中考英语专题复习---连词.doc

连词
中考英语对连词考查的重点集中在以下两个方面：一是连接两个词或连接两个并列句时并列连词的选择，此类题型要求我们必须确切地理解句子的意义，在此基础上确定词与词之间及两个分句之间的关系，从而确定出正确的并列连词；二是对从属连词的考查侧重和从句的理解相联系，对应句子或上下文，正确把握从属连词。
连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词的用法： 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。

1．表示平行或对等关系的并列连词
and和both...and...两者都…… neither...nor...既不……也不……
not only...but(also)．..不但……而且…… as well as 也 ； 和
when就在这时，突然……
We were singing and dancing all evening. 整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。
Tom and Lily like drawing.汤姆和莉莉都喜欢画画。
Lin Ping as well as his classmates likes watching TV.林平和他的同班同学都喜欢看电视。
Neither my parents nor my sister has been to Guangzhou. 我父母和我妹妹都没去过广州。
This apple is big and red. Would you like fish or beef?
I said it and I meant it. 我说话算数。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。
Hold on to your dream，and one day it may just come true.
坚持你的梦想，总有一天它会实现。
Yesterday evening I was playing the piano when the doorbell rang.
昨天晚上，当电话铃响的时候我正在弹钢琴。
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。
2．表示转折关系的并列连词
①but , yet和while的用法：
He tried his best but failed. 他尽力了，但还是失败了.
The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。
It's a beautiful place，but there were so many people there that I couldn't find a proper place to take photos.它是一个漂亮的地方，但是有太多的人以至于我不能找到合适的位置拍照。
It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。
I failed again, and yet I never give up.我又失败了，然而我绝不放弃。
like English while he likes math.我喜欢英语而他喜欢数学。
②however, still副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折"但是"或"然而"。
His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。
It's raining; still I'd like to go. 天在下雨，但我还是要去。
③词组all the same:
She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.
她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。
3．表示选择关系的并列连词
or或者；否则　　or else否则
not...but...不是……而是…… either...or...或者……或者……
Don't drive so fast or you'll have an accident. 别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。
When you are learning English，use it，or you will lose it.
当你学英语的时候，要用它，否则你就会丢了它。
The shoes don't fit me. They're either big or small.
这些鞋不适合我，它们不是大就是小。
Either he or I am to blame.不是他就是我该受责备。
Would you like tea or coffee？你要茶还是咖啡？
4．表示因果推理关系的并列连词
① for可以表示"因为"，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释或表示推测性的理由，不能置于两个并列分句的句首，只能放在两个分句的中间, 引导的从句只能位于句尾，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。
She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.
她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。
② so 表示结果，可译为"因此"、"所以"。
Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车
③ therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---"因此"，可放句前：
He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。
5、就近原则：
1）neither…nor… Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.
2）not only…but also… Not only you but also he likes football.
3）either…or… Either Jim or Peter is right.
4）not…but… Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.
注意：
(1)在并列结构中表示“和”的意思时，and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句。如：
There is no air or water on the moon. 月球上没有空气和水。
(2)当含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，要用and。如：
There is no air and no water on the moon.月球上没有空气和水。
(3)however 意为“然而，不过”，可放在句首、句中或句末，不能像 but 那样直接连接两个句子，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如：
(×)We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
(√)We all tried our best.However, we lost the game.
(√)We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
(4)not...but...意为“不是……而是……”。not 和 but 后面的词性要一致。如：
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
它们不是动物的遗骸，而是人的遗骸。
(5)so 表示“因此，所以”时，不能与 because 连用。如：
He worked hard, so he passed the exam. ＝Because he worked hard, he passed the exam.他努力学习，所以通过了考试。

从属连词的用法:
1．引导名词性从句的主要有that(无词义，可省略)，if和whether, whether…or not.
1）引导宾语从句的连词有that和if，whether（…or not）：
She always complains （that）he is down on her. 她老是抱怨他看不起她。
　 I don't know whether you like flowers (or not). 我不知道你喜不喜欢花。
He says (that) Jim will miss a lot of lessons.他说吉姆会错过很多课程。
whether（…or not）还可以引导主语从句：
Whether he will come to the dinner or not is still unknown.
2）在ask，wonder，not know, want to know，not be sure等后常用whether或if引导的宾语从句，而不用that从句。
The foreigner asked me if I could speak English.那个外国人问我是否会讲英语。
I'm not sure whether he will help me or not.我不敢肯定他是否会帮助我。
3）that和whether 还可以引导表语从句：
　 The fact is that he doesn't really try. 事实是他没有真正去努力。
The point is whether we ought to recommend him(or not). 问题是我们是否应当推荐他。
2.引导状语从句的从属连词：

1）引导时间状语从句的从属连词
主要有 when (当……时), while (当……时), as(当……时；一边……一边……), before(在……之前), after(在……之后), until(直到……), since (自从……), ever since
(从……以来), as soon as (一……就……),whenever (无论什么时候)
When the UFO landed, I was wal-king in the street.
