游戏策划01.pptx

游戏策划山东大学软件学院2011秋教材GameDesignWorkshop,SecondEdition:APlay-centricApproachtoCreatingInnovativeGamesMorganKaufmann,ISBN:0240809742,February08,2008参考书黄石，丁肇辰，陈妍洁，数字游戏策划(数字娱乐设计系列教材)，清华大学出版社，2008年6月信息产业部软件与集成电路促进中心;北京汇众益智科技有限公司，游戏架构设计与策划，电子工业出版社，2007年6月内容简介本课程主要内容包括游戏策划概要、游戏性要素、游戏策划思想和针对不同类型的游戏策划方法等，通过深入浅出地介绍当前游戏策划的理论和方法，并通过紧密结合实践训练，力图使学生深入理解并掌握游戏策划及实施的流程与方法。课堂教学与案例实践相结合，教学环节包括课堂讲解、独立策划与分组讨论、案例分析、游戏策划文档制作PartIGameDesignBasicsOneofthemostdifficulttaskspeoplecanperform,howevermuchothersmaydespiseit,istheinventionofgoodgames.C.G.JungGamesareanintegralpartofallknownhumancultures.Digitalgames,inalltheirvariousformatsandgenres,arejustanewexpressionofthisancientmethodofsocialinteraction.gamedesignerPartengineer,partentertainer,partmathematician,andpartsocialdirectortheroleofthegamedesigneristocraftasetofruleswithinwhichtherearemeansandmotivationtoplay.createthatelusivecombinationofchallenge,competition,andinteractionthatplayersjustcall“fun”GameindustryGameindustryrevenueshavebeengrowingatadouble-digitrateforyearsandhaverecentlyeclipsedthedomesticboxofficerevenuesofthefilmindustry,reaching12.5billiondollarsin2007digitalgamesthesecondmostpopularformofentertainmentaftertelevisionapproachexercisedrivenandextremelynon-technicalThecomplexitiesofsoftwaredevelopmentoftenhamperadesignersabilitytoseethestructuralelementsoftheirsystemclearlymostimportantskillinthegamedesign:theprocessofprototyping,playtesting,andrevisingyoursystembasedonplayerfeedback3StepsStartwithanunderstandingofhowgameswork.Learnaboutrules,procedures,objectives,etc.Learntoconceptualize,prototype,andplaytestyouroriginalgames.Createroughphysicalordigitalprototypesofyourdesignsthatallowyoutoseparatetheessentialsystemelementsfromthecomplexitiesoffullproduction.Understandtheindustryandtheplaceofthegamedesignerinitdigitalgameshavethecapacitytotakeustoamazingnewworldswithfantasticcharactersandfullyrealizedinteractiveenvironmentstheappealofdigitalgamesforplayershasitsrootsinthesamebasicimpulsesanddesiresasthegamesthathavecomebeforethemtolearnnewskills,tofeelasenseofachievement,tointeractwithfriendsandfamily,andsometimesjusttopassthetime“playcentric”approachkeytodesigninginnovative,emotionallyengaginggameexperiences1stchapter：lookatthespecialroleplayedbythegamedesignerthroughouttheprocess,thedesignersrelationshiptotheproductionteam,theskillsandvisionadesignermustpossess,andthemethodbywhichadesignerbringsplayersintotheprocess.structureofgameslookattheessentialstructureofgamestheformal,dramatic,anddynamicelementsthatadesignermustworkwithtocreatethatall-importantplayerexperience.thefundamentalbuildingblocksofgamedesign,andtheyprovideanunderstandingofwhatittakestocreategreatgames.TheRoleoftheGameDesignercreatetheobjectives,rules,andprocedures,thinksupthedramaticpremiseandgivesitlife,andisresponsibleforplanningeverythingnecessarytocreateacompellingplayerexperienceplansthestructuralelementsofasystemthat,whensetinmotionbytheplayers,createstheinteractiveexperiencequestionswhatdoesittaketobeagamedesigner?Whatkindsoftalentsandskillsdoyouneed?Whatwillbeexpectedofyouduringtheprocess?whatisthebestmethodofdesigningforagame?AnAdvocateforthePlayerTheroleofthegamedesigneris,firstandforemost,tobeanadvocatefortheplayer.mustlookattheworldofgamesthroughtheplayerseyeswhatmakesagamegreatissolidgameplaytokeepyourconcentrationfocusedontheplayerexperienceandnotallowyourselftobedistractedbytheotherconcernsofproductionPlaytestersPlaytestersarepeoplewhoplayyourgameandprovidefeedbackontheexperiencesothatyoucanmoveforwardwithafreshperspectiveObservetheirexperienceandtrytoseethegamethroughtheireyestoknowthatplaytestingistheheartofthedesignprocessPlaytestgroupMoreplaytestgroupsExercise1.1:BecomeaTesterTakeontheroleofatester.GoplayagameandobserveyourselfasyouplayWritedownwhatyouredoingandfeeling.Trytocreateonepageofdetailednotesonyourbehaviorsandactions.Thenrepeatthisexperiencewhilewatchingafriendplaythesamegame.Comparethetwosetsofnotesandanalyzewhatyouvelearnedfromtheprocess.PassionsandSkillsFirst,agreatgamedesignerissomeonewholovestocreateplayfulsituations.Apassionforgamesandplayistheonethreadallgreatdesignershaveincommon.youllneedtodevelopsomeotherimportantskillsinadditiontoyourloveofgamesandyourunderstandingoftheplaycentricprocessCommunicationimportantskillthatyou,asagamedesigner,candevelopistheabilitytocommunicateclearlyandeffectivelywithalltheotherpeoplewhowillbeworkingonyourgameCommunicatingwithteammembersgoodcommunicationgoodcommunicationdoesntjustmeanwritingandspeakingitalsomeansbecomingagoodlistenerandagreatcompromiserPerhapsoneofthehardestthingstodoinlifeiscompromiseTeamworkGameproductioncanbeoneofthemostintense,collaborativeprocessesyoulleverexperience.hardcorecomputerscientiststalentedillustratorsandanimatorsmoney-mindedexecutivesandbusinessmanagerstherangeofpersonalitiesisincredibleinmanycasesthetaskofgamedesignisateameffortTeamworkProcessagamebecomesunbalancedwhiletryingtocorrectanissuebecausethedesignergetstooclosetotheworkGamesarefragilesystems,andeachelementisinextricablylinkedtotheothersachangeinonevariablecansenddisruptiveripplesthroughoutProcessShouldbeinstillinggoodprocessesinyourteamfromthebeginningideascangetconvolutedandobjectivescandisappearinthechaosofdailycrisesgoodprocess,usingtheplay-centricapproachofplay-testing,andcontrolled,iterativechangescanhelpyoustayfocusedonyourgoals,prioritizewhatstrulyimportant,andavoidthepitfallsofanunstructuredapproachExercise1.2:D.O.ATakeonegamethatyouveplayedthatwasD.O.A.ByD.O.A.,wemean“deadonarrival”(i.e.,agamethatsnofuntoplay).Writedownwhatyoudontlikeaboutit.Whatdidthedesignersmissouton?Howcouldthegamebeimproved?InspirationAgamedesigneroftenlooksattheworlddifferentlyfrommostpeopleinpartbecauseoftheprofessioninpartbecausetheartofgamedesignrequiressomeonewhoisabletoseeandanalyzetheunderlyingrelationshipsandrulesofcomplexsystemsandtofindinspirationforplayincommoninteractionsInspirationgamedesignerlooksattheworld,oftenseesthingsintermsofchallenges,structures,andplayGamesareeverywhereInspirationtrylookingattheworldintermsofitsunderlyingsystemsanalyzehowthingsinyourlifefunction.Whataretheunderlyingrules?Howdothemechanicsoperate?Arethereopportunitiesforchallengeorplayfulness?Exercise1.3:YourLifeasaGameListfiveareasofyourlifethatcouldbegames.Thenbrieflydescribeapossibleunderlyinggamestructureforeach.BecomingaBetterPlayerOnewaytobecomeanadvocatefortheplayerdontjustmeanmoreskilledorsomeonewhowinsallthetimeusingyourselfandyourexperienceswithgamestodevelopanunerringsenseforgoodgameplayThefirststeptopracticinganyartformistodevelopadeepunderstandingofwhatmakesthatartformworkneedtolearntoplaywiththesameconscioussensitivitytoyourownexperienceandcriticalanalysisoftheunderlyingsystemthattheseotherartsdemandBecomingaBetterPlayerformal,dramatic,anddynamicaspectsofgamesformasetoftoolsthatyoucanusetoanalyzeyourgameplayexperiencesandbecomeabetter,ormorearticulate,playerandcreativethinkerBeinggameliterate:understandinghowgamesystemswork,analyzinghowtheymakemeaning,andusingyourunderstandingtocreateyourowngamesystemsgamejournalwritingyouranalysisinagamejournalhelpyouthinkthroughexperiencesyouvehadrememberdetailsofyourgameplaytryandthinkdeeplyaboutyourgameexperiencewhydiditstrikeyouWhatdidyouthink,feel,do,etc.WhataretheunderlyingmechanicsthatmadethemomentworkThedramaticaspectsExercise1.4:GameJournalStartagamejournalTrytodescribenotjustthefeaturesofthegame,butdigdeeplyintothechoicesyoumade,whatyouthoughtandfeltaboutthosechoices,andtheunderlyinggamemechanicsthatsupportthosechoices.Gointodetail;lookforthereasonswhyvariousmechanicsofthegameexist.Analyzewhyonemomentofgameplaystandsoutandnotanother.CommittowritinginyourgamejournaleverydayCreativityneedtoaccessyourcreativitytodesigngreatgamesEveryoneiscreativeindifferentwayscomeupwithlotsofideaswithouteventryingfocusononeideaandexploreallofitspossiblefacetssitquietlyintheirroomsthinkingtothemselvesbounceideasaroundwithagroupandfindtheinteractiontobestimulatingseekoutstimulationornewexperiencestosparktheirimaginationsCreativityGreatgamedesignerscantapintotheirdreamsandfantasiesandbringthosetolifeasinteractiveexperiencesWill