指消息﹑ 真相等）周知, 传出
come to 共计为某数；达到某种（通常为坏的）情况或状态，谈到，苏醒;涉及，谈到
come to an end=end come to a stop=stop
come to a better understanding=understand better
come to an agreement
come to nothing毫无结果; 完全失败
(sth) come to light(throw/cast light on sth)
显露, 出现, 为众人所知
come（back）to life/oneself恢复生机；苏醒
come up 长出地面；升起；发生，出现=arise/occur
（话题等）被提出,被讨论
come up with 赶上，提出，想出
come upon （偶然）发生，遇见
how come (...)?怎麽发生的?（某事物）怎样解释?
cut
cut across, along, through穿过（某地）尤指抄近路
cut down 砍倒,使倒下;杀死,夺去某人生命;削减，压缩，减价
cut up 劈碎，切碎；毁掉；使伤心
cut in 插嘴，打岔；超车抢道
cut off 切断，停止供应（水煤电气等）；与外界隔绝
cut out 切成﹑ 剪成﹑ 砍出或开辟出；裁剪；去掉或省略某事物；停止做，使用或消耗某物
be cut out for sth; be cut out to be sth有（做）某事所需要的素质和才能;（指两人）相当, 相配
die
die away 减弱（以至察觉不到）; 淡化
The noise /breeze died away in the distance声音,光线,风等渐弱,渐息
die down（火,兴奋,暴风雨,光线,声音等）渐弱，渐息flames, storms, pain dying down 火焰越来越小,风暴渐渐减弱,疼痛逐渐消失These rumours will soon die down. 这些谣言不久就会逐渐消失
die off( 家族、种族)等相继死亡,(草木)先后枯死
die out 灭绝,逐渐消失,熄灭;（指习俗,做法等）消失,过时
do
do well in在某方面做得好do good to对…有好处
do harm to对……有害处
do with处理;需要/希望得到；忍受（用what提问）
do without不用或没有某人/某事物也行
do sb．a favour帮某人的忙
do up固定住，扣，绑，包，捆，扎；重新装饰
Can you lend me some money?' `Certainly will 10
do? 足够或能满足（某人/某事物的需要）
be/have to do with …与…有联系或有关系
have (got) something, nothing, a lot, etc to do with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有一点、没有、有很大关系
draw
draw in/into the station（向某方向移动）
draw my chair up 拉, 拖, 牵引
draw a file from a drawer抽出﹑ 拔出或拉出
draw back (from sth/doing sth)
撤回, 取消（尤因无把握或不安）
draw in（指白天的时间）渐短
draw out（指白天的时间）渐长；draw sb out鼓励某人说话 draw sth out将（事情等）拖长
draw up (of a vehicle) come to a stop车辆等停下来
draw/attract/catch(one’s)attention to引起…对…关注
draw sth up 草拟或写出（如合同, 名单）
draw a conclusion获取, 汲取（知识/ 经验/结论）
drive
drive sb off开车送走 drive sb/sth off击败, 击退
drive sb crazy/mad/desperate将某人逼疯/绝望
drive sb to do逼得…做Hunger drove her to steal. drop
drop by/in/over/round; drop in on sb; drop into
sth 偶然访问（某人或某地）; 顺便走访
drop into 偶然进入，（不知不觉）陷入
drop off 打瞌睡，（让…）下车，（数量,兴趣等）减低
drop out(of sth)（从活动,竞赛等中）退出；中途退学
drop sb a line 给某人写信（通常指短信）
end
come to an end…结束put an end to 结束…
on end竖起; 连续(in a row)
in the end终于; 最后
end up doing…以……结束;最终end up with/in/as最终end in a failure/a success/a tie以失败/成功/平局 结束
make both ends meet收支相抵
Even if none of this is true for us today，it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability．以……告终 If you drive your calf like that，you’11 end up in hospital.最后(有某种结局)，最后(成了)The politician finally ended up his speech.结束We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee．以……而结束It rained for three days on end.一连We must put an end to this foolish behaviour. Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet./The meeting came to an end at last.结束
get
get away 离开，逃离( from )离开，从……离开
get away with (doing sth)不因某事受惩罚;携…潜逃
get across（使…）传播或为人理解，使…明白
get on ( (= get along) (尤接副词或疑问句的how之后)过日子; 进展; 进步；出人头地；对付，应付
get along well with 某事进展顺利；与…相处融洽
get around/about/round 四处走,活动,谣言等传开
get round 顺利应付，克服，说服某人同意原先反
对的事 get by（on…） 设法生活，勉强度日
get down to sth/doing sth 重视某事; 认真处理
get sb down（使某人）沮丧或情绪低落
get sth down（费力地）吞咽某物; 记下或录下
get in 进入，上车，收集，收获
get on 上（车、飞机、马），进展,相处融洽
get off 下（车、飞机、马）
get over 越/跨过；克服，战胜；恢复健康/常态
get out 出去，拿出