＝The UFO landed while I was walking inthe street.当飞碟着陆的时候，我正在街上散步。
She didn't go to sleep until she finishedher homework.她直到做完了作业才去睡觉。
Don't get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。
It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。
I'll tell them after you leave. 我将在你走后告诉他们。
I arrived at the airport after the plane had taken off. 飞机起飞后我到达了飞机场。
until, till: I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。
How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了？
Whenever it is possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。
2）引导条件状语从句的从属连词：
主要有if(如果), unless(除非，如果不)= if …not…, as long as(只要)，
supposing(假设suppose)引导：
　 If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home.
　 I won't write unless he writes first. 我不写信，除非他先给我写。
　 You will always have a home as long as I have anything.
　　只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。
If you don't get up quickly, you won't catch the early bus.
＝Unless you get up quickly, you won't catch the early bus.
如果你不快点起床，你就赶不上早班车。
3）引导目的状语从句的从属连词：
主要有in order that，so that 以便……为了……
I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go for a holiday.
　　我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。
Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.
　　让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。
She sat in front so that she could hear the teacher clearly.
她坐在前面以便能听清楚老师的话。
4）引导结果状语从句的从属连词：
主要有so…that和such…that (如此……以至于……)：
He was so fat that he couldn't get through the door. 他胖得连门都过不去了。
Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.
　吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。
The mountain was so steep that few people reached the top.
这座山如此陡峭以至于很少有人能爬到顶峰。
Your brother is such a lovely boy that we all like him.
你的弟弟是一个如此可爱的男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。
5）引导原因状语从句的从属连词：
主要有because (因为), as (鉴于，由于), since(由于，既然)
Since you have a bad cold, you needn't go to school today.
既然你得了重感冒，你今天就不必去上学了。
Because it rained he took a taxi. 由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。
As you're sorry, I'll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。
Since you will go there, I will go too.
6）引导让步状语从句的从属连词：
主要有though/although (虽然，尽管)，evenif/though (即使)，
though/although 不能与 but 连用。如：
Though he is very tired, he is still practicing the piano.
＝He is very tired, but he is still practicing the piano.
尽管他非常累了，但他还在练习弹钢琴。
Though / Although it is not large, the room was light . 房间虽然不大，采光却很好。
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
7）引导方式状语从句的从属连词：
主要有as, like, as if/as though (仿佛，似乎，好像)
You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。
She can't draw like her sister can. 她不能像她姐姐那样画画。
He looked about as if / as though looking for something.
他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的
He looked so calm as if he didn't know it！
他看起来很镇定，好像他不知道那件事一样。
8）引导地点状语从句的从属连词：
where: I'll drive you where you're going. 你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。
wherever: We'll go wherever you say. 你说哪里我们就到哪里。
everywhere: Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion. 不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。
no matter where: Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are. 不管在哪里你都要带着手机。
9）引导比较状语从句的从属连词：
主要有than (比), as...as...(和……一样……), not so/as...as... (和……不一样……)
He moves more slowly than his sister does.他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
Do you think art is as interesting as music？你认为美术和音乐一样有趣吗？
You sing better than I do. 你的歌唱的比我好。
That's not so simple as it sounds. 那事并不像听起来那么简单。
3. 引导形容词性从句（定语从句）的从属连词：
略
注意：1. because, for, since, as 的区别：
(1)because 表示原因和理由，强调直接原因和因果关系，它所引导的从句通常放在主句之后。常用来回答 why 引导的疑问句。如：
—Why didn't you go to the cinema?你为什么没有去看电影？
—Because my mother was ill, and I have to stay at home and look after her. 因为我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。
(2)for表示间接的原因和理由，或对主句中事实的解释，for 引导的从句不放在句首。如：
Miss Gao can't be in the office, for the door is locked.
高老师不可能在办公室，因为门是锁着的。
(3)since 表示原因时语气比 because 弱，但比 as 强。它一般不表示根本原因或直接原因，而是一种已知的、显然的理由。作“既然”讲时，常放在句首。如：
Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧！
(4)as 表示原因时意义最弱，它所阐述的原因只是附带说明。多置于句首，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“鉴于”。如：
As you were out, I left a message. 你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。
2. when，while，as
三者均可译为“在……时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。
He was riding to school when he was hit by a car this morning.
当他被一辆小汽车撞到的时候他正骑车上学。
You'd better turn off the water while you brush your teeth.
当你刷牙的时候你最好关掉水。
She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱歌。
3. so...that...，such...that...
so＋形容词/副词原级＋that从句；
so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词的单数＋that从句；
so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句；
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句；
such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句。
Hangzhou is so beautiful a city that lots of visitors come here every year.
杭州如此美以至于每年许多游客来这。
She is such a good girl that we all like her.
她是如此好的一个女孩，以至于我们大家都喜欢她。
There are so many students on the playground.
操场上有如此多的学生。
连词练习
( ) 1. –I won’t go to the party tomorrow.
