资源描述
词汇& 短文填空(2014.5)edited by xhh
2014 中考词汇题分值15分,分A、根据句意、首字母或中英文释义、音标写出所缺单词(5题5分 )B、用所给单词的适当形式填空(5题5分)C、用所给动词的适当形式填空(5题5 分)三部分。词汇复习也就是在复习基础知识和基本技能这一阶段,考生应该把所学的单词、短语、过去式、过去分词(不规则)等,过一遍筛子,从而达到查缺补漏的目的,同时也为词汇和短文填空这两道大题奠定坚实的基础。要求同学们在总复习时做到:1.要加强基础知识和基本技能的学习训练,掌握大量的单词和固定短语搭配。2.要重视语言的上下文理解,把语言放到真实的语境中。3.要了解英语语言的背景知识和文化知识,尽可能用英语去理解英语。这样才能在解答此题时,得心应手。单词拼写试题则不同于词语运用题,它不仅仅是单纯地测试单词拼写,而是把单词放在句子中和句子有机地结合起来,旨在考查单词的运用技巧。因此在复习和考试中,解此题应注意以下几个方面:a.如果所填的词是名词,则要注意是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果是可数名词,则要注意它的单、复数形式。b.如果要考查的词是形容词、副词,则要注意其等级变化,特别要注意的是那些特殊的形式,像:bad,badly,ill所共用的比较级、最高级形式worse,worst;像little的比较级、最高级less,least等,更应该引起考生的注意。c.如果是动词,则要注意其单数第三人称的形式,还有过去式,过去分词等变化,以及其非谓语动词的运用。d.如果是人称代词,则要注意使用的是主格还是宾格。e.如果是物主代词,则要注意是名词性物主代词还是形容词性物主代词的形式。以及反身代词等的用法。解题策略:四字经: 研、寻、定、查。高分技巧: 一、分析词性:口诀如下:空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有’s不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。
二、注意各种词性之间的相互转换::1、v.+ er/or --- n.eg. teach______ visit _____ invent __________ 2.adj.+ly --- adv. careful _______ polite _____ easy _____ terrible _______ safe _______ true _______ 3. n.+ ly – adj. friend _____ month _______ year ______ week ______ 4. adj.--- n. important _________ lost _______ different _______ silent _________ healthy _________ dead ______ humorous _______ proud _______ difficult _________ 5.v.---adj. die ________ miss ______ lose ______ 6. v+tion ---n. invent _______ pollute ______ protect _____ 7. v+ ment --- n. agree ______ develop ______ move _______ excite ________ 8. adj.+ ness--- n.ill ______ kind ______ happy ______ sad _______ 9. n.+ less/ful ---adj. careful /careless; helpful /helpless
具体情况分析:
1.be后面可以填三种形式:现在分词、过去分词或形容词。be + Ving构成进行时; be + adj.
表状态; be +Vpp构成被动语态
2.冠词、形容词、物主代词和名词所有格后填名词。a/an/the + n ;adj. + n. ;物主代词+n.; n’ s +n.
3.名词前可填形容词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。 --adj. +n. ;物主代词+n.; n’ s+n
4.动词或动词短语后填副词 ------v.+ adv. 或 adv. +v.
5.两个句子之间填连词
6.冠词和名词之间填形容词。 冠词+ adj. +n.
