七下英语知识点归纳.doc

七年级下学期常用词语的用法1. play的用法playplays-played1) play+球类运动/象棋/牌/游戏play basketball/football/soccer/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/badminton/chess/cards/games2) play+the+乐器名词play the volin/piano/guitar/drums3) play with 和一起玩2. say, speak, talk., tell的区别1）say+说的内容： saysayssaid say to sb sb say(s)/said, “”2) speakspeaksspoke speak+语言（English/Chinese/French）3) talktalkstalked talk to/with sb talk about sth4)telltells-told tell sb sth tell sth to sb Tell sb to do sth tell sb not to do sth tell sb how to do sth跟踪训练：1.I want to _ to you about this thing.2. The children _, “Good morning.”3. Let me _ you a story about my father.4. She cant _ English. Please _ it in Chinese.3. be good with 善于应付的， 对有办法 be good at/do well in +名词/代词/doing 擅长于 be bad for 对有害 be good for 对有益 be late for 迟到 be afraid of 害怕 be strict with sb be strict in sth4.在肯定句中表示“和”用and，在否定句中用“or”I like dumplings _ orange juice.I dont like onions _ green tea.5. join the sports/swimming/story telling/art/ music/chess club Join sb6. too, also, either 的区别 1）too 用在肯定句中，用在句末。I like swimming, She likes swimming,_ 2) also 用在肯定句中，用在be动词，助动词，情态动词之后。实义动词之前。I likes noodles. She _ likes noodles. 3) either 用在否定句中，用在句末。I dont like apples. She doesnt like apples, _.7. busy 反义词 free be busy with sb be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be free= have time8. help sb (to) do sth ask sb to do sth/ask sb not to do sth teach sb to do sth/teach sb not to do sth want to do sth =would like to do sth want sb to do sth =would like sb to do sth make/let sb do sth see/watch/hear/feel sb doing sth 表动作正在进行see/ watch/hear/feel do sth 表动作发生的全过程或经常发生的动作9. help with sth 在某方面帮助 help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人10. like to do love to do start to do like doing love doing start doinghelp to do sthremember/forget to do 记得/忘记要去做某事（还未做）remember/forget doing 记得/忘记做过某事 （已经做了）11. enjoy/ practice/finish doing sth 介词+doing sthgo+doing go fishing/camping/shopping/boatingdo some/the +doing do some shopping/cleaning/washinghave (great/a lot of) fun doing sthhave a good /great time doing sth 做某事很高兴have some problems doing sth 做某事有问题just right for doing sth 正好适合做某事thanks for + doing sth/名词/代词（宾）thank sb for + doing sth/名词/代词（宾）12. get dressed (in) 穿衣服dress sb /oneself 给某人/自己穿衣服13. 时间的表达法1）直接表达法。用基数词 6:20 six twenty 7:45 seven forty-five2) 用past to 基数词表达 当分钟小于等于30时， 分钟+ past+小时 6:20 twenty past six 6:15 a quarter past six 6:30 half past six 当30分钟60时，结构为：（60-分钟）+to+（小时+1） 7:34 twenty-six to eight 7:45 a quarter to eight14. 交通工具：动词短语： 介词短语：take the bus by bus on the bus take the train by train on the traintake the subway by subway on the subwaytake a boat by boat on/in a boattake the plane by plane/air on the plane ride a bike by bike on a bike walk on foot15. spend, take , pay, cost 的区别 1）spend- spends- spent sb spend(s)/spent some time/money (in) doing sth sb spend(s)/spent some time/money on sth I spend half an hour _(finish) my homework every day. 2) take- takes -took It takes/took sb some time/money to do sthIt takes me half an hour _(finish) my homework every day. 3) cost-costs-cost sth cost(s) sb some money 4) pay-pays-paidsb pays/paid some money for sth16. how long 对时间段提问 多长时间 多久 how far 对距离提问 多远 how often 对频率副词或表示频率的短语提问 多久一次 how many 对可数名词的数量提问 多少 how much 对不可数名词的数量提问 多少 how much 对价格提问 多少钱 how 对程度，交通方式，健康状况提问 怎么样 例如：1. There are sixty students in our class. 2. There is two glasses of juice in the fridge. 3. He goes to school on foot. 4. It takes him half an hour to get to school. 5. The sweater is fifteen dollars. 6. I go home every Friday afternoon. 7. Its about twenty minutes walk from my home to school. 8. Its about 10 kilometers from the supermarket to the bank.17. It is/was +形容词+for sb + to do sth 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样18. Its time for sth Its time to do sth 是该做某事的时间了19. 动词/介词 +宾语从句（从句用陈述语序） 1）I want to know _(Bob 住在哪？) 2）_(Bob 住在哪？)