--________ you told me you would. What’s happening? A. But B. So C. And D. Or
( ) 2. Mike did something wrong, _______ the headmaster is talking with him.
A. so B. but C. and D. or
( ) 3. Jim has been in the factory for two years _______ he left school.
A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether
( ) 4. Mike is good at playing basketball _______ Bruce does well in football.
A. when B. until C. since D. while
( ) 5. –Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?
--I’m sorry, ______ there aren’t any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?
A. but B. and C. or D. so
( ) 6. You’d better do it _______ your mother did. A. when B. as C. like D. because
( ) 7. Stop cutting trees, _______ the earth will become worse and worse.
A. and B. but C. or D. then
( ) 8. Do you want to stay at home _______ go shopping with us? A. and B. but C. or D. so
( ) 9. He was riding to school _______ he was hit by a car this morning.
A. while B. when C. as D. so
( ) 10. The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. A. or B. and C. but D. for
( ) 11. The mountain was _______ steep _______ few people in our city reached the top.
A. so; as B. so; that C. as; as D. too; to
( ) 12. Mr Brown knows little Japanese, _______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. A. so B. or C. but D. for
( ) 13. It’s raining outside. Put on more clothes, _______ you may catch a cold.
A. and B. but C. or D. though
( ) 14. –What is writing brush, do you know? --It’s used _______ writing and drawing.
A. with B. to C. for D. by
( ) 15. _______ my mother ________ my sister watches football games these days.
A. Either; nor B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Neither; or
( ) 16. Mr Smith is an English teacher _______ will teach us English next term.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
( ) 17. I may live _______ in a hotel _______ in a friend’s house.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. between; and
( ) 18. I’m sorry, _______ I can’t help you with your homework.
A. and B. but C. or D. then
( ) 19. This coat will not lose colour ________ it’s washed. A. until B. till C. before D. after
( ) 20. I think we should get this computer, _______ it will take up more space.
A. but B. although C. and D. so
( ) 21. Stop smoking, _______ you will get better soon.
A. and B. or C. that D. after
( ) 22. Gray didn’t recognize his old classmate ________ he was told her name.
A. when B. unless C. so D. until
( ) 23. I was about to leave the office _______ the telephone rang.
A. when B. after C. before D. while
( ) 24. A lot of new buildings have been put up in our university. It is no longer the same _______ it used to be. A. like what B. that C. as D. what
( ) 25. He is a scientist, ________ a singer as well. A. but B. nor C. or D. and
( ) 26. John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music.
A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
( ) 27. ________ our football team failed in the match, we did our best.
A. Though B. But C. Because D. As
( ) 28. We bought Mary a present, _______ she didn’t like it. A. and B. but C. or D. so
( ) 29. It was very late, _______ the students still went on repairing their desks and chairs.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
( ) 30. _______ China isn’t rich now, _______ we’re working hard to make her richer and richer.
A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Both; and D. Because; so
( ) 31. –You’d better remember what I said yesterday, _______ others will laugh at you.
--Sure. I’ll do it _______ you told me.
A. or; as B. and; as C. or; after D. and; after
( ) 32. Though we students have _______ money _______ time, we try out best to help them.
A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not; but
( ) 33. I won’t believe you _______ I see it with my own eyes.A. if B. when C. until D. while
( ) 34. I must finish the work _______ I go home. A. before B. when C. until D. if
1. He can speak English_______ Chinese.
　　A. but B. also C. so D. and
2. Physics is not so easy, _______I like it very much.
　　A. but B. or C. since D. because
3. Will Tom wait for her at home ______ at the library?
　　A. or B. as C. so that D. both
4. She has a son _______ a daughter.
　　A. but B. and C. so D. or
5. I'll give her the gift ______ she arrives.
　　A. so B. before C. as soon as D. since
6. Tom was ____ill that we had to send for a doctor.
　　A. so B. very C. and D. too
7. The woman was____ angry_____ she couldn't speak anything.
　　A. neither…nor B. either…or C. both…and D. so…that
8. ______we got home it was very late.
　　A. When B. While C. Because D. As
9. We heard clearly_____ she said.
　　A. what B. which C. before D. because
10. I can't sleep well at night, ______I often feel very tired in the day.
　　A. so B. because C. and D. or
11. When you're learning a foreign language, use it, ______ you will lose it.
　　A. but B. or C. then D. and
12. --- Can you play football?
　--- Yes, I can, ______ I can't play it very well.
　　A. or B. and C. but D. so
13. Study hard, ______ you will fall behind.
　　A. and B. but C. so D. or
14. My favorite is action movie ______ I think it's exciting.
　　A. and B. because C. but D. so
15. The boy is very smart, ______ many of his classmates like him.
　　A. but B. so C. or D. for
16. He has never heard______ seen such a thing before.
　　A. nor B. and C. or D. since
17. _________ John _______I are policemen.
　　A. Neither ... nor B. Either ... or C. Both ... and D. Not only... but also
18. Mr Smith te