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A Comparison of A Comparison of Chinese&Western Chinese&Western CulturesCulturesCulture is a Bridge.Culture is a Bridge.Unit 1 An Introduction 1/61Objectives1.Learn to analyze the cases&give your comments;2.Learn the notions of Culture,Communication and Intercultural Communication;3.Learn the differences between Chinese and Western cultures;4.Finish the Assignment No.1 and other exercises on P12-15.2/61 CONTENTSI.Warm-up Cases&AnalysisII.Culture,Communication,Intercultural CommunicationIII.The Differences between Chinese&Western CulturesIV.SummaryV.Assignments3/61A Comparison of Chinese&Western CultureI.Warm-up CasesTo Analyze&Comment4/61I.Warm-up CasesPlease discuss the cases in groups and make a comment on it.Case 1:Showing Concern In China:Xiao Li(an interpreter):You must be very tired.Youre oldCatherine(an elderly American lady):Oh,Im NOT old,and Im NOT tired.5/61 In the West:A:How are you doing now?Would you like to rest?B:No,not a bit.6/61 1.Different values on concerning othersIn China,caring the old is regarded as good manners or a courtesy.In the West,there is a value placed in being young that many people consciously,or subconsciously,are not willing to accept that they are growing old.Comment7/612.Different way of showing concern.In China In the Weststatementstatementquestionquestion must how would Comment8/61Exercises:1.When an American friend of yours has caught a cold,you can show concern by saying a.Im sure youll be better soon.b.You should drink more water.c.You should be more careful not catch cold again.d.I hope youll be feeling better soon.9/61 2.When Professor Crawford is about to leave for sightseeing on a cold winter day,you should say to him a.Youd better wear more clothes.b.Be careful not to catch cold.c.Enjoy yourself.d.Youd better take a coat with you.10/61In ChinaIn the westThey value individualism and independence.They would be offended by such protective and parental overtones.CommentKeys:1.a,d 2.cWe value Confucianism.We often give advice to show our concern.11/615 Virtues of Confucianism仁仁:仁爱仁爱义：忠义义：忠义礼：礼和礼：礼和智：睿智智：睿智信：诚信信：诚信1.Benevolence,mercy,Len2.Righteousness,loyalty3.Manners,courtesy4.Wisdom5.Credit,sincerity12/61Case 2 First Offer ACanadiancolleagueandItraveledtoGuilinwithouradmirableguideHepingLiuinveryhotweather.Sightseeingisathirstybusiness.Wedidnottrustthewater,andenjoyedexcellentbeer.WepolitelyofferedsometoHepingbutherefused.Wesaidnothinganddrankourbeer,whilepoorHepingwatched.Onanotherday,Hepingquicklyacceptedourofferofbeer.Questions for discussionInyourdailylife,doyouoftenacceptfirstoffer?Ifyes,inwhatsituation?13/61CommentFirst offerFirst offerChineseChineseWesternersWesternersSecond or third offerReligious reasonsReformed alcoholicAllergicModestPoliteWell-behaved 14/61A Comparison of Chinese&Western CultureII.CultureCommunicationIntercultural Communication15/611.What Is Culture?16/611.1 Define cultureTry to figure out how they are related to culture.17/61 1.2 Elements of Culture18/611)Cultureisbasedonsymbols.2)Cultureislearned.3)Cultureisshared.5)Cultureistipoftheiceberg.4)Cultureisdynamic.1.3 Characteristics of Culture6)Cultureisanintegratedsystem.19/61Culturehavecertainvalues,beliefs,customs,behaviors,orsymbolsincommon.Cultureissharedknowledge,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerations,whatpeopleneedtoknowtoactappropriatelyinagivenculture.Cultureisconstantlychanging&evolving.1.4 Definition of Culture20/61 2.What Is Communication?Communication is a process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of words,gestures,symbols,etc.21/61Communication Itisaprocess.Peoplecanusethewordsorgesturestoexpresstheirthoughts&feelingstoothers.(Verbal vs.non-verbal)Ithas3aspects:ourindividualpersonality,thecultureweoperatein,andthephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundsus.22/61InterculturalCommunicationreferstocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundaredistinctenoughtoaltertheircommunication.3.What Is Intercultural Communication?23/61InterculturalCommunicationisasoldashistory,butasadiscipline,firstemergedintheU.S.3.1 FatherofInterculturalCommunication:Edward Hall,The Silent LanguageReasons:1.transportation munication systems3.globalization4.migrations24/613.2ModelofInterculturalCommunication25SupposeCultureA:ChinesecultureCultureB:JapanesecultureCultureC:Americanculture25/61Themoresimilaritiestwoculturesshare,thelessinfluenceculturewillhaveoncommunication.Therefore,thelessmessageswillbechangedduringcommunication.Thelesstheculturesarealike,themorelikelythemessageswillbechanged.Misunderstandingininterculturalcommunicationoftenariseshere.3.2ModelofInterculturalCommunication26/613.3 Barriers in Intercultural Communication LanguagedifferencesNonverbalcommunicationStereotypes(陈规陈规,成见成见)CulturalbiasonjudgmentsHighlevelofstress27/61A Comparison of Chinese&Western CultureIII.General Differences Between Chinese&Western Cultures28/61III.The Differences between Chinese and Western CulturesPlease list 4 characteristics of Chinese,and another 4 of Americans.29/611.TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesepeopleSaving Face Hardworking一言不合就开饭局一言不合就开饭局Whenever you disagree with each other,you solve it by dining together.30/611.The attitudes by foreigners towards Chinese PeopleInsensitive to time能不能过？能不能过？