get through 穿越;通过(考试；建议等)；吃完，用完，做完，完成（with）
get (sb) anywhere/somewhere/nowhere使某人）有所成就[毫无成就]或[有进展/无进展]
get there ：I'm sure you'll get there in the end. 我相信你最终能成功. get rid of摆脱
givegive away 赠送;颁发;放弃,由于大意未抓住机会;泄露 give back 归还;恢复 give in 让步，屈服；呈交 give up 放弃，戒除 give off 散发出
give out 分发;发出;发布/广播或宣布;用尽,筋疲力尽
give over （doing）停止 give rise to=lead to=
result in=cause导致 give way to 让路；让步
give birth to生下；孕育give and take互相容让迁就
go
go all out for sth/ to do sth 竭尽全力以获得某事物或做某事
go about sth/doing sth : approach or tackle sth; set about sth; get down to sth
处理某事; 着手某事; 继续做…
go after 追踪，追逐；追求
go against 抵抗或反对;对某人不利;违背
go by 时间流逝,机会失去; 遵照或依照某事物
go down下降，下沉：倒地;船沉;（指日﹑ 月）落下, 没入地平线;（食物和饮料）咽下;（体积/水平/价格/温度等）减小, 降低,风减弱, 减缓，质量下降; 恶化
go far/go a long way:become very successful 成功
go for 适用于,应用于;攻击某人;找来某人/物;喜欢
go in for 参加（竞赛、考试）；选择…做职业；爱好
go off开火; 爆炸;突然发出巨响; 发出声音;（指电力）中断; （指电灯等）熄灭;变质;恶化;与副词连用或用於疑问句中的how之後)以某种方式进行或发生The performance went off well. 演出很成功.
go on发生；继续 go out 熄灭；播放；宣布, 发布, 发表, 刊登 go over检查;研究或温习
go through 法律,法案等被正式通过或接受; 仔细或系统地研究或检查; 经历,忍受或遭受某事物; 用光或消耗某物; 做完某事物
go up兴建;烧毁,炸毁;（价格/水平等）上升, 增长
go with与某事物协调;相伴共存
go hand in hand with和某事息息相关
go without 没有…而将就，没有…也可生活
handhand out分发 hand down流传
hand over移交 hand in上交 have/take a hand in sth 参与或介入某事物; 对某事物有一定责任
at hand（空间或时间上）接近；手头上;即将发生
in hand（钱等）在手上；处理中；得到控制
on hand =available随时可用的
by hand 手工做，亲自（专人）送
give sb a hand帮某人忙
on the one hand…on the other hand一方面,另一方面
put/lay one’s hands on 找到
have
have an advantage over sb 比sb有优势
have an appetite for 渴望
have difficulty/some problems with/(in) doing
做…有困难
have(deep)effects on对…有(深远)影响
have an eye for对…有鉴赏/别力;有眼力;有眼光
have great fun doing=enjoy
have a gift/talent for对…有天赋
have a preference for喜爱，偏爱
have a tendency to趋向于；往往tend to do
hold
hold back退缩，踌躇，犹豫；阻碍（发展）;扣住，保留，抑制（保守秘密，不走漏消息，抑制情感）
hold down 压制，使保持低水平
hold on 坚持，（电话）别挂断
hold on to 紧紧抓住，不放弃（所有权）
hold out 伸出，坚持，抱有（希望）
hold over 延迟
hold up举起,举…作为范例；阻滞交通等,延误；武力抢劫
hold on (a) wait or stop 等一下; 停住: Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. 停一停, 让我喘口气. (b) survive in a difficult or dangerous situation; hang on 坚持住: They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来. I don't think I can hold on much longer. 我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了. hold on (to sb/sth): (a)keep grasping or gripping sb/sth; not let go of sb/sth 抓住或握住某人[某物]: He held on (to the rock) to stop himself slipping. 他紧紧抓住（岩石）以免自己往下滑. (b) not give or sell sth to sb else 不把某物给予或售予他人You should hold on to your oil shares. I'd hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
hold up举起，拿起，支持，支撑；举某人[某事物]作为范例；阻碍或延误 She's always holding up her children as models of behaviour. Our flight was held up by fog. 我们的班机因有雾而停航. hold up a bank 抢劫银行
hold back 1)踌躇: She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她踌躇着, 不知该怎样宣布这一坏消息. 2)阻止或妨碍某人的进步或发展 ；3)阻止﹑ 阻挡﹑ 控制或限制某人[某事物];抑制情感 The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters. 水坝不太坚固, 挡不住洪水I think he's holding sth back; he knows more than he admits. 我认为他有所隐瞒, 他知道的比他承认的要多. She just managed to hold back her anger. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪. * He bravely held back his tears.
