高考英语新题型.doc

【高考英语新题型】语篇型语法填空解题技巧 

原文地址：【英语】语篇型语法填空解题技巧 作者：调研
一、语篇型语法填空的形式
    在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容，所填写词语不得超过三个。
二、语篇型语法填空的测试点
    主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和it的用法等。
三、语篇型语法填空的解题思路
    考生在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在；而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等；最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式，例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。
在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介词的时候，往往考查介词的固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。
语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力，在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。
四、语篇型语法填空例题
例一、对话体
Mum: (putting on her coat) I am going to go down to the shop for more bread.
Alan: Why?
Mum: I am not sure what   1   (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table  2   I went to answer the phone. But someone  must  have taken them because they’re   3   (go).
Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in the kitchen   4   (early).
Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished        5       (make) them,  so he couldn't have done it.   6   , he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I’m sure   7   wasn’t him.
Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn’t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of   8   fridge?
Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I   9   (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my   10  . Now, why did I put on my coat?
答案：  
1. happened    2. when     3. gone     4. earlier      5. making    
6. Anyway      7. it        8. the       9. must have put   10. mind/memory
例二、短文体
    One of my father’s favorite  1   (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!”  I couldn't say I didn’t like something,   2   it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years I’ve come to realize how much of my success I owe to my   3   (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (职业).   4   (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get   5   (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn’t   6   more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that   7   (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into   8  (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought,“Well, I’ll try it;   9   I don’t like it I can always go back to my    10  (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.

答案：
1. sayings    2. whatever  3. acceptance  4. Actually  5. married   
6. have been  7.beginning   8. different    9. if   10. earlier