能能Beating about the bush31/611.The attitudes by foreigners towards Chinese PeopleObey but not Follow 不求甚解不求甚解Read without a thorough understanding32/612.The attitudes by foreigners towards Chinese PeopleNever kiss parents 山寨文化山寨文化fake everywhere33/612.The attitudes by Chinese towards WesternersKiss and hug anytime and anywhere Go Dutch34/612.The attitudes by Chinese towards WesternersBeing punctual Too frank35/61 Western:small,intimatefamily,retirementhome,theoldareseparated,childrenleaveearly;beingindependentandlookafterthemselves.Parentsneverinterferewiththeirchildrenaffairswhentheyareoldenough.lFamily36/61Old separated Young independent37/61lChinese FamilyTraditional:big familymodern:nuclear family(A photo of Ba Jins Family)38/61 Western:performance oriented,little rote(死记硬背死记硬背)memory,ability to solve problems;practical competence of running a business is more important.EducationEastern:experienceoriented,muchmemorization,themoreexperiencedyouare,themorepopularyouwillbe;youwillberegardedwell-educatedifyoucanrecitesomeancientpoems.39/61The US students in classThe Chinese students in classEducation40/61A wedding ceremonyColors 41/61A funeral42/61A Comparison of Chinese&Western CultureIV.Summary43/61Summary CourseIntroductionWhyTakeThisCourse?CaseAnalysisCultureCommunicationInterculturalCommunicationCulturalDifferencesAssignmentsNo.1&Exercises44/61Culture Culturehavecertainvalues,beliefs,customs,behaviors,orsymbolsincommon.Cultureissharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowtoactappropriatelyinagivenculture.Cultureisconstantlychanging&evolving.45/61Communication Itisaprocess.Peoplecanusethewordsorgesturestoexpresstheirthoughts&feelingstoothers.Ithas3aspects:ourindividualpersonality,thecultureweoperatein,andthephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundsus.46/61Intercultural communication FatherofInterculturalCommunication:EdwardHall,The Silent LanguageItreferstocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundaredistinctenoughtoaltertheircommunication.47/61A Comparison of Chinese&Western CultureV.AssignmentsTo Reinforce48/61Assignment No.11.Use your words to analyze the cultural differences mentioned in the given video.2.P12,Exercise A,T/F statements.If it is False,please give the reasons.3.P13,Exercise C,Translation.49/61Exercises A.Comprehension CheckDecide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F)._ 1.As a phenomenon,intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years.However,as a discipline,its history is only about fifty years._2.Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe._3.Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process._4.Culture can be seen as shared knowledge,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture._5.Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization),it still contributes to a persons cultural cognition.TFFTT50/61_6.In intercultural communication,we should separate ones individual character from cultural generalization._7.Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes.The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals._8.All people of the same nationality will have the same culture._9.Although two cultures may share the same ideas,their meaning and significance may not be the same._10.Ones actions are totally independent of his or her culture.TTFTF51/61Exercises C.Euphemism UnderstandingGivetheChineseequivalentsofthefollowingeuphemisms.1.landscape engineer 园林工人园林工人2.tonsorial artist 剪发师剪发师3.sanitation engineer 清道夫清道夫/清洁工清洁工4.shoe rebuilder 补鞋匠补鞋匠52/61Exercises E.Cultural PuzzlesReadthefollowingsituationsandchoosetheappropriateanswer(s).Theremaybemorethanonepossibleanswerforeachculturalpuzzle.1.Whatwouldyoudoifsomeonetoldyoutousehisorherfirstname,butyoufeltuncomfortabledoingthis?a.Youcouldcontinuetousethepersonslastnamewithoutexplainingwhy.b.Youcouldtrytousethepersonsfirstnameeventhoughyoufeeluncomfortabledoingthis.c.Youcouldasktheperson,“IsitOKifIuseyourlastname?”53/61Key1.a)No.Ignoring others suggestion is impolite and offensive.B)Yes.When you try something new,it may be difficult at first.After a while,you will get accustomed to it.C)Yes.You could learn about others customs by asking for cultural explanations.54/612.Situation:An American woman received a letter from a recently married Japanese friend.The Japanese woman wrote in her letter,“My husband is not very handsome.Your husband is much more handsome than mine.”The American woman was very surprised at what her friend wrote.1)WhydoyouthinktheAmericanwassurprised?a)TheAmericanwomansawapictureofherfriendshusbandandthoughtthathewasveryhandsome.b)TheAmericanwomandidntthinkherownhusbandwashandsome.c)IntheU.S.,itisdisrespectfultosaythatoneshusbandisnothandsome.55/61Key1)a)No.Even if this was true,she wouldnt expect a wife to say this about her own husband.To her,the Japanese woman insulted her own husband.b)No.Even if this was true,she wouldnt expect the Japanese woman to compare their husbands appearance.c)Yes.If an American woman said this about her husband,people might think that they didnt have a good relationship.56/612)WhydoyouthinktheJapanesewomanwrote,“Myhusbandisnotveryhandsome”?a)TheJapanesewomanwastryingtotellherAmericanfriendthatshedidnotlikeherhusbandverymuch.b)ItisuncommoninJapantocomplimentoneshusband.c)TheJapanesewomandidntthinkherhusbandwashandsome,butshelikedhispersonality.57/61Key2)a)No.This would not be a Japanese way for a wife to say that she didnt like her husband.b)Yes.In Japan,a person would be considered boastful and not modest enough if he or she complimented his or her family members in front of others.C)No.See b).58/611.Video Watching:Gua Sha 刮痧刮痧2.Write a comment on this movie.Other Assignments59/61Guasha(culture shock)Part 1:beating childyour commentsPart 2:Guashayour comments60/6161/61
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