7.have/has/had 后首先考虑填动词的过去分词 ------have /has /had +Vpp构成现在完成时态
8.数字 (除one外)后面填名词复数,序数词后填名词单数。 ------基数词 (除one外)+ n. (pl.)序数词+n.(单数)
9.如果需要填数词,则看名词,名词是复,填基数词;名词是单数填序数词或 one --基数词+ n. (pl.) 序数词/ one +n.(单数)
10.通过所缺词前后的关键词,填出答案如: many / few / several / most + n. (pl.) much + -er -er +than
11.句首空词,并且后面有逗号,考虑填副词。------However,/Luckily ,/ Unluckily Also, / Most importantly , +句子
12.句中不缺成分,考虑填副词,句末一定是副词
13.通过固定短语填出所缺的词。 eg. keep in touch with ; play a joke on ;be on a visit to
the +比较级----, the +比较级-------
14.more 后填形容词或副词原级;可数名词复数;不可数名词 ------more+多音节原级;more +n. (pl.) more +不可数名词
15.介词后可以填: V.ing; 名词 ;代词宾格 ------介词+ Ving.介词+ n. 介词+ 宾格
16. before / after +V.ing
17.从句句首,主语前填连词。 ------连词 句子,句子。 (注意:连词后无标点)
18.单句句首主语前填副词。---副词,句子。 (副词后定有逗号)
19.can’ t / should / might / don’ t /didn ‘t /doesn’ t / won’ t / please +动词原形
20.冠词the后,多考虑填名词,有时也可以填形容词表示一类人。--the + n. the + adj.
21.Who +V.(多为单数形式) 或 What +V. (多为单数形式)
22.注意在定语从句中,先行词 who +V V.的单复数与先行词的单复数保持一致。
23.not only A but also B (A and B) A、B词性和词形一致
24.while后面用进行时
(一)、单词释义。根据首字母及英文单词释义写出这个单词。
1. g __________ showing thanks to another person. [解题技巧]要准确理解释义的内涵。
h___________ almost not ;
(二)、在下列各句的空白处填入一个适当的词,使句意完整,语法正确。
2. Paul walked into the bedroom _________ because his wife and baby were sleeping.
[解题技巧]利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析和推理,便能轻而易举地猜出词义,写出单词。
(三)、根据括号里的英文释义和首字母提示,完成下列英语句子。
3. Lian Zhan a ________ (get to) in Xi'an in April,2005.
[解题技巧]看所填单词在句中所充当的成分,看所填单词前面的修饰语,看固定句式或惯用搭配,看句子其他提示词。
(四)、根据句意及所给的汉语意思写出所缺单词。
4. The book is ________(值得……的)reading again.
[解题技巧]在句中填写单词时,注意看清所填单词在句中充当的成分,看清所填单词前面的修饰语,看是否是固定句式或惯用搭配。
(五)、根据句子意思,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. The policeman helped him find his ________ (miss) motorbike.
[解题技巧]根据语法知识和构词法规则写出正确答案。
(六)、用所给词的正确形式或根据音标填空。
7. I want to know ________ /weðә/a writing brush is made of bamboo and animal's hair.
[解题技巧]掌握常见字母组合在单词中的读音以及词形变化、转换、合成和派生词的读音,还有一些元、辅音字母在词中不发音的情况等。要注意总结、归纳和比较一些特殊的发音现象。
(七)、确定非谓语动词的形式
如果所给的动词在句子中不作谓语,就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。
1.want,hope,wish,decide,would like,agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do
2.enjoy,finish,mind,be busy,be worth,feel like,what/how about,can't help,practice,have fun/problems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing
3.tell,ask,order, encourage,advise,teach, want, wish,allow sb to do
4.remember,forget,stop,try,mean, love,like, need, go on,continue, be used to do/doing
5.感官动词和使役动词:
feel sb do/doing; listen to, hear sb do/doing
make, let, have sb do ; look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing
在被动语态中用to do ; have sth done
II、动词填空题解题技巧:动词填空主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式、语态及主谓一致等知识的掌握情况。因此,掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。我们可以从以下几方面着手:
一、确定正确的时态(6 种时态)1.根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。例如,现在完成时的时间状语:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+时间点;since+过去时态的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years 2.注意时态呼应。在主从复合句中,主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。1)在宾语从句中,如果主句是一般现在时,从句根据需要选用任何时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态;如果从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态,从句仍用一般现在时。2)在状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,或是祈使句,或是含情态动词的句子,时间和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。3.根据上下文确定时态。有时句子没有明显的时间状语,也不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定时态。如: “You’ve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And I’m sure the Five Friendlies _____(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心,我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。”后句是笔者对美好事物的祝愿,所以应用一般将来时。
二、确定正确的语态 :我们在考虑时态的同时,也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时,用被动语态;反之用主动语态。如:
“They _______(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent….
注意:不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词(如listen,sleep,take place, happen,get up,grow up,break out,come in等)没有被动语态。如:Great changes have taken place in the last few years. The war broke out many years ago.但是,当“不及物动词+介(副)词”构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时,则有被动语态。The children are looked after well.
中考短文填空解题技巧:
I.首字母填空题解题技巧:
字母填空题主要考察学生正确理解和书写英语单词。解答这种题需要平时扎实地打好基础,单词拼写要过关,善于分析句子结构,熟练各种词形首的变化,动词时态形式的变化,非谓语动词的运用等,另外,掌握必要的阅读技巧,也很重要。
一. 跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意
根据首字母填空的题型,实际上相当于完形填空,必须先快速通读全文,尽量理解文章的主要内容,再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子,只有完全理解全句的意思,才能准确填写单词。
二. 复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。
1. 利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义.
2.再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。例如,单,复数、形容词,副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等,要特别注意时态的呼应及主谓一致。
三..通读短文,检查答案。
例一:A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h_______ pay attention to others’ feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their n_________. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m_______ because they don’t get along w_________ with their neighbours.
According to the survey, the b_______ problem is noise. Many of the c_________ about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can’t s________ the noise from next door. The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y_______ . Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people w________live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years.
Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p________in “his space”.
Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never s________ a meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each other’s friends, they are often r ________to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world.
1.a (an)
考点1:不定冠词,表示泛指。Eg:A tiger 就表示一只老虎,是泛指;而the tiger则表示那只老虎,是特指。
考点2:元音前加an,辅音前加a,注意:元音和辅音指的是音标而不是拼写。Eg:hour前需要加an,构成an hour;而useful tool前面加的是a,构成a useful tool。
【相关拓展】A和One也表示一个,但one更强调是“一”个,而a则没有强调的意味。
2.Ability 名词,可数(复数为abilities)
考点1:have an(the)ability to do sth。
考点2:形容词able,be able to do。可运用于各种时态,Eg:I was able to play the piano when I was young
【相关拓展】ability加否定前缀dis,构成名词disability,残疾或残疾人,当做残疾人讲可数,disabilities就相当于the disabled,表示一类人。 形容词disabled,残疾的。 able加否定前缀un,构成unable,不能、不会。Eg:They were unable to explain why.
3.About考点1:表示大约。Eg:about 5 o’clock.考点2:同around,在。。。周围。考点3:关于,对于。Eg:His research is about animals.考点4:be about to do,正要做某事。
【相关拓展】表示大约的一类词:nearly, about, around, almost, approximately
4.Above 介词,在…之上;超过,大于。副词,上文的,上述的考点1:非表面,非垂直向上。Eg:Above the clouds 考点2:数目,价钱,数量等超过。Eg:The temperature has been above the average recently. There's nothing in this shop above/over a dollar 考点3:上文,上述的。Eg:Just as mentioned above…考点4:above all,最重要的是, 尤其。
【相关拓展】Above的反义词是below, over的反义词是under.
5.Abroad 副词,在国外,广泛地 考点1:国外,Eg:go abroad for further study考点2:from abroad从海外,at home and abroad 在国内和国外考点3:the news spreads aboard 消息广泛传播
6.Accept 动词,接受,认可考点1:接受,accept a gift,accept the advice,accept the consequence (结果)考点2:认可,Eg:He is accepted by his classmates. I accept the judge’s decision.
7.Accident 名词,事故,偶然考点1:事故,a traffic accident考点2:偶然,by accident,Eg:We met by accident at the airport.考点3:句型 It is no accident that… 表示:。。。绝非偶然。
【相关拓展】Accidental 形容词,意外的。 Accidentally 副词,偶然地,意外地。
8.According 副词,相符的,一致的。考点1:According to… 根据。。。 Eg:You've been in prison six times according to our records.考点2:副词,Accordingly 相应地 Eg:The cost of materials rose sharply last year. Accordingly, we were forced to increase our prices.
