Point-of-View-文学原理教程.ppt

Point of View1精选2021版课件Point of View 观点 -The angle/perspective from which the story is told.Narrator 叙述者/Storyteller -The character/voice that tells the story.2精选2021版课件Point of view depends on two factors:-Physical situation of the narrator as an observer;-Speakers intellectual and emotional position.3精选2021版课件观点 -有些东西能为我所见，有些东西则不能。在事件中，没有一个人能说出全貌，却都提供了别人所缺少的部分。作者的任务是找出最适合于他要述说之故事的观点。4精选2021版课件Kinds of Point of View 1.Third-Person Point of View (narrator as non-participant)-Narrator outside the action describes the events.5精选2021版课件 Third-Person Point of View Omniscient(all-knowing)-With this point of view,an“all-knowing”narrator firmly imposes his presence between the reader and the story,and retains complete control over the narrative.6精选2021版课件 -The narrator is not a character in the story but can tell you the thoughts and actions of all characters at all times.(Pronouns:he,she,him,her,they,them,etc.)7精选2021版课件Advantage -The flexibility given by the“all-knowing”narrator can direct the readers attention and control the sources of information.8精选2021版课件 Third-Person Point of View Limited (limited to one characters thought)-With this point of view,the narrator limits his ability to penetrate the minds of characters by selecting a single character to act as the center of revelation.9精选2021版课件 Dramatic Point of View (strictly reporting)-In this point of view,the narrator disappears completely and the story is allowed to present itself dramatically through action and dialogue.10精选2021版课件Advantage -With the disappearance of the narrator,telling is replaced by showing,and the illusion is created that the reader is a direct and immediately witness to an unfolding drama.11精选2021版课件 2.First-Person Point of View (Narrator as Participant)-In this point of view,the narrator appears in the novel as“I”or“me”and shares the limitations of third person limited.Narrator as Major Character;Narrator as Minor Character.12精选2021版课件Advantage -By assuming the identity as“I”,the narrator endears himself to the reader while he has to sacrifice the privilege of omniscience.-The narrator stands inside the story and relates first hand experience,which can create a feeling of intimacy.13精选2021版课件Analyzing Narrator1.Is he/she reliable or unreliable?If the narrator is crazy,jealous,self-serving,mistaken,confused,etc.,then the reader may questions the reliability of the story he/she is telling.14精选2021版课件2.Is the narrator a participating character,or is the narrator telling the story from an omniscient point of view?3.Is the narrator nave?The reader can see that the narrators background limits his/her ability to understand a situation.15精选2021版课件全知全能的叙事观点 -叙事者对每一件事都能了然，他能随意进入任何人物的内心深处，并直接告诉读者，某一小说人物正在想些什么。通常是以第三人称法叙事，其优点是具有高度弹性，缺点是在训练不足的作家手中，可能会使作品倾向于松散而凌乱。16精选2021版课件有限制的叙事观点：-其叙述者所知有限，他可能是小说中的人物，以第一人称（我）的方式去叙事，也可能置身于小说之外，以第三人称叙事。17精选2021版课件戏剧式观点 -前两者或以小说外的导演口吻来布局，或以剧中人的我来道出亲身经历，都是有一个操纵者或摄影者，但戏剧式观点是根本没有明显的观看者，完全借着对话、行动，让小说中的人物自己演出，是极为客观的一种叙述法。18精选2021版课件HaircutIn Haircut Ring Lardner tells a story about an awful man,but through the eyes of Whitey,the town barber.19精选2021版课件Whitey has an unusual point of view about Jim.Whitey sees Jim Kendell,the main character,as“comical”(101)and“kind of rough,but a good fella at heart”(101).20精选2021版课件When in reality Whitey did not see Jim for what he really was,a heartless,cheating,vindictive man.Whitey believes he telling a story about his friend Jim,who with his buddy Hod Meyers,“used to keep this town in an uproar”(101).21精选2021版课件In fact Whitey was telling a story about some of the horrible and mischievous pranks Jim would pull on some of the towns people.Whitey seems to be an unreliable narrator.Whitey,even being more of a town gossip then a barber,cannot get the story straight on Jim Kendell.22精选2021版课件