hold out 伸出;维持，保持;提供机会，使…有可能
(I)She held back,not knowing what to do or say.犹豫(2)Don’t hold anything back，you must tell me everything．隐瞒，不公布 (3)If they hadn’t held him back，he would have beaten you．阻碍，阻止 (4)I made my choice and l wiIl hold on to the end．坚持(下去) (5)He asked me to hold on while heleft the telephone to find a pencil．别挂(电话) (6)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty?坚持(抵抗)， 顶住(压力) (7)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.举起(8)hold office任职／held one’s position担任某个职位／hold an opinion(idea)持有…看法、观点(9)hold：keep sb.／sth. in a particuhr manner or position使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置
(10)They held their heads up and walked into the hall.趾高气扬(11)Please held yourself still while I take your photograph.保持不动(12)He held a cigarette between his lips.他的嘴上叼着香烟。
(13)A lot of cars were held up in the accident.使耽搁
in+名词+介词
in exchange for 作为对……的交换
in return for 作为……的报答
in addition to 加之，除……之外
in contrast to(with) 与……形成对比
in reply to作为对……的回报（答复）
in(with)reference to关于
in preparation for为……作准备
in answer to回答，响应
in response to 回答，响应
in(with) regard to 关于
in common with与…一样
in need/want of需要in favor of 支持
in praise of 赞扬，表扬
in honor of为了纪念；对…表示敬意
in （the） face of 面对in hope of 希望
in search of寻找in charge of负责，管理
in memory of为了纪念in line with…符合;和…一致
keep
keep … away （from）使不靠近
keep back 阻止，抑制，忍住（眼泪）；扣留（钱）；隐瞒，
keep body and soul together 维持生活
keep / bear in mind 记住，想着
keep off不吃（喝）;雨﹑ 雪等）未下;不接近或不接触;不提（某话题）; 避免
keep on 继续 keep out 使不入内，使留在外面
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep to 不离开；遵守,信守
keep…to oneself 不把……告诉别人，不与人交往
keep up 雨﹑ 雪﹑ 好天气等）持续不停；保持（高水平），维持；维修；继续（某活动），沿袭；
keep up with 跟上，不落后于;及时了解（情况）
keep up with the Joneses
要在地位和物质方面比得上周围的人
keep one’s word/promise遵守诺言
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep silent保持沉默
keep one's distance (from sb/sth)
（与某人[某事物]）保持一定距离;对…冷淡, 疏远
knock
knock about/around 接连碰撞,漫游,闲逛
knock on/at 敲knock against 撞、打在……上
knock off 停止（工作），减价knock into 撞上，遇见
knock down 撞倒knock over 撞翻，打翻
lay
lay off （暂时）解雇;停止
lay aside 把…放在一边;储存;抛弃或放弃某事
lay down 放下，铺设（铁路）；制定规则、原则
lay out 花费；摆开看，陈列；布置，设计，安排；
leave
leave/let sb/sth alone/be：not disturb or interfere with sb/sth 不打扰或不干预…
leave /let go/hold (of sth) 松开
leave a lot, much, something, nothing to be desired ：be very (un)satisfactory令人极/不满意
leave sb/sth behind 忘记带某人[某物];留下…行为/事件的痕迹leave off 停止做；不再穿
leave out 省去，遗漏，忽视，不考虑
leave over延期，暂时搁置
let
let…alone/be对某人/某事放任不管/置之不理
let alone 更不用说let sb. down 让某人失望,辜负期望(not live up to one’s expectation)；把(衣服)加长,放大let in 把某人/某物放入, 允许进入；容许, 许可let sb./sth. off免除（责任，处分等）；不强迫；放(枪, 炮等), 使爆炸let out发出（声音），放出, 释放；泄露, 使知道 let sb/sth go /let go of 松开；释放let us say=say=for example 比如，例如
live
live up to 依照某事物行事; 表现出符合某事物的标准;不辜负: live up to his principles, his reputation, his parents' expectations 遵守自己的原则﹑ 符合个人的声誉﹑ 不辜负父母的期望
live with 忍受，接受，与……住在一起
live with the fact/disease忍受现实、疾病
live on继续生活或存在
live on sth以…为主食，靠……生活
live through =survive度过……而不死，活过
look
look sb up and down上下仔细地或轻蔑地打量某人
l