9.Achieve 动词,实现。考点1:achieve one’ target/goal/purpose
【相关拓展】表示实现的一类词:achieve, accomplish, reach, realize, fulfill
10.Across 介词、副词, 越过,另一边.考点1:从一边到另一边,强调横过。Eg:Can you swim across the river?考点2:在对边(对面),across from Eg: There's a school just across from our house.
【相关拓展】 注意Across强调的是从一边到另一边,是从表面或上方越过或横过,而Through强调的是从内部穿过。
11.Act 名词,行为,表演。 动词,扮演,行动,起作用。 考点1:行为,Eg:an act of kindness
考点2:表演,Eg:a song and dance act考点3:act as,充任某角色; 担任某工作。Eg:I don'tunderstand their language; you'll have to act as interpreter(翻译).考点4:act on,对…有影响或起作用。Eg:Alcohol(酒精) acts quickly on the brain.
【相关拓展】Action,名词,行动,动作。 常用词组take action,谚语Actions speak louder than words,行胜于言。 Active,形容词,积极的,有效的。常用搭配,take an active part in, 积极参加。active resistance,积极的抵抗。Active volcano,活火山。Actively 副词 take part in--- acticely
1、clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词, number后接可数名词 a number of students
4. family, house, home home 家,包括住处和家人, house房子,住宅, family家庭成员
. My family is a happy one. /His family were watching TV when I got there.
5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音, voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片, picture可指相片,图片,电影片, drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量, word具体的单词
He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people population人口,人数, people具体的人 China has a large population.
9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况, climate长期的气候状况
The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way road具体的公路,马路, street街道, path小路,小径, way
道路,途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course
12. custom, habit custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do, habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason; cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice ;exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice
(反复做的)练习 Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.;指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture ;speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说, talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话, lecture学术性的演讲,讲课 a series of lecture on…
17. officer, official officer部队的军官, official政府官员 an army officer
18. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数, job可数 a good job
19. couple, pair couple主要指人或动物, pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图,疆域, nation指人民,国民,民族, state
侧重指政府,政体, land国土,国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker cook厨师, cooker厨具 He is a good cook.
22. police, policeman police警察的总称后接复数谓语动词, policeman指某个具体的警察
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
24. problem, question ;problem和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise; question
常和疑问连系和ask, answer连用
25. man, a man ;man人类, a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡, chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.
27. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的, trip指短期的旅途, journey指稍长的旅途, voyage指海上航行a three-day trip
29. sport, game; sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game
指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.
30. price, prize price价格, prize奖,奖品,奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.
31. a number of, the number of a number of许多,谓语动词复数。the number of…的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面, in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.
33. of the day, of a day of the day每一天的,当时的,当代的, of a day暂时的,不长久的
a famous scientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us ;three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个, the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus by bus表手段方式,不用冠词on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.
36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻,一会儿, for the moment暂时,一时
Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
37. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语, the next year过去将来时间状语
He said he would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多, more than one year超过一年(两年或三年等)
39. take advice, take the(one's) advice take advice征求意见, take the advice接受忠告
He refused to take the advice and failed again.
40. take air, take the air take air传播,走漏, take the air到户外去,散步
We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words in a word总之,一句话, in words口头上 In a word, you are right.
42. in place of, in the place of in place of代替, in the place of在…地方
A new building is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret in secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语; in the secret
知道内情,知道秘密, 一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩
Can one girl carry such a big box?
45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相当于sit down坐下, take the chair开始开会
46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员,出航, by sea乘船,由海路, by the sea
在海边 go by sea
47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,
the doctor and the teacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师
the doctor and teacher is
48. in office, in the office in office在职的, in the office在办公室里
He is in office, not out of office.
49. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上, on the bed在床上
The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理,负责照料, in the charge of
由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.
51. in class, in the class in class在课上, in the class在班级里
He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fir
展开阅读全文