Wright:The Sims,SporeNintendos Shigeru Miyamoto宮本茂:oftenlookstohischildhoodandtohobbiesthatheenjoysExercise1.5:YourChildhoodListtengamesyouplayedasachild;forexample,hideandseek,foursquare,tag,etc.BrieflydescribewhatwascompellingabouteachofthosegamesCreativityCreativitymightalsomeanputtingtwothingstogetherthatdontseemtoberelatedcreativeideasSometimescreativeideasjustcometoyou,andthetrickistoknowwhentostandbyagameideathatseemsfar-fetched.KeitaTakahashi:KatamariDamacy(块魂)creativityOurpastexperiences,ourotherinterests,ourrelationships,andouridentityallcomeintoplaywhentryingtoreachourcreativityEveryonehasadifferentstyleforcomingupwithideasandbeingcreativeWhatmattersisnotthesparkofanideabutwhatyoudowiththatideaonceitemergeswheretheplaycentricprocessbecomescriticalAPlaycentricDesignProcessfocusesoninvolvingtheplayerinyourdesignprocessfromconceptionthroughcompletioncontinuallykeepingtheplayerexperienceinmindandtestingthegameplaywithtargetplayersthrougheveryphaseofdevelopmentSettingPlayerExperienceGoalsgoalsthatthegamedesignersetsforthetypeofexperiencethatplayerswillhaveduringthegamedescriptionsoftheinterestinganduniquesituationsnotfeaturesofthegameCanfocusyourcreativeprocessthinkingataveryhighlevelaboutwhatisinterestingPrototypingandPlaytestingideasshouldbeprototypedandplaytestedearlyaphysicalprototypeofthecoregamemechanicsThegoalistoplayandperfectthissimplisticmodelbeforeasingleprogrammer,producer,orgraphicartistiseverbroughtontotheprojectintheindustrytoday,muchofthetestingofthecoregamemechanicscomeslaterintheproductioncycleInChapter9wedescribeanumberofmethodsyoucanuseonyourowntoproduceusefulimprovementstoyourgamedesignIterationdesign,test,andevaluatetheresultsoverandoveragainthroughoutthedevelopmentofyourgame,eachtimeimprovinguponthegameplayorfeatures,untiltheplayerexperiencemeetsyourcriteriadeeplyimportantIterativeprocessdiagramiterativeprocessPlayerexperiencegoalsareset.Anideaorsystemisconceived.Anideaorsystemisformalized(i.e.,writtendownorprototyped).Anideaorsystemistestedagainstplayerexperiencegoals(i.e.,playtestedorexhibitedforfeedback).ResultsareevaluatedandprioritizedIfresultsarenegativeandtheideaorsystemappearstobefundamentallyflawed,gobacktothefirststep.Ifresultspointtoimprovements,modifyandtestagain.Ifresultsarepositiveandtheideaorsystemappearstobesuccessful,theiterativeprocesshasbeencompleted.Step1:BrainstormingSetplayerexperiencegoals.ComeupwithgameconceptsormechanicsthatyouthinkmightachieveyourplayerexperiencegoalsNarrowdownthelisttothetopthree.Writeupashort,one-pagedescriptioneachoftheseideas,sometimescalledatreatmentorconceptdocumentTestyourwrittenconceptswithpotentialplayers(youmightalsowanttocreateroughvisualmock-upsofyourideasatthisstagetohelpcommunicatetheideas)Step2:PhysicalPrototypeCreateaplayableprototypeusingpenandpaperorothercraftmaterials.PlaytestthephysicalprototypeusingtheprocessdescribedinChapters7and9.Whenthephysicalprototypedemonstratesworkinggameplaythatachievesyourplayerexperiencegoals,writeathree-tosix-pagegameplaytreatmentdescribinghowthegamefunctionsStep3:Presentation(Optional)Apresentationisoftenmadetosecurefundstohiretheprototypingteam;alsogoodwaytothinkthroughyourgameandintroduceittotheteammembersshouldincludedemoartworkandasolidgameplaytreatmentStep4:SoftwarePrototype(s)creatingroughcomputermodelsofthecoregameplayDigitalprototypingisdiscussedinChapter8Playtestthesoftwareprototype(s)usingtheprocessdescribedinChapter9Whenthesoftwareprototype(s)demonstrateworkinggameplaythatachievesyourplayerexperiencegoals,moveontothedocumentationstepStep