高考改错答题技巧.doc

高考短文改错解题技巧
短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生对语言的评价与校正的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。
一、做短文改错题基本步骤
1、改前通读，强化语篇意识。在着手改错之前一定要快速阅读全文，这一步很关键，切忌拿来就改。只有站在语篇的高度上，通篇解读全文，了解短文大意，才能贯通短文改错上下文， 找出与语篇有关的错误并进行有效的改正。
2、改中细读，注意语法、词汇错误。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，因为只有站在完整句子的角度，才能发现其中的错误。由于多数句子不是只占一行，所以只有读完整个句子，仔细分析，才能发现错误、纠正错误。
3、改后复读，纠正失误，减少差错。做完短文改错后将答案放回原文，再重读全文，其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑，语句不通畅，不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读 ，往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或作出的误改。
二、出题规律以及解题关键
1、名词
短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。另外还有名词的可数和不可数，名词作定语等情况。
（1） We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
（2）There are branch library in many villages.
（3） They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.
2、代词
短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用等。
(1) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head.
(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times.
(4) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.
3、冠词
短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.
(3) Good health is person’s most valuable possession.
(4) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.
(5) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
4、形容词/副词
短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词，简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用， 涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构，how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。
(1) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York.
(2) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
5、介词
短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。例如：
(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (2) When they came down the police were angry to them.
(3) This is the place I visited to last year.
6、并列连词
短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来，这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。
(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.
(2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.
(3) It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it.
7、时态
动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来，在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。有时也涉及其他时态，如一般将来时，现在完成时等。从所涉及的动词来看，主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。还有并列谓语动词中是否所有动词的时态是否一致。
(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stops.
(2) Now, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases.
(3)He went into the kitchen, opened the cupboard and take out a cup.
8. 非谓语动词
短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)。现在分词与过去分词的误用等等。
(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.
(2) Modern people are concerned about having good health, having good food, and live in clearer surroundings.
(3) When you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you.
(4) I feel frightening. (5) Seeing from the top of the mountain, the park is beautiful.
(6) He came back, tiring but happy.
9动词
此考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点，它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等，主谓一致。
(1) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.
(2) Books may be keep for four weeks.
(3) I will let you know when the book you want has returned.
(4) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
(5) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
(6) But not all information are good to society.
(7) But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
10、从句
短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。
(1) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.
(2) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives.
(3) I don’t know that he wants to do.
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