20. get to, arrive at/in reach的区别： 1）get-gets-got get to +地点名词 （school） get here/there/home 2) arrive- arrives-arrived arrive at +小地点名词 arrive in +大的地点名词 arrive here/there/home (地点副词) 3）reach- reaches- reached reach 及物动词 reach+ 地点名词/副词21. too many, too much, much too的区别：too many +复数名词too much +不可数名词动词+too muchmuch too +形容词/副词There are _(太多) rulers at my home.There is _(太多) juice in the fridge.Eating _(太多) is bad for our health.The box is _(太) heavy for me.The sweater is _(太) small for him.22. a lot of /lots of /many/ much的区别： a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数 =many +可数名词复数 + 不可数名词 = much + 不可数名词 quite a lot of +可数名词复数/不可数名词 相当多 Thanks a lot I saw quite a lot23. a little, little, a few, few, a bit (of) 的区别： 1）a little 一点，少许 a little +不可数名词= a bit of + 不可数名词 a little +形容词/副词= a bit /kind of +形容词/副词 2）little 一点也没有 little反义词 much little+不可数名词 3）a few 一些，几个 a few +可数名词复数= some +可数名词复数 4）few 几乎没有 few 反义词 many few +可数名词复数 quite a few 相当多 very few 非常少24. some， any的用法some/any +可数名词复数/不可数名词some 用在肯定句中， any用在否定句和疑问句中。 I can see _ cups on the table. There arent _ vegetables in the fridge. Is there _ mutton in the noodles? 当疑问句表示邀请，请求，建议，反问等，多希望得到肯定的回答时，用some而。不用any。 Would you like _ like? May I ask you _ question? any 有时也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个；任何一些” I can see you _ time on Monday. You can choose _ one of them.25.write (a letter) to sb 给某人写信 write sb sth write sth to sb write down +名词 write +名词/代词宾格 +down 写下26. either or 要么， 要么 或者，或者 I _ watch TV _ do my homework on weekends. 连接两个主语时，谓语根据就近原则。 Either my father or my mother _(cook) at home. Either she or I _(help) you study English.27.exercise 1）动词 单三_ 过去式_ 现在分词_2）名词 1.作锻炼，运动讲时，为不可数名词 2.作体操，练习讲时，为可数名词，体操常用复数形式I do English _(练习) every day.take/do exercise 做运动 do morning exercise 做早操do eye exercises做眼保健操28.1）有连字符连接的“基数词-名词单数-形容词”结构，相当于一个复合形容词，一般用在名词前作定语。 11-year-old 11岁的2)无连字符连接的“基数词+名词+形容词”结构一般用在be动词后作表语，当基数词大于1时，名词用复数。 eight years old 8岁The boy is _(12岁)He is a _(12岁的) boy.29.1)kind of 稍微，有点 a kind of+adj/adv=a little+adj/adv2) a kind of一种，a kind of+名词3）all kind of各种各样的all kind of+名词复数4）different kinds of 不同种类的different kinds of+名词复数30.特殊疑问词1）what 提问事物，什么2）why 提问原因，为什么3）when 提问时间，什么时候 what time 提问时刻，什么时间4）where 提问地点，在哪里5）who/whom 提问人，who提问主语，宾语，whom提问宾语6）how提问方式，方法，程度，交通工具，“怎样”1. _ do you like pandas? Because they are very cute.2. _do they live? They live in Pairs.3. _do you finish your homework? At nine.4. _did you visit the Science Museum? Three months ago.5. _is he doing? He is cooking dinner.6. _do you get to school? On foot.7. _is the girl over there? Mary.8. _do you play with? Jim.9. _cooks dinner? My mother did.10. _was your school trip? It was great.31.1)对星期提问用what day2）对日期提问用 what is/was the date3）询问职业:what +be+主？what do/does +主+do? What is +主s job?4)询问天气：how +be +the weather ? What +be+the weather like?5)询问外貌：what do/does +主+look like?1)It was Saturday yesterday? _2) It is September tenth. _3)My mother is a teacher. _ ?_?_?4) The weather was cloudy in Shanghai? _？_？5）She is of medium height. _32. house , home , family1)house 侧重指居住的房子2)home 侧重指一个家庭共胜任的地方 “家”3)family 侧重指家庭的“成员”33. other, the other, others, the others, another1)other 常用来修饰可数名词复数，只有在其他词的辅助下才能修饰可数名词单数2）the other 表示已制定两个（或两部分）人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些”，其后可跟可数名词单数或复数，也可与one搭配，one。the other。一个。另一个。3）others=other +可数名词复数，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分，some。others。一些。另一些。4）the others=the other+可数名词复数，指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，余下的人或物的全部5）another 泛指不确定数目中的另一个 another+单数可数名词=one more +单可数名词 another+基数词+可数名词=基数词+more +可数名词We need another two hours. We need two more hours。1） We need _ (另一台) computer。2） I cant find my (另一只) ) shoe.3） _ hotels are all full.4） _ students are carrying water, _ are cleaning the classroom.5） Some students are in the classroom. here are _34. wish sb sthwish to do sthwish sb to do stheg: 1) _ you a Happy New Year。2) Susan wishes _(have) a party.3) Mom wishes me _(win) the chess match. 35. any other 指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物any other +可数名词单数eg：Tom runs faster than _(其他的任何学生) in his class.