5:DesignDocumentationWhileyouhavebeenprototypingandworkingonyourgameplay,youhaveprobablybeencompilingnotesandideasforthe“real”game.Usetheknowledgeyouvegainedduringthisprototypingstagetowritethefirstdraftofadocumentthatoutlineseveryaspectofthegameandhowitfunctions.Thisdocumentisusuallycalledthedesigndocument,butrecently,manydesignershavemovedawayfromstaticdocumentstowardonlinedesignwikisbecauseoftheirflexible,collaborativenature.Adesignwikiisagreatcollaborationtoolandlivingdocumentthatchangesandgrowswiththeproduction.Step6:ProductionWorkwithalloftheteammemberstomakesureeachaspectofthedesignisachievableandcorrectlydescribedinthedesigndocument.Whenaninitialdraftofthedesigndocumentiscompleted,moveontoproduction.Productionisthetimetostaffupandbeginthecreationoftherealartworkandprogramming.Dontlosesightoftheplaycentricprocessduringproductiontestyourartwork,gameplay,characters,etc.,asyoumovealong.Asyoucontinuetoperformiterativecyclesthroughouttheproductionphase,theproblemsyoufindandthechangesyoumakeshouldgetsmallerandsmaller.solvedyourmajorissuesduringtheprototypingphasesStep7:QualityAssuranceBythetimetheprojectisreadyforqualityassurancetesting,youshouldbeverysurethatyourgameplayissolid.Therecanstillbesomeissues,socontinueplaytestingwithaneyetousabilityNowisthetimetomakesureyourgameisaccessibletoyourentiretargetaudience.playerfeedbacktheplaycentricapproachinvolvesplayerfeedbackthroughouttheproductionprocesslotsofprototypingandplaytestingateverystageofyourgamesdevelopmentPrototypesandPlaytestingintheIndustryTheproblemisthatthesoftwarecodinghascommencedbeforeanyonehasatruesenseforthegamemechanicspossiblebecausemanygamesaresimplyvariationsonstandardgamemechanicsTakingrisksandspendingalotoftimeandmoneycreatingnewgameplaymechanicsaredifficulttoreconcilewithabottomlineneedstoreachnewmarketsNintendoWiiandDS/iPhoneGuitarHeroUnconventionalplayersdesignanoriginalgameDifficulttodesignanoriginalgameifyouskipthephysicalprototypingprocessDesigningforInnovationnextgenerationofgamedesignersisgoingtohavetobeabletoproducebreakthroughsinplayerexperienceInnovation:Designinggameswithuniqueplaymechanics-thinkingbeyondexistinggenresofplayAppealingtonewplayerspeoplewhohavedifferenttastesandskillsthanhard-coregamersTryingtosolvedifficultproblemsingamedesignAskingdifficultquestionsaboutwhatgamesare,whattheycanbe,andwhattheirimpactisonusindividuallyandculturallydifficultproblemsingamedesignTheintegrationofstoryandgameplayDeeperempathyforcharactersingamesCreatingemotionallyrichgameplayDiscoveringtherelationshipsbetweengamesandlearning9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。11月-2411月-24Wednesday,November6,202410、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。04:23:2504:23:2604:2311/6/20244:23:26AM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。11月-2404:23:2704:23Nov-2406-Nov-2412、故人江海别，几度隔山川。04:23:3004:23:3004:23Wednesday,November6,202413、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。11月-2411月-2404:23:3404:23:34November6,202414、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。06十一月20244:23:36上午04:23:3711月-2415、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十一月244:23上午11月-2404:23November6,202416、行动出成果，工作出财富。2024/11/6周三4:23:4104:23:4106November202417、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。4:23:43上午4:23上午04:23:4311月-249、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。11月-2411月-24Wednesday,November6,202410、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。04:23:4704:23:4804:2311/6/20244:23:48AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。11月-2404:23:4904:23Nov-2406-Nov-2412、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。04:23:5104:23:5204:23Wednesday,November6,202413、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。11月-2411月-2404:23:5504:23:55November6,202414、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。06十一月20244:23:58上午